Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Estimating Dengue Outbreak Thresholds in West Africa: A Comprehensive Analysis of Climatic Influences in Burkina Faso, 2018-2024.","authors":"John Otokoye Otshudiema, Watton R Diao, Sonia Marie Wend-Kuuni Ouedraogo, Alain Ngoy Kapete, Laurent Moyenga, Emmanuel Chanda, Tieble Traore, Otim Patrick Ramadan, Alimuddin Zumla","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue, transmitted by <i>Aedes</i> spp. mosquitoes, poses significant public health challenges in Burkina Faso. This study investigated outbreak thresholds, utilizing historical data since 2018 to explore the climatic impacts on dengue transmission and address knowledge gaps.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective ecological study utilized historical and contemporary data from Burkina Faso's Public Health Ministry (2018-2024) to model dengue outbreak thresholds. A combination of epidemic channel analysis, joinpoint regression, climate-disease relationship analysis, and negative binomial regression was employed to provide comprehensive insights into the factors driving dengue outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Principal findings: </strong>The incidence of probable dengue cases remained stable, mostly below 5 cases per 100,000 people, except for a sharp surge in week 40 of 2023, peaking at 38 cases per 100,000. This surge was brief, normalizing by week 47, but coincided with a marked increase in mortality, reaching 90 deaths in week 45. Joinpoint regression identified key thresholds, an alert at 2.1 cases per 100,000 by week 41 and an intervention threshold at 19.1 cases by week 44, providing a framework for timely public health responses. Climatic factors significantly influenced dengue transmission, with higher temperatures (RR = 2.764) linked to increased incidence, while higher precipitation (RR = 0.551) was associated with lower case numbers, likely due to disrupted mosquito breeding conditions. Additionally, intermediate precipitation levels showed a complex relationship with higher incidence rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study established evidence-based epidemiological thresholds for dengue outbreak detection in Burkina Faso (2018-2024), demonstrating temperature as a primary transmission driver while precipitation showed inverse relationships. Analysis of the 2023 outbreak identified a critical five-week intervention window (weeks 40-45), providing a framework for climate-sensitive early warning systems. These findings advance the understanding of dengue dynamics in West Africa, though future research should integrate geographical and socioeconomic variables to enhance predictive modeling and outbreak preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparative Performance of Klypson 500WG and 2GARD-WP Sprayed on Different Wall Surfaces Against <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> s.l. in Lower Moshi, Northern Tanzania.","authors":"Maua J Mohamed, Deokary J Matiya, Fred D Chibwana, Winfrida Kidima, Aneth M Mahande, Eliningaya J Kweka","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030063","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of insecticide resistance among malaria vector populations poses a significant threat to existing malaria vector control tools. This phenomenon necessitates an increased pace of developing and deploying new effective compounds in insecticides for vector control. Therefore, this study investigated the comparative performance of newly formulated indoor residual spray compounds, Klypson 500WG (Clothianidin alone) and 2GARD-WP (a mixture of Clothianidin 50% and Deltamethrin 6.25%) against <i>An. gambiae</i> in the lower Moshi area of the rural Moshi district, Tanzania. Before the wall cone bioassay tests, the susceptibility of field-collected adult <i>An. gambiae</i> s.l. to 0.75% Permethrin, 2% Klypson 500WG, 0.05% Deltamethrin, and 0.25% Pirimiphos-methyl was assessed following WHO procedures. For the cone-bioassay testing, 160 houses were randomly selected and sprayed with Klypson 500WG and 2GARD-WP. For the walls sprayed with Klypson 500WG and 2GARD-WP, the knockdown rate of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> after 60 min of exposure over six months ranged from 70% to 98%, with mortality rates after 24 to 168 h consistently exceeding 90% across all villages and wall types throughout the six months. The susceptibility of wild-collected mosquitoes to Pirimiphos-Methyl, Permethrin, Deltamethrin, and Klypson 500WG was 61, 81, 86, and 93%, respectively. These findings suggest that Klypson 500WG and 2GARD-WP are suitable alternative insecticides that can be incorporated in the vector control toolbox used for malaria control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Identified in Small Non-Flying Mammals from Southeastern Atlantic Forest, Brazil.","authors":"Maria Isabel Nogueira Di Azevedo, Ana Clara Dos Reis Soares, Camila Ezepha, Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa, Anahi Souto Vieira, Walter Lilenbaum","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030062","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global public health importance caused by bacteria of the genus <i>Leptospira</i>. Small non-flying mammals are important reservoirs of the pathogen. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is a biodiversity hotspot located in a densely populated area and subject to intense degradation. Although documented through serosurveys and the detection of leptospiral DNA in wild small mammals, no study has performed a genetic characterization of the bacteria in the region. The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of pathogenic leptospires identified in small non-flying mammals in the Southeast Atlantic Forest and to perform intraspecific genetic inferences with other hosts. The studied area included five different conservation units. Molecular diagnosis was performed based on the <i>lipl32</i> gene. The SLST typing method was applied based on the <i>secY</i> gene. In total, 56% of samples were <i>lipL32</i>-PCR-positive and identified as <i>L. interrogans</i>, with a high genetic identity among them, distributed in four main haplogroups. The largest haplogroup also included reference sequences from humans, dogs, and urban rats, all belonging to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Our results reinforce the role of small mammals as important carriers of <i>L. interrogans</i> and highlight the Atlantic Forest as a significant environment for the circulation and dissemination of spirochetes with zoonotic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Etiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Community-Onset Urinary Tract Infections in a Low-Resource/High-Resistance Area of Latin America.","authors":"Maria Micieli, Selene Rebecca Boncompagni, Tiziana Di Maggio, Yenny Bertha Mamani Ramos, Antonia Mantella, Ana Liz Villagrán, Carmen Angélica Revollo Yelma, Evelin Esther Fortún Fernández, Michele Spinicci, Marianne Strohmeyer, Lucia Pallecchi, Gian Maria Rossolini, Alessandro Bartoloni","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030064","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common and are typically treated empirically, based on local antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data, which are often scarce in low- and middle-income countries. This study examines the AMR patterns of pathogens causing community-onset (CO) UTIs in the Bolivian Chaco. Urine samples were collected from subjects with suspected CO-UTIs and analyzed by culture techniques. Significant isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility. Additionally, <i>bla</i>_CTX-M and <i>mcr</i> genes were searched for using real-time PCR. A total of 361 CO-UTI episodes were diagnosed among 731 subjects from February 2020 to November 2021. The cases included uncomplicated and complicated UTIs (58.2% and 41.8%, respectively), with females accounting for the majority (85.3%) of cases. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the most prevalent pathogen (86.6%), followed by <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (5.4%) and <i>Proteus</i> spp. (2.2%). Very high resistance rates (>50%) were observed for ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones, high resistance rates (>20%) for amoxicillin-clavulanate, third-generation cephalosporins and gentamicin, while lower resistance rates (<10%) were observed for nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin. The prevalence of <i>bla</i>_CTX-M among <i>E. coli</i> was high (26.7%). Colistin resistance was detected in 3.4% of <i>E. coli</i>, mostly associated with <i>mcr</i> genes. CO-UTIs from this area were characterized by high resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin), highlighting the importance of knowledge of the local epidemiology to inform the selection of appropriate empirical antibiotic regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Profile of HPV Genotypes Among Moroccan Women with High-Grade Squamous Lesions and Invasive Cervical Cancer from Souss-Massa Region.","authors":"Hanane Rogua, Laila Ferrera, Nezha El Mansouri, Mohamed Nejmeddine, Said Chouham","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030061","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes among cervical cancer cases in Moroccan women living in the Souss-Massa region. A total of 155 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical tissue samples were tested for the presence of HPV DNA using a semi-nested PCR assay. HPV genotypes were identified using a direct Sanger sequencing assay. The prevalence of HPV was 85.8%. HPV DNA was found in 87.5% of high squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) cases and 85.7% of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) cases. Ten distinct HPV genotypes were identified, including seven high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes and three low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotypes. Among HR-HPV genotypes, HPV16 was the most prevalent in both HSIL and ICC, detected, respectively, in 42.9% and 55.6% of cases. In ICC cases, HPV18 was the second most common genotype detected, in 10.3% of cases. In addition, HPV31, 33, 35, 45 and 58 were detected in 10.4% of ICC cases. LR-HPV genotypes, namely HPV62, 70 and 87, were detected in 2.4% of ICC cases. Adenocarcinoma (ADC) accounted for 4.1% of ICC cases, with HPV 16 and HPV 18 identified in 60% and 40% of these cases, respectively. Overall, our findings show that the genotypes covered by the bivalent and nonavalent HPV vaccines account, respectively, for 65.4% and 74.6%. These results highlight the importance of introducing HPV vaccination and primary HPV testing for mass screening in Morocco in order to effectively prevent and manage cervical cancer and ultimately save women's lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Specific Immune Responses Mediate Host Specificity in Hookworm Infections.","authors":"Andrea Langeland, Catherine A Jackson, Elise L McKean, Hajar Errahmani, Damien M O'Halloran, John M Hawdon","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030060","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hookworm infections affect 500-700 million people worldwide and can lead to chronic conditions, such as malnutrition and anemia. The challenge of managing these infections is heightened by the absence of effective vaccines and the potential for anthelmintic resistance to develop. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular interactions between the parasite and host is vital for unraveling the complexities of infection dynamics. This study aimed to identify the immune system components responsible for host specificity in hookworms by infecting immunodeficient mouse models. Findings herein indicate that innate immunity is essential in protecting against <i>Ancylostoma ceylanicum</i> establishment in mice. Significant differences in parasite development were noted in mice lacking the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (<i>Stat6</i>^-), with female mice reliant on this Th2 pathway for protection. Secondary infections in female <i>Stat6</i>^- mice and an immunodeficient NSG mouse reached patency, demonstrating that immunodeficient mice fail to develop protective immunity against subsequent infections, similar to human hookworm infections. In contrast, no parasite development was observed in mice infected with <i>A. caninum</i>, highlighting that the survival strategies of this species are independent of the host immune landscape. These results underscore the complexity of host-parasite interactions and point to new directions for therapeutic strategies, which may differ between sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Chen et al. Transcriptome Analysis of <i>Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus</i> Larvae Exposed to a Semi-Lethal Dose of Vermistatin. <i>Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.</i> 2025, <i>10</i>, 31.","authors":"Junhui Chen, Zhiyong Xu, Feiying Yang, Jian Yang, Wendong Kuang, Jianghuai Li, Yaqi Wang, Liang Jin","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030059","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Respiratory Viral Infections Among Adult Patients in Edirne, Turkey.","authors":"Sebnem Bukavaz, Kultural Gungor, Merve Köle, Galip Ekuklu","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10020058","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10020058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of viral agents identified by Multiplex PCR in acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) patients at Edirne Sultan 1, Murat State Hospital, from April 2023 to April 2024, and to investigate the relationship between monthly average humidity and viral positivity rates. <b>Methods:</b> The study included 764 adult patients (aged 18 and older) diagnosed with influenza symptoms. Respiratory viral samples were collected and analyzed for COVID-19, influenza A and B, and RSV using Multiplex PCR, with results evaluated retrospectively. Continuous variables in the study were compared using a <i>t</i>-test, and categorical variables were compared with a chi-square test. A logistic regression analysis was performed for the analysis of COVID-19. In this analysis, PCR positivity was the dependent variable, while age, gender, and humidity level served as independent variables. <b>Results:</b> COVID-19 PCR positivity was detected in 142 patients (18.6%), with INF-A (influenza A) in 13 (3.7%), INF-B (influenza B) in 15 (4.2%), and RSV in 2 (0.6%). Higher humidity (over 60%) was associated with reduced viral PCR positivity rates for COVID-19 and influenza B, while low (up to 40%)/normal (40-60%) humidity correlated with positivity rate (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for both). Logistic regression analysis indicated that high humidity levels offer protection against COVID-19 (OR: 0.356; 95% CI: 0.245-0.518). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study provides essential epidemiological data by summarizing monthly virus distribution in Edirne.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Air Quality and Socioeconomic Conditions on Respiratory Disease Incidence.","authors":"Mustfa Faisal Alkhanani","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10020056","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10020056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective:</b> Air pollution poses significant risks to global public health and has well-established links to respiratory diseases. This study investigates the associations between air pollution markers-Air Quality Index (AQI), ambient ozone, and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)-and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and tuberculosis. It also examines how socioeconomic factors such as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, tobacco prevalence, and healthcare expenditure influence these relationships. This study includes data from 27 countries, thereby offering a global perspective to inform public health interventions and policy reforms. <b>Methods:</b> Data on average air pollution levels, respiratory disease incidence, and socioeconomic factors were collected from publicly available sources spanning four years. The 27 countries included in the study were selected to represent a broad range of pollution levels, income brackets, and geographical regions. Statistical analyses were performed using Python 3.12.0 to explore the relationships between these variables. <b>Key Findings:</b> AQI and NO₂ levels were significantly associated with increased incidences of COPD and tuberculosis, with rates rising especially during periods of heightened pollution. Conversely, ambient ozone exhibited inconsistent relationships with respiratory diseases, heavily influenced by socioeconomic factors. Higher GDP per capita and healthcare expenditure were linked to improved management of infectious diseases like tuberculosis, though they also corresponded with higher reporting of chronic conditions such as COPD. Tobacco smoking emerged as a critical risk factor for COPD across all regions. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study underscores the strong associations between air pollutants and respiratory diseases, particularly tuberculosis and COPD, with socioeconomic factors significantly influencing these relationships. Reducing air pollution and improving healthcare systems, particularly in low-income regions, are essential to mitigating the global burden of respiratory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of Pathogens Carried by Imported Flies and Cockroaches at Shenzhen Ports.","authors":"Siqi Zhang, Chunzhong Zhao, Guoping Liu, Liwei Guo, Ran Zhang, Junyu Yan, Jianan He, Cheng Guo","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10020057","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10020057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tested the efficacy of xenomonitoring using contaminated flies and cockroaches at ports in Shenzhen by analysing sample data from imported flies and cockroaches from October 2023 to April 2024 to identify the pathogens they carried. Among all the samples of flies and cockroaches collected, <i>Musca domestica vicina</i> and <i>Blattella germanica</i> accounted for the highest proportion, 27.59% and 66.47%, respectively. Their positive rates for carrying <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were also the most significant, reaching 4.35% and 6.47%, respectively. The imported flies and cockroaches mainly came from Asia, with the highest proportion coming from Hong Kong, at 97.71% and 92.11%, respectively. Metagenomic sequencing indicated that the pathogens carried by the flies and cockroaches from different regions of Asia were generally similar but showed some differences. Flies from Southeast Asia, East Asia, South Asia, and West Asia and cockroaches from Southeast Asia, East Asia, and West Asia harboured unique opportunistic pathogens capable of causing gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in humans. Specifically, flies carried pathogens such as <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>, <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>, <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>, and <i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i>, while cockroaches carried <i>B. fragilis</i>, <i>Clostridium tetani</i>, and <i>Bacillus cereus</i>. Our findings provide data support for future risk assessments of pathogens carried by imported vectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}