Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Cosma et al. Leishmaniasis in Humans and Animals: A One Health Approach for Surveillance, Prevention and Control in a Changing World. <i>Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.</i> 2024, <i>9</i>, 258.","authors":"Claudia Cosma, Carla Maia, Nushrat Khan, Maria Infantino, Marco Del Riccio","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030074","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Error in Figure</b> [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized Treatment as Prevention Plus Focused Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Is the Key to Controlling HIV/AIDS.","authors":"Julio S G Montaner, Viviane D Lima, Kate A Salters, Junine Toy, Jeffrey B Joy, Silvia Guillemi, Rolando Barrios","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030075","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment as Prevention (TasP) and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) are both widely recognized as essential biomedical tools to control HIV/AIDS. TasP calls for the immediate initiation of fully subsidized and supported antiretroviral therapy (ART) following HIV diagnosis. TasP effectively prevents progression to AIDS, and premature AIDS-related deaths among people living with HIV (PLWH), and simultaneously renders HIV non-transmissible, thus preventing onward HIV transmission. In addition, PrEP has proven effective against HIV transmission among high-risk individuals who are adherent to the regimen. PrEP traditionally consists of two antiretrovirals given orally as one pill daily: originally, tenofovir-DF plus emtricitabine (TDF-FTC), and later, tenofovir-AF (TAF) plus FTC (more recently, other options have become available, including long-acting parenteral formulations; however, these are still of limited availability). Over the last two decades, the province of British Columbia has rolled out TasP among all PLWH, and starting in 2018, PrEP was added as a strategy to reach individuals most at risk of acquiring HIV to further accelerate progress in addressing HIV/AIDS as a public health threat. Our \"generalized TasP + focused PrEP\" program proved to be synergistic (or multiplicative) as it relates to reducing the HIV effective reproduction number (Re). TasP lowers HIV incidence by reducing the pool of individuals able to transmit HIV, which is dependent on the extent of community plasma viral load (pVL) suppression. Meanwhile, PrEP reduces the number of potential new infections among those most susceptible to acquiring HIV in the community, independent of viral load suppression among PLWH. Our results strongly support widespread implementation of the combination of \"generalized TasP + focused PrEP\" strategy and underscore the importance of long-term monitoring of Re at a programmatic level to identify opportunities for optimizing TasP and PrEP programs. This approach aligns with the United Nations goal of \"Ending HIV/AIDS as a pandemic by 2030\", both in Canada and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streamlining Preparedness: A Practical Pathway to Special Pathogens Management.","authors":"Sarah Irene Brown, Priya Dhagat, Aishani V Aatresh, Saoirse Bodnar, Syra Madad","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030072","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Managing special pathogens cases, also known as high consequence infectious diseases, presents unique challenges for healthcare systems. It requires thorough planning and comprehensive operational protocols, as well as an appreciation of how human and organizational factors influence readiness. Based on the outcomes from a full-scale Ebola Virus Disease exercise at New York City Health and Hospitals (NYC Health + Hospitals), this paper presents a checklist of considerations to promote healthcare facility preparedness for special pathogens and to minimize gaps between protocol design and real-world implementation. This approach not only strengthens compliance with the new Joint Commission requirements but also provides a replicable framework for enhancing special pathogens preparedness within other healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Statins Affect Viral Infections Encountered by International Travelers?","authors":"Chinmay T Jani, Christian Mouchati, Nour Abdallah, Ruchi Jani, Loukas Kakoullis, Lin H Chen","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030073","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statins are among the most frequently prescribed medications. In addition to their well-established effectiveness in lowering total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, statins have been described to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and have been associated with improved endothelial functions. Given the common use of statins, we sought to evaluate the effect of statins on some viral infections encountered by residents in tropical areas or by international travelers. A literature search was performed in PubMED/MEDLINE focusing on keywords that included statins and the viruses of interest, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, yellow fever, dengue, Zika, tick-borne encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever viruses, hepatitis A, norovirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, measles, and herpesviruses; findings were synthesized for each virus into a summary. The effects of statins on viral infections vary depending on the specific virus. While some studies indicate potential benefits in chronic HBV and HCV infections, evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 and influenza remains inconclusive due to mixed findings from observational studies and randomized controlled trials. The role of statins in other viral infections is largely unexplored, with preclinical data available for only a few viruses. Given the conflicting evidence, further prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are warranted to elucidate statins' role in viral infections, particularly in modulating inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and immune responses. Future research should aim to define the optimal patient populations, target viruses, statin types, and treatment durations that may confer benefits in specific viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of Infectious Disease Prevalence Studies to Inform Public Health Decision-Making in the Samoan Islands: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Beatris Mario Martin, Alison Brown, Filipina Amosa-Lei Sam, Aifili Tufa, Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Colleen L Lau","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030071","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted a systematic review of infectious disease (ID) prevalence studies in the Samoan Islands from 2000 to 2024 and aimed to synthesise the prevalence of IDs, the purpose of the studies, and the potential utility of survey results for informing public health decision-making. We searched five academic databases, the Western Pacific Region Index Medicus, and grey literature up until April 2024. English language publications of ID surveys in American Samoa and Samoa were included. Each study's aim, design, and prevalence results were extracted and categorised by disease and data sources. We identified 46 publications reporting the prevalence of 15 different IDs; 42 publications (91%) reported data from 31 original surveys, of which three (9%) investigated the prevalence of multiple IDs. Twenty-eight (62%) publications primarily aimed to report prevalence to inform public health interventions. Samples from one survey, initially conducted for leptospirosis, were subsequently tested to confirm transmission, describe prevalence, and investigate risk factors for seven other diseases. We emphasise the valuable contribution of prevalence studies in supporting evidence-based public health interventions. The extensive prevalence studies in the Samoan Islands illustrate the need for adopting integrated multipathogen approaches to surveillance to reduce costs, document burden, and generate actionable insights to support evidence-based decisions to prevent, control, and eliminate infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of Immunodiagnostic Tests in Localized Versus Disseminated Tuberculosis-A Systematic Review of Individual Patient Data.","authors":"Michael Eisenhut, Shagun Shah, Ozge Kaba, Manolya Kara, Murat Sütçü, Kyoung-Ho Song, Hong Bin Kim, Maoshui Wang","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030070","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our objective was to perform a systematic review of individual patient data comparing immunodiagnostic test sensitivity in patients with localized versus disseminated tuberculosis who are from high- and less-than-high-income countries. In a systematic review of individual patient data, we compared IGRA results and characteristics of patients with disseminated tuberculosis with IGRA results and characteristics of patients with localized tuberculosis. Data were extracted from Pubmed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, analyzed and presented following the PRISMA-IPD and STROBE statements. We identified 52 patients with localized and 105 with disseminated tuberculosis. Immunodiagnostic tests in localized tuberculosis from high-income countries were positive in 88.8% and in 67.3% of patients with disseminated tuberculosis (<i>p</i> = 0.034). In patients from less-than-high-income countries, the sensitivity of immunodiagnostic tests was not significantly lower with disseminated tuberculosis. Patients with disseminated tuberculosis were significantly younger and had a higher rate of microbiological confirmation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that rate of microbiological confirmation was associated with a negative IGRA. Disseminated tuberculosis may be associated with a reduced sensitivity of IGRA in high-income countries and this may be related to a higher bacterial load with a negative IGRA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process Evaluation of Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Trials of Digital Adherence Technologies for Tuberculosis Treatment Support: A Mixed-Method Study in Five Countries.","authors":"Norma Madden, Amare W Tadesse, Chung Lam Leung, Bianca Gonçalves Tasca, Jason Alacapa, Natasha Deyanova, Nontobeko Ndlovu, Nontobeko Mokone, Baraka Onjare, Andrew Mganga, Kristian van Kalmthout, Degu Jerene, Katherine Fielding","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030068","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital adherence technologies (DATs) could improve the person-centeredness of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. DATs are found to be acceptable, though evidence of their effectiveness is varied. Our objective was to understand the fidelity of DAT interventions within five cluster-randomized trials. Two DATs (smart pillbox, medication labels) were assessed, with real-time adherence data available to healthcare providers (HCPs) on a digital platform in Ethiopia, the Philippines, South Africa, Tanzania, and Ukraine. A framework assessed four components of implementation: inputs (training, support, mobile access), processes (SMS, home visits, platform usage), outputs (DAT engagement, manual dosing), and outcomes (people with TB (PwTB)-HCP relationship). Fidelity was evaluated by quantitative indicators, and content analysis of qualitative sub-studies supplemented some indicators. Engagement with DATs was high among PwTB. Pillbox users showed high levels of sustained engagement (box opening), with digitally recorded doses ranging from 82% to 91%. Differences were observed in login frequency by HCPs to the adherence platform. In Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Ukraine, there was at least one login to the platform on 71% of weekdays per facility compared with the Philippines and South Africa at 42% and 52%, respectively. Intervention fidelity varied among countries, suggesting a need for future work on optimizing implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"18-Fluorine-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Computer Tomography Imaging in Melioidosis: Valuable but Not Essential.","authors":"Joshua Bramwell, Natalia Kovaleva, Joshua J Morigi, Bart J Currie","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030069","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melioidosis is an endemic tropical disease caused by <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>. It typically causes pulmonary disease and bacteraemia but can disseminate to cause multi-organ disease. 18-F FDG PET/CT has an evolving role in diagnosing other infectious diseases, especially where the pathogen or extent of infection is challenging to elucidate clinically and with conventional imaging (CT, US and MRI). We present a case series of patients diagnosed with melioidosis who also underwent 18-F FDG PET/CT from December 18th 2018 to September 30th 2022. Indications for imaging were categorised and analysed as to whether 18-F FDG PET/CT changed management over conventional imaging. Twenty-one 18-F FDG PET/CT scans were performed for sixteen patients. Two scans (9.5%) performed for pyrexia of unknown origin changed management in both cases. Twelve scans (57.1%) performed to ascertain the extent of dissemination of melioidosis changed management in only three (25%) cases. Five scans (23.8%) performed to monitor the response to treatment of known foci changed management in all five cases. Five scans (23.8%) performed for suspected or known malignancy changed management in three (60%) cases. 18-F FDG PET/CT is an emerging tool which improves diagnosis and changes the management of melioidosis when applied judiciously and for well-selected indications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syndemic Factors Associated with Zika Virus Infection Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Cohort of Women Living in Endemic Areas for Arboviruses in Northeast Brazil.","authors":"Ligia Kerr, Carlos Sanhueza-Sanzana, Marto Leal, Italo Aguiar, Kasim Allel, Moisés H Sandoval, Cristiane Cunha Frota, Marco Túlio Aguiar, Adriano Ferreira Martins, Livia Dias, Rosa Livia Freitas de Almeida, Francisco Herlânio Costa Carvalho, Francisco Gustavo Silveira Correia, Roberto da Justa Pires Neto, Fernanda Montenegro Araújo, Shirlene Telmos Silva de Lima, Leda Maria Simões Mello, Lucas de Lima Nogueira, Terezinha do Menino Jesus Silva Leitão, Maria da Glória Teixeira, Jeni Stolow, Guilherme Loureiro Werneck, Ivo Castelo Branco Coelho, Ronald Blanton, Ana Zaira da Silva, George W Rutherford, Carl Kendall","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030067","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We sought to explain the seroprevalence of Zika Virus (ZIKV) as a syndemic of socioeconomic, environmental, and health factors in a cohort of women living in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cohort study comprising 1498 women between 15 and 39 years of age followed up in two waves between February 2018 and August 2019. Two questionnaires addressed the arbovirus's socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral aspects and participants' arbovirus infection history. Blood samples were collected to detect IgM and IgG for ZIKV, chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and dengue virus (DENV), and RT-PCR for ZIKV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline prevalence for ZIKV was 43% (95%CI: 40.5, 45.6), increasing to 44.7% in the following period (95%CI: 42, 47.1). We found a prevalence of 44.1% among women having one syndemic factor, 49.9% for those having two, and 58% for women having three or more factors. Women reporting a single syndemic factor resulted in higher odds of acquiring ZIKV (OR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.2-2.4). There were increased adjusted odds among women having two or three or more factors (OR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.6-3.1; OR = 2.9, 95%CI: 2.0-4.3, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tailored interventions targeting syndemic conditions, such as the co-circulation of urban arboviruses and poor living conditions, are crucial to improving the burden produced by ZIKV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Syphilis Infection and HIV Acquisition and HIV Disease Progression in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Sindhuri Gandla, Raja Nakka, Ruhul Ali Khan, Fatemeh Salboukh, Musie Ghebremichael","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10030065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are highly prevalent in most regions experiencing severe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics. In sub-Saharan Africa, the region most heavily affected by HIV, the prevalence of syphilis among people living with HIV (PLWH) is notably high. This region accounts for 40% of global STIs and 70% of HIV cases. Despite the high prevalence of syphilis and other STIs among PLWH in the region, there are limited studies on the interplay between the two infections from the region. Most studies on the association between syphilis and HIV transmission/progression from the region are limited to specific groups of people, such as female sex workers or pregnant women. In this manuscript, we evaluated the association between the two infections using population-based surveys conducted in the region. Statistical methods (such as logistic regression models and propensity score matching) were employed to assess the interplay between the two infections. Our findings indicated that syphilis infection was associated with higher odds of HIV acquisition. Moreover, co-infection with syphilis was associated with higher odds of HIV disease progression among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated PLWH, though the association did not reach statistical significance. Our findings suggest that the recognition and treatment of syphilis to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition/progression should be a public health priority in sub-Saharan Africa, where ART may not be readily available.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}