Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Health Education on Infectious Disease Knowledge in Indigenous Communities in Northwestern Malaysia.","authors":"Barathan Muttiah, Wathiqah Wahid, Alfizah Hanafiah","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070191","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indigenous people possess unique health literacy issues and challenges with preventing infectious diseases. This research assessed the baseline knowledge and misinformation in the Semai indigenous subgroup in Perak state, Malaysia, and the impact of a culturally adapted health education intervention. A single-group pre-test/post-test design was used with 156 participants ranging from 7 to 69 years old, predominantly children. The survey addressed key issues of head lice, intestinal parasites, tuberculosis (TB), handwashing, and germ transmission. An interactive, multi-station health education session in the local language produced a significant increase in overall knowledge (mean score increased from 3.17 to 3.83 out of 5, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), with the largest increase among the adult group aged 31-50 years. This was most notable for handwashing knowledge, which had the greatest increase, and misconceptions about intestinal worms and head lice remained. Differences in outcome by age suggest the need for targeted educational strategies, particularly for teenagers and elderly individuals who achieved less gain. The results support the effectiveness of culturally tailored, community-based health education in promoting the awareness of disease among indigenous communities. The drawbacks are convenience sampling, the child dominance of the sample, and the short-term follow-up. Future emphasis should be placed on long-term, community-based intervention using culturally tailored content and digital media.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Series 1: The Use of <i>hsp</i>65- and <i>erm</i>(41)-Targeted Amplicon Sequencing in the Diagnostic Workflow for Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria.","authors":"Tracy Lee, Adriana Cabrera, Kathleen Kolehmainen, Trevor Hird, Danielle Jorgensen, Alan O'Dwyer, Dan Fornika, Rupinder Kaur KhunKhun, Mabel Rodrigues, Natalie Prystajecky, John Tyson, Inna Sekirov, James E A Zlosnik","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070192","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evolving technologies available to clinical laboratories and laboratory-related updates to clinical guidelines both drive the need for clinical laboratories to keep their test menu updated and in line with current technological and clinical developments. Our laboratory has developed a targeted Illumina-based amplicon next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay to interrogate the <i>hsp</i>65 and <i>erm(</i>41) genes of <i>Mycobacterium</i> spp. for the purposes of providing species-level ± subspecies-level identification of <i>Mycobacterium</i> spp. organisms in clinical samples and genotypic predictions for inducible macrolide resistance (in the case of <i>M. abscessus</i> complex members). The developed assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity for <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and <i>M. abscessus</i> complex cultured organisms, 98% ID overall concordance relative to the available reference identification, and a nearly 60% \"rescue\" rate for primary samples that could not be identified using our previous method. There was 94.6% concordance between genotypic and phenotypic results for inducible macrolide resistance. The developed assay was successfully implemented in our clinical laboratory and has been accredited for clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12298072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Mortality by Clinical Laboratory Parameters in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Shicui Yan, Xuebin Ding, Qiao Gao, Lili Zhao, Cong Li, Zhenlu Sun, Xuejun Ma","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070193","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study intended to fully assess the predictive efficiency of different clinical laboratory parameters for the mortality risk in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase up to 13 December 2024 for studies on the association of laboratory parameters with SFTS mortality. Two investigators were independently responsible for the study screening and data extraction, and they assessed the study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Stata17.0 was adopted for the meta-analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We finally included 33 observational studies involving 9502 participants (1799 deaths and 7703 survivors). The results showed that increases in the viral load (odds ratio (OR) 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56-2.38), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (hazard ratio (HR) 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.51), neutrophil percentage (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03), white blood cells (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.11), activated partial thromboplastin time (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.09), prothrombin time (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03-1.65), creatine kinase-myocardial band (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.02), and procalcitonin (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10-1.47) greatly increased the SFTS mortality, while decreases in the lymphocyte percentage (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98), platelets (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99), and albumin (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.96) also greatly increased the SFTS mortality; the results were all statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Abnormalities of laboratory parameters (e.g., viral load, blood routine, coagulation, multi-organ dysfunction, and inflammation indicators) are good predictors of SFTS mortality, which can provide valuable references in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12300845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Reactivation in Patients Treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists: A Five-Year Retrospective Study.","authors":"Işıl Deniz Alıravcı, Pınar Mutlu, Sibel Oymak, Ufuk Ilter Guney, Oguzhan Keskin","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070190","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to reveal the demographic and clinical data of patients receiving TNF-α blockers, to compare the characteristics of those who received latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment and those who did not, and to evaluate and determine potential risk factors for developing active TB disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary university hospital examining all patients receiving at least one TNF-α blocker between January 2019 and October 2024. The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) was analyzed across various TNF-α blocker medications in patients, both with and without LTBI treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 519 patients had TNF-α blockers: 452 (87.09%) underwent TST, 193 (37.1%) underwent booster TST, and 33 (6.3%) underwent IGRA/TST; 362 (69.7%) were treated for LTBI, and 7 (1.3%) developed TB. Comparing all TNF-α blockers, adalimumab showed a higher risk of TB. Patients with and without LTBI treatment did not significantly differ in TB incidence after biologic therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of TB in people taking TNF-α blockers was higher compared to the incidence in the general population. LTBI screening, including both TST and IGRA, should be performed with TST and IGRA tests, and LTBI-positive individuals should be started on preventive treatment. However, it should not be forgotten that active TB disease may also develop in LTBI-negative individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12300220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Dengue Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAPs) Among the General Public in Sri Lanka: A Review and Meta-Analysis of Questionnaire-Based Surveys from 2000-2023.","authors":"Nilmini Chandrasena, Dileepa Ediriweera, Deshaka Jayakody, Nayana Gunathilaka, Ranjan Premaratna","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070189","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective was to conduct a review and meta-analysis of questionnaire-based surveys of dengue knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices (KAP)s among the general public in Sri Lanka as no prior island-wide survey existed. The electronic database PubMed and other bibliography were searched for literature on dengue questionnaire-based KAP surveys in Sri Lanka from 2000-2023. Data pertaining to the three domains were extracted from sixteen eligible articles, pooled, and analyzed separately using random effect models. Meta-analyses of the three domains were performed using R version 3.6.3. The population surveyed (8955) was <0.045% of the total Sri Lankan population. The publication frequency increased over time and surveys were distributed in Colombo and suburbs 43.7% (7/16), Kandy 25% (4/16,) Gampaha 12.5% (2/16), and 6.3% (1/16) one each in Kurunegala, Matara, Batticaloa, and Jaffna. Knowledge on dengue transmission, vector breeding, and fever as a symptom was >80%, while on vector species, preferred feeding times, recurrence of dengue it was > 55% and on warning signs of severity it was 25%. Attitudes towards community participation in dengue prevention activities and knowledge of dengue risk factors (avoidance of aspirin and dark colored drinks) were poor, while practice of control measures (removal of water collecting receptacles, roof-gutter management) lacked regularity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12300313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Distribution of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and the Influence of Air Pollutants and Socioeconomic Factors on Incidence in Fujian, China.","authors":"Meirong Zhan, Shaojian Cai, Zhonghang Xie, Senshuang Zheng, Zhengqiang Huang, Jianming Ou, Shenggen Wu","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070188","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) typically exhibits spatiotemporal clustering. This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of HFMD in Fujian Province, China, and to identify the associations of air pollutants and socioeconomic factors with the incidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Daily reported HFMD case data, daily air pollutant data, and socioeconomic data in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2023 were collected for analysis. A descriptive analysis was used to describe the epidemiological trends of HFMD. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was applied to explore the spatiotemporal clustering characteristics. The associations between risk factors and HFMD incidence were evaluated using the generalized additive model (GAM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HFMD incidence in Fujian has decreased since 2019, and the peak in each year occurred between May and June. Distinct high-high and low-low clustering areas were identified. The cumulative exposure-response curves for SO₂, NO₂, and CO showed a monotonically increasing trend, with relative risks (RRs) < 1 at concentrations lower than the median levels (SO₂ ≈ 4 μg/m³, NO₂ ≈ 16 μg/m³, CO ≈ 1 mg/m³). In contrast, the curves for O₃ and PM_2.5 showed a decreasing trend, with RR < 1 at concentrations above the median levels (O₃ ≈ 55 μg/m³, PM_2.5 ≈ 20 μg/m³). Among socioeconomic factors, only the proportion of the population under 15 years old was found to be associated with HFMD incidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HFMD incidence in Fujian exhibited distinct spatiotemporal clustering. The incidence was associated with the concentrations of air pollutants. Targeted interventions should be implemented in high-risk areas to mitigate HFMD transmission, with particular attention given to the environmental and demographic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12298525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Update on Syndemics: Editorial Comments.","authors":"Nicola Bulled, Merrill Singer","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070187","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The theory of syndemics hypothesizes that observed clusters of diseases in specific temporal and geographical contexts are the result of harmful socio-environmental conditions resulting in mutually enhancing deleterious consequences [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12299863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Levels of Community Support for Mansonellosis Interventions in an Endemic Area of the Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Uziel Ferreira Suwa, Carla Letícia Gomes Simão, Ulysses Carvalho Barbosa, Patrícia Moura Sousa, Cláudia Patrícia Mendes de Araújo, Marilaine Martins, James Lee Crainey","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070186","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mansonellosis is a chronic infectious tropical disease that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide but is not currently targeted for control. In this study, we interviewed 320 residents from Sao Gabriel do Cachoeira (SGC) about their support for soil transmitted helminth (STH) and mansonellosis interventions. Our survey found no significant difference between community support for mansonellosis and STH disease treatment when comparing any equivalent treatment regimen or program, although support for STH treatments was always higher than for mansonellosis treatments. No significant differences were detected when comparing community members' willingness to participate in treatment programs and their willingness to allow family members to participate in an equivalent program. Our survey did, however, almost always find that significantly more community members were willing to participate in a proposed treatment program if the treatment regimen of that program was shorter than an otherwise equivalent regimen. Although significantly fewer people said they would participate in a curative four-week treatment course for mansonellosis than in a mansonellosis mass drug administration (MDA) program, significantly more community members said they would take a curative mansonellosis treatment course that lasted seven days or less than they would participate in any type of anthelminthic MDA proposed to them. The number of community members who said they would participate in any helminthic treatment program if they knew there was a ≥50% chance that they were infected was significantly higher than the number who said that they would without knowing the regional prevalence rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12300409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Factors Influencing the Incidence, Persistence, and Severity of Symptoms After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Chinese Adults: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Weixiao Wang, Runjie Qi, Siyue Jia, Zhihang Peng, Hongxing Pan, Ming Xu, Yuanbao Liu, Xiaoqiang Liu, Qing Wang, Li Zhang, Jihai Tang, Hao Yang, Pengfei Jin, Simin Li, Jingxin Li","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070185","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the emergence of COVID-19, breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections have demonstrated substantial heterogeneity in both occurrence and clinical severity. This case-control study aimed to elucidate the factors associated with the incidence, duration, and severity of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms among Chinese adults during the Omicron wave. The analysis was based on data from a national COVID-19 surveillance program encompassing six provinces-Jiangsu, Chongqing, Shandong, Hunan, Anhui, and Yunnan-and included both laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases. Data were systematically collected between February and April 2023. For each confirmed case, a matched control was selected through simple random sampling, matched on sex, age (±5 years), and province of residence. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to assess a range of potential determinants, including demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and pre-existing medical conditions, in relation to the risk of infection, as well as the persistence and severity of symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection. A total of 10,426 cases and 10,426 matched controls were included in the final analysis. Among the infected individuals, 963 (9.24%) reported persistent symptoms, while 773 (7.41%) experienced moderate-to-severe clinical manifestations. Occasional alcohol consumption, presence of comorbidities, tea and coffee intake, overweight status, and a longer interval since the last vaccination dose were all significantly associated with increased odds of infection (OR > 1, FDR < 0.05). Conversely, weekly alcohol consumption and smoking were associated with a decreased risk (OR < 1, FDR < 0.05). Female sex was significantly associated with both persistent and moderate-to-severe symptoms. Additional risk factors for prolonged or severe symptoms included older age, being underweight or overweight, a history of immunotherapy, coffee consumption, and the presence of comorbidities. These findings underscore the multifactorial nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and highlight the interplay between host characteristics and behavioral factors. The results support the development of personalized prevention strategies aimed at reducing the clinical burden and long-term impact of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Dirofilaria repens</i> in the Spermatic Cord of a 5-Year-Old Boy: A Rare Pediatric Case in Italy.","authors":"Alessandro Franzò, Andrea Marino, Benedetto Maurizio Celesia, Roberto Bruno, Pieralba Catalano, Sebastiano Cacciaguerra, Stefano Reale, Bruno Santi Cacopardo, Giuseppe Nunnari","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070184","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10070184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the case of a 5-year-old boy from a Sri Lankan migrant family in Catania, Italy, diagnosed with a <i>Dirofilaria repens</i> infection in the spermatic cord. The child presented with pain and swelling in the left inguinal area. Initial evaluation suggested orchiepididymitis, which was treated unsuccessfully with amoxicillin/clavulanate and NSAIDs. As symptoms worsened, torsion of the Morgagni hydatid was considered. An exploratory surgery revealed a firm mass in the left spermatic cord. Histopathological examination of the excised lesion showed fragments of a helminth within a granulomatous inflammatory reaction. Subsequent PCR analysis detected <i>D. repens</i> DNA. The patient fully recovered after surgical excision of the mass. Given the increasing incidence of human dirofilariasis, <i>D. repens</i> should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained subcutaneous or inguinal nodules, especially in patients with a relevant travel history. This case highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures or prolonged antimicrobial therapies. It represents one of the youngest pediatric cases with genital involvement reported in Italy, a country that accounts for half of the cases in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12299199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}