Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Comment on Nejati et al. Spatiotemporal Patterns and Historical Overview of <i>Aedes</i> Mosquitoes in Iran: A Systematic Review. <i>Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.</i> 2026, <i>11</i>, 131.","authors":"Tahereh Sadat Asgarian, Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080236","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we critically review the article entitled \"Spatiotemporal Patterns and Historical Overview of <i>Aedes</i> Mosquitoes in Iran: A Systematic Review\" published in <i>Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease</i> (2026, 11, 131) [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the Gaps and Challenges of Autochthonous Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis in Spain.","authors":"Diego Gayoso-Cantero, Begoña Monge-Maillo, Jose A Perez-Molina","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080235","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autochthonous mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> is an under-recognised but established manifestation of endemic leishmaniasis in Spain. This review identified 65 confirmed autochthonous cases reported since 1990, showing a relatively consistent clinical pattern. Most patients were adults, predominantly men in the fifth or sixth decade of life. Nearly half were immunosuppressed, mainly due to HIV infection, corticosteroid use, biologic therapy, autoimmune diseases, or solid organ transplantation, although immunocompetent individuals were also affected. The laryngeal, nasal, and oral mucosa were the most commonly involved sites, with occasional tracheal and bronchial disease. Clinical presentation was typically chronic and non-specific, including ulcerative, nodular, polypoid, or tumour-like lesions that frequently mimicked malignancy or inflammatory disorders, often delaying diagnosis. Unlike classical New World mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, Spanish cases generally lacked a preceding cutaneous lesion, supporting recognition as a distinct form of <i>L. infantum</i> infection. Diagnosis required microbiological confirmation, ideally with species identification through culture or molecular methods, while serology showed limited reliability. Treatment approaches varied considerably, reflecting the absence of standardised protocols, although systemic therapy (particularly liposomal amphotericin B) was most commonly used. Improved recognition, surveillance, and inclusion in clinical guidelines are needed to reduce diagnostic delay and therapeutic variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Imported Pathology Becomes Overlooked as Resources Increase: An Example of a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD).","authors":"Fernando de la Calle-Prieto, Lucía Platero, Jorge Ligero-López, Marta Díaz-Menéndez, Guillermo Ruiz-Carrascoso","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080234","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report highlights how neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) may remain underdiagnosed in high-resource settings despite advanced healthcare systems. We describe an 18-year-old woman from Equatorial Guinea living in Spain who presented with chronic pruritus and episodic ocular symptoms and was ultimately diagnosed with ocular loiasis after the incidental extraction of a conjunctival filaria. Diagnostic evaluation included microscopy, serology, and molecular techniques, confirming <i>Loa loa</i> and <i>Mansonella perstans</i> co-infection alongside evidence of exposure to other parasitic infections. Management involved staged antiparasitic therapy with albendazole, ivermectin, praziquantel, and diethylcarbamazine, combined with corticosteroids to mitigate treatment-related reactions. The patient showed clinical improvement, although follow-up was irregular and microfilaremia persisted. This case illustrates key challenges in non-endemic settings, including low clinical suspicion, fragmented care pathways, and barriers to healthcare access among migrant populations. Despite the availability of sensitive diagnostic tools, delayed recognition remains common when tropical diseases are not considered in the differential diagnosis. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches are essential, particularly in patients from endemic regions who may harbor multiple co-infections. Strengthening clinical awareness, referral pathways, and appropriate screening for NTDs may help reduce diagnostic delays and improve patient outcomes in increasingly globalized healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Khourcha et al. Assessing the Efficacy of Monovalent and Commercialized Antivenoms for Neutralizing Moroccan Cobra <i>Naja haje</i> Venom: A Comparative Study. <i>Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.</i> 2023, <i>8</i>, 304.","authors":"Soukaina Khourcha, Ines Hilal, Iatimad Elbejjaj, Mehdi Karkouri, Amal Safi, Abdelaziz Hmyene, Naoual Oukkache","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080233","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There was an error in the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Health Prioritization of Rabies Risk in the Republic of Guinea: Integration of Human Knowledge, Canine Immunity, and Spatial Analysis.","authors":"Noumouké Kante, Abdoulaye Kuan Traore, Lanceï Kaba, Nafissatou Ouédraogo, Nicolas Barro","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080232","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dog-mediated rabies remains a fatal but preventable zoonosis. Its elimination requires sufficient canine vaccination coverage, informed communities, and spatially targeted surveillance. In Guinea, human knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) data and canine serological data had previously been analyzed separately, limiting their translation into operational priorities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To build an integrated One Health assessment of rabies risk by combining KAP indicators, canine immunity, and spatial analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary integrated analysis was conducted using a KAP survey of 2733 respondents and canine rabies serology from 419 vaccinated dogs tested with the Platelia™ Rabies II ELISA, with a protection threshold set at 0.5 IU/mL. Indicators were regionalized, compared, and incorporated into a vulnerability index. Associations were estimated by logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals, and spatial findings were displayed on a real map of Guinea.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Knowledge was insufficient or intermediate among most respondents, unfavorable attitudes reached 88.84%, and poor practices reached 73.80%. Declared canine vaccination coverage remained below the 70% programmatic threshold in all regions. Overall canine seroprotection was high (88.78%), but 11.22% of dogs remained insufficiently protected. Among dog owners, knowledge of rabies was associated with dog vaccination (OR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.49-6.29). The integrated One Health assessment ranked Kindia as priority 1, Siguiri as priority 2, Boké and Labé as priority 3, and N'Zérékoré as priority 4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The integrated analysis shows that a strong immune response among vaccinated dogs is not sufficient when coverage, human practices, and the spatial distribution of risk remain heterogeneous. The recommended strategy is a regionally differentiated intervention combining post-exposure education, proximity-based dog vaccination, and targeted surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Dengue Surveillance Thresholds in Malaysia: A Comparative Evaluation of Endemic Channel Approaches.","authors":"Sarbhan Singh, Nuur Hafizah Md Iderus, Lonny Chen Rong Qi Ahmad, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali, Nur'ain Mohd Ghazali, Mohd Nadzmi Md Nadzri, Asrul Anuar, Mohd Kamarulariffin Kamarudin, Lim Mei Cheng, Teh Chien Huey, Chong Zhuo Lin, Wan Ming Keong, Chew Cheng Hoon","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080231","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endemic channels are widely used in dengue surveillance to detect unusual increases in case counts. However, conventional approaches that rely on historical averages with fixed standard deviation (SD)-based multipliers may produce unstable thresholds and false alerts. This study compared a conventional SD-based endemic channel with a log-scale SD-based endemic channel incorporating an enhanced alert rule to identify the optimal approach for routine dengue surveillance in Malaysia. Weekly national dengue case data from 2014 to 2024 were analyzed. A rolling validation approach was used to evaluate outbreak detection performance from 2017 to 2023 using three-year historical baselines. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and the Youden Index were calculated and pooled across the validation years. The optimal multiplier was selected based on the highest pooled Youden Index using the rolling validation period (2017-2023). The selected approach was then applied independently to the 2024 surveillance data as an operational demonstration of its potential use in routine dengue surveillance. A total of 260 epidemiological weeks were analyzed, of which 42 (16.2%) were classified as outbreak weeks. The log-scale SD-based endemic channel incorporating an enhanced alert rule achieved the highest pooled Youden Index of 0.43 at the optimal multiplier of 0.50. At this multiplier, sensitivity was 0.60, specificity 0.82, positive predictive value 0.35, negative predictive value 0.93, and overall accuracy 0.79. Compared with the conventional SD-based endemic channel at its optimal multiplier (1.00), the proposed approach demonstrated improved sensitivity (0.60 vs. 0.56), specificity (0.82 vs. 0.70), positive predictive value (0.35 vs. 0.23), negative predictive value (0.93 vs. 0.91), accuracy (0.79 vs. 0.68), and Youden Index (0.43 vs. 0.26). The log-scale SD-based endemic channel incorporating an enhanced alert rule demonstrated superior overall outbreak detection performance and was selected as the optimal approach for routine dengue surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Alcohol and Tobacco Use Among Virally Suppressed People Living with HIV in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.","authors":"Zanele Bennedict Nomatshila, Guillermo Alfredo Pulido Estrada, Sibusiso Cyprian Nomatshila, Teke Ruffin Apalata","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080230","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol and tobacco use remain important public health concerns among people living with HIV (PLWH), even after achieving viral load suppression. This study examined the socio-demographic factors associated with alcohol and tobacco use among virally suppressed PLWH in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 244 adults receiving antiretroviral therapy with suppressed viral loads at public healthcare facilities in the Eastern Cape Province. Data were collected using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the WHO STEPwise questionnaire. Alcohol use was classified according to the AUDIT, and participants were further categorised into low-risk (AUDIT score < 8) and risky drinking (AUDIT score ≥ 8) for regression analyses. Associations between socio-demographic characteristics and alcohol use were initially examined using cross-tabulations and exact tests where appropriate. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were subsequently performed to identify factors independently associated with risky alcohol use and smoking. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported, with statistical significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 244 participants, 57.0% were female, and 61.5% were employed. Based on the total AUDIT score, 60.2% of participants were classified as risky drinkers, while 44.3% were current smokers. In the multivariable analysis, employment was independently associated with risky alcohol use (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.11-3.73) and current smoking (AOR = 3.75, 95% CI: 1.98-7.08). Compared with single participants, married (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.25-5.45), separated (AOR = 5.19, 95% CI: 1.98-13.60), and divorced participants (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.05-10.49) had higher odds of risky alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Alcohol use and tobacco smoking remain common among virally suppressed PLWH in the Eastern Cape Province. Although viral load suppression is an important treatment outcome, it does not fully reflect broader health behaviours that may compromise long-term health. Integrating routine screening for alcohol and tobacco use, together with targeted behavioural interventions and harm reduction strategies, into comprehensive HIV care may improve long-term health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Implementation of a Tuberculosis Sample Referral Network to Expand Access to Molecular Diagnosis in the Republic of Congo: Pilot Evaluation and Programmatic Analysis (2023-2025).","authors":"Darrel Ornelle Elion Assiana, Hugues Check Asken Traoré, Franck Hardain Okemba-Okombi, Emmanuel Fonfon Ebata-Mboussa, Freisnel Hermeland Mouzinga, Erudit Beny Elenga, Asta-Wabi Fozia Hamed Belo, Mary Vincent Pabie Passy Mambou, Juliette Burchelle Ayessa Ondzie, Alain Disu Kamalandua, Tanou Joseph Kalivogui, Romeance Juvick Lepoupou, Bermeland Ewuinh Tsiobinda, Edrene Likoyo Mampouyath, Rachel Laure Nguela, Viviane Gisele Lompo Ouedraogo, Prudence Théoline Ovoulaka, Jessica Jeielle Ayande, Jacques Ndion Ngandzien, Baurel Arnaud Akiera, Salomon Tchuandom Bonsi, Jean Akiana","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080229","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited access to rapid molecular diagnostics remains a major barrier to timely tuberculosis (TB) detection and drug-resistance surveillance in resource-constrained settings. In the Republic of Congo, GeneXpert MTB/RIF platforms remain concentrated in a few laboratories, while peripheral facilities rely predominantly on smear microscopy, highlighting the need for a structured sample referral system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a three-year mixed-methods operational study comprising a six-month pilot phase (January-June 2023), initially enrolling 29 TB diagnostic and treatment centers in urban and rural settings followed by a 30-month national roll-out phase (July 2023-December 2025), evaluated retrospectively using routine programmatic surveillance data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the pilot phase, 962 sputum samples were transported. 294 (30.6%) were TB cases, including 12 (4.1%) RR-TB. Median total turnaround time was 53 h (19-168) in urban and 62 h (26-204) in rural, with 86% overall site participation (92% urban vs. 60% rural). During scale-up, samples increased from 2154 (2023) to 5160 (2024), achieving full national coverage (12/12 departments). Over three years, 2587 TB and 84 RR-TB cases were detected. The system's contribution to national TB detection grew from 9.2% to 16.0%, and RR-TB detection from 10.4% to 18.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementation of the structured sample referral system was associated with improved equitable access to molecular TB diagnosis, turnaround times within national targets, and strengthened the RR-TB surveillance. Scalable transport networks integrated into national guidelines may enhance diagnostic equity and drug-resistance detection in centralized laboratory systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling African Swine Fever Transmission and Epidemiology: A Scoping Review of Mechanistic, Statistical, and Machine Learning Approaches.","authors":"Kim Dianne B Ligue-Sabio, Yoni Nazarathy, Kien Quoc Do, Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Yusuf A Sucol, Benn Sartorius, Colleen L Lau","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080228","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease of domestic and wild pigs that has re-emerged as a major transboundary disease. Modelling using mechanistic, statistical, and machine learning (ML) approaches plays a key role in understanding ASF transmission and informing disease control, but the literature remains fragmented. To synthesise global ASF modelling efforts, we systematically reviewed studies applying these three approaches. We examined temporal and geographic trends, modelling objectives, explanatory variables, and model evaluation practices. A total of 151 papers published through 2024 met the inclusion criteria. Mechanistic (54.3%) and statistical (40.4%) approaches predominated, whereas ML (9.3%) was increasingly applied in recent years. Mechanistic models were primarily used to assess control strategies (48.8%) and transmission drivers (41.5%), statistical models to identify risk factors (63.9%) and spatiotemporal spread (32.8%), and ML for environmental suitability modelling (64.3%). Most were published from 2011 (99.3%) and focused on Europe (43.0%) and Asia (26.5%). Model evaluation remained inconsistent, with mechanistic papers frequently lacking model output uncertainty quantification (47.0%) and statistical papers often omitting model adequacy assessment (49.2%) and assumption checking (50.8%). Overall, ASF modelling approaches have developed complementary methodological roles, while geographic underrepresentation, limited representation of some transmission pathways, and inconsistent model evaluation remain important gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change, Urbanization, and the Emerging Urban Threat of Rift Valley Fever in Tropical and Subtropical Cities: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ahmad Y Alqassim","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080226","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a climate-sensitive mosquito-borne zoonosis long regarded as a rural, pastoral disease, yet accelerating tropical urbanization and intensifying climate variability may be reshaping its epidemiology at the urban-peri-urban interface. This narrative review examines how global climate change and urban-specific climatic conditions jointly shape RVF virus (RVFV) vector habitats, transmission, and burden in tropical and subtropical cities, synthesizing 51 of 412 English-language records identified by a structured, non-systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2009-2026) and selected for relevance to urban and peri-urban RVF. This research draws on human, livestock, and vector evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Indian Ocean islands across epidemic and inter-epidemic periods. The synthesis indicates that impervious surfaces, poor drainage, and open water storage can recreate the water-retaining function of rural dambos, sustaining a year-round larval habitat, and that <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> dominance together with peri-urban cattle may form an amplification bridge to humans. Direct evidence remains scarce, anchored by a single peri-urban serosurvey and limited urban slaughterhouse entomology. Critical gaps include urban primary-vector ecology, infection-rate data, urban-heat effects, city-specific exposure studies, and coupled climate-urban burden models. We conclude that RVF is a plausible emerging urban threat warranting proactive inter-epidemic surveillance and integration of RVF into urban planning and One Health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}