Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Its Impact on Food Safety Determinants Along the Beef Value Chain in Sub-Saharan Africa-A Scoping Review.","authors":"Godfrey Musuka, Jairus Machakwa, Oscar Mano, Patrick Gad Iradukunda, Pierre Gashema, Enos Moyo, Amon Nsengimana, Shepherd Manhokwe, Tapiwa Dhliwayo, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030082","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to human, animal, and public health, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the beef sector is vital to food security and livelihoods. We conducted a scoping review to explore the determinants and impacts of AMR within the beef value chain in SSA, highlighting the challenges and progress in mitigating AMR risks in livestock production. This review identifies key factors contributing to AMR, including the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials, inadequate veterinary oversight, and weak regulatory frameworks. These practices are prevalent across various stages of the beef value chain, from farm to slaughterhouse, and are exacerbated by informal markets and insufficient infrastructure. Our findings also highlight the role of environmental factors, such as contamination of feed, water, and manure, in the spread of resistant pathogens. Additionally, gaps in AMR surveillance, education, and enforcement limit effective control measures in the region. While efforts to combat AMR have gained momentum in some countries, including the development of national action plans and surveillance systems, substantial challenges remain. These include poor adherence to antimicrobial guidelines, insufficient veterinary training, and the lack of integration between sectors. There is a need for targeted research to better understand antimicrobial misuse, socio-economic drivers, and the environmental pathways of AMR, as well as the need for stronger regulatory frameworks and cross-border cooperation. Addressing these challenges will be essential to safeguarding food safety, public health, and the sustainability of the beef industry in SSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Positivity Occurring During Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Min Wang, Muhammad Tahir Khan, Zilong Yang, Zhiyu Feng, Hong Zhang, Yuan Yuan, Di Wu, Zeying Chen, Haobin Kuang, Shouyong Tan","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030083","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical characteristics of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients with concurrent nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection present significant challenges to treatment. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of MDR-TB patients with concurrent NTM infection during treatment. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect the clinical data of MDR-TB patients who initiated treatment between January 2020 and December 2022. A total of 389 patients were analyzed, among which 111 patients who were lost to follow-up and 56 patients who missed etiological examination of tuberculosis during the visit period were excluded. A total of 222 patients with complete data were included in this study. The species identification method primarily employed molecular biology techniques, specifically the DNA microarray method and/or MPB64 antigen detection using the colloidal gold method. Patients whose sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cultures were positive and who were identified at least once as having NTM or as MPB64 negative were included in this study. Imaging data, comorbidities, pre-treatment infection, and nutritional indicators were analyzed during treatment. Among the 222 MDR-TB patients, no concurrent NTM cases were identified at the beginning of treatment. However, 19 cases (8.56%) were presumed to be NTM-positive during treatment, which appeared during anti-tuberculosis treatment from 2 to 12 months, averaging 6 (3, 12) months. Thirteen patients were only tested for MPB64, with five having two negative MPB64 tests. The symptoms of NTM-positive patients varied, and imaging findings were similar to those of MDR-TB but did not worsen. The emergence of presumed NTM-positive cases (8.56%) among MDR-TB patients during treatment highlights the need for monitoring, as symptoms and imaging findings may mimic MDR-TB without worsening. Early and repeated testing, including methods beyond MPB64, may be useful for more accurate diagnosis and tailored management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Infections and Antimicrobial Use in Neonates and Infants.","authors":"Chryssoula Tzialla","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030080","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious diseases in infants are a major cause of morbidity and mortality during the first 28 days of life, accounting for approximately 33% of neonatal deaths and 50% of deaths in children under the age of five [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations and Dynamics of Major Meningitis Etiological Agents During and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias, Larissa Santos Weyne, Lenifer Siqueira Landim, Pablo Eliack Linhares de Holanda, Aliniana da Silva Santos, Luciano Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti, Lourrany Borges Costa, Antonio Gutierry Neves Dantas de Melo, Melissa Soares Medeiros, Evelyne Santana Girão, Tânia Mara Silva Coelho, Lauro Vieira Perdigão Neto","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030081","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transmission dynamics of many pathogens were altered during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several factors, including control measures and social distancing, have influenced the circulation and epidemiology of major etiological agents of meningitis during this period. This review examined trends in the primary etiologic agents of meningitis during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and SciELO databases for studies published between 2020 and 2024. The data were summarized descriptively and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Thirty-eight studies are included in this review. Bacterial and viral meningitis pathogens exhibited significant epidemiological shifts during the pandemic. A marked decline in infections caused by the enteroviruses, <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>, <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> was observed from 2020 to 2021 in the northern and southern hemispheres during the pandemic. Post-pandemic, meningitis cases increased, with a resurgence in various countries. Despite the heterogeneity of the studies, the evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the epidemiology of meningitis-causing microorganisms during and after the pandemic. Understanding these epidemiological shifts and dynamics is crucial for defining the control measures, vaccination strategies, and public health policies in the post-COVID-19 era.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Adherence and Outcomes in Patients with Tuberculosis Treated with Telemedicine: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Kikelomo Sabainah Olowoyo, Deborah Tolulope Esan, Paul Olowoyo, Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye, Israel Opeyemi Fawole, Segun Aderibigbe, Mary Opeyemi Adigun, David Bamidele Olawade, Theophilus Olaide Esan, Benedict Tolulope Adeyanju","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030078","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient non-adherence to drug usage is a major barrier to treating tuberculosis (TB). Telemedicine has shown promise in treatment monitoring and evaluation. This paper aims to explore scientific evidence of telemedicine application in TB treatment to promote widespread adoption in areas that are remote or have poor road networks from health facilities. Articles published from 2010 to 2023 on the adherence and outcomes in pulmonary tuberculosis with the use of telemedicine were reviewed. A scoping review of the studies was conducted by two authors independently, following the PRISMA guidelines to identify relevant articles. Telemedicine interventions have shown improvements in medication adherence, treatment completion, cure rates, and smear conversion among TB patients. The available evidence supports the beneficial effect of telemedicine in improving treatment adherence and outcomes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. However, the effect and outcomes varied across studies, indicating the need for further research and standardization of telemedicine interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A High Burden of Infectious Tuberculosis Cases Among Older Children and Young Adolescents of the Female Gender in Ethiopia.","authors":"Zewdu Dememew, Atakilt Deribew, Amtatachew Zegeye, Taye Janfa, Teshager Kegne, Yohannes Alemayehu, Asfawosen Gebreyohannes, Sidhartha Deka, Pedro Suarez, Daniel Datiko, Dan Schwarz","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030079","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study was conducted in all regions of Ethiopia, except Tigray. It describes types of Tuberculosis (TB) based on gender, age, region, HIV status, and geographic setting in Ethiopia. It is a cross-sectional study that utilized the Ministry of Health's District Health Information System-based reporting to analyze all types of TB from July 2022 to March 2024. In total, 290,450 TB cases were detected: 42.6% (123,871) were female, 9.4% (27,160) were children (under 15 years of age), and 14.5% (42,228) were adolescents (10-19 years of age). About 48% (20,185) of adolescent TB cases were bacteriologically confirmed, of which 47.5% were females. Compared to children <5 years, the male-to-female ratio is 26% higher among older children (5-9 years of age) (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.51-2.01)) and 53% higher among adolescents (AOR: 1.53, 95% CI 0.87-2.18). In short, about half of TB cases are infectious among older children and young adolescents of the female gender in Ethiopia. TB among these age categories may be addressed through the integration of TB services with reproductive health services and youth-friendly and pediatric clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases Remain a Considerable Public Health Challenge in West Africa.","authors":"Andrew Ramsay, Edward Mberu Kamau","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030077","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) form a category of diverse, mainly infectious, diseases that are prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dog-Mediated Rabies Surveillance in Nigeria (2014-2023): Investigating Seasonality and Spatial Clustering.","authors":"Rebecca D Williams, Mahbod Entezami, Ruth Alafiatayo, Olaniran Alabi, Daniel L Horton, Emma Taylor, Rachel Tidman, Columba T Vakuru, Taiwo Olasoju, Abel B Ekiri, Joaquin M Prada","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030076","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabies is an important zoonotic disease responsible for 59,000 human deaths worldwide each year. More than a third of these deaths occur in Africa. The first step in controlling rabies is establishing the burden of disease through data analysis and investigating regional risk to help prioritise resources. Here, we evaluated the surveillance data collected over the last decade in Nigeria (2014-2023). A spatio-temporal model was developed using the NIMBLE (1.2.1) package in R to assess outbreak risk. Our analysis found a high risk of canine rabies outbreaks in Plateau state and its surrounding states, as well as increased trends of outbreaks from July to September. The high number of reported canine rabies outbreaks in the North Central region could be due to cross-border transmission or improved reporting in the area. However, this could be confounded by potential reporting bias, with 8 out of 37 states (21.6%) never reporting a single outbreak in the period studied. Improving surveillance efforts will highlight states and regions in need of prioritisation for vaccinations and post-exposure prophylaxis. Using a One Health approach will likely help improve reporting, such as through integrated bite-case management, creating a more sustainable solution for the epidemiology of rabies in Nigeria in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Cosma et al. Leishmaniasis in Humans and Animals: A One Health Approach for Surveillance, Prevention and Control in a Changing World. <i>Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.</i> 2024, <i>9</i>, 258.","authors":"Claudia Cosma, Carla Maia, Nushrat Khan, Maria Infantino, Marco Del Riccio","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030074","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Error in Figure</b> [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized Treatment as Prevention Plus Focused Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Is the Key to Controlling HIV/AIDS.","authors":"Julio S G Montaner, Viviane D Lima, Kate A Salters, Junine Toy, Jeffrey B Joy, Silvia Guillemi, Rolando Barrios","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030075","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment as Prevention (TasP) and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) are both widely recognized as essential biomedical tools to control HIV/AIDS. TasP calls for the immediate initiation of fully subsidized and supported antiretroviral therapy (ART) following HIV diagnosis. TasP effectively prevents progression to AIDS, and premature AIDS-related deaths among people living with HIV (PLWH), and simultaneously renders HIV non-transmissible, thus preventing onward HIV transmission. In addition, PrEP has proven effective against HIV transmission among high-risk individuals who are adherent to the regimen. PrEP traditionally consists of two antiretrovirals given orally as one pill daily: originally, tenofovir-DF plus emtricitabine (TDF-FTC), and later, tenofovir-AF (TAF) plus FTC (more recently, other options have become available, including long-acting parenteral formulations; however, these are still of limited availability). Over the last two decades, the province of British Columbia has rolled out TasP among all PLWH, and starting in 2018, PrEP was added as a strategy to reach individuals most at risk of acquiring HIV to further accelerate progress in addressing HIV/AIDS as a public health threat. Our \"generalized TasP + focused PrEP\" program proved to be synergistic (or multiplicative) as it relates to reducing the HIV effective reproduction number (Re). TasP lowers HIV incidence by reducing the pool of individuals able to transmit HIV, which is dependent on the extent of community plasma viral load (pVL) suppression. Meanwhile, PrEP reduces the number of potential new infections among those most susceptible to acquiring HIV in the community, independent of viral load suppression among PLWH. Our results strongly support widespread implementation of the combination of \"generalized TasP + focused PrEP\" strategy and underscore the importance of long-term monitoring of Re at a programmatic level to identify opportunities for optimizing TasP and PrEP programs. This approach aligns with the United Nations goal of \"Ending HIV/AIDS as a pandemic by 2030\", both in Canada and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}