Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the Feasibility of Using a Multiplex Serological Assay to Conduct Serosurveillance for Malaria Exposure in Deployed Military Personnel.","authors":"Sidhartha Chaudhury, Jessica S Bolton, Edwin Kamau, Elke S Bergmann-Leitner","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproducibly assessing malaria exposure is critical for force health protection for military service members deployed to malaria-endemic regions as well as for civilians making public health decisions and evaluating malaria eradication efforts. However, malaria disease surveillance is challenged by under-reporting, natural immunity, and chemoprophylaxis, which can mask malaria exposure and lead to an underestimation of malaria prevalence. In this study, we determined the feasibility of using a serosurveillance-based approach to measure Anopheles vector exposure, Plasmodium sporozoite exposure, and blood-stage parasitemia using a multiplex serological panel. We tested post-deployment samples obtained from U.S. service members returning from regions with malaria risk to assess the potential of this serosurveillance panel. The results identified that some service members had anti-CSP antibody levels comparable to those found in endemic populations, suggesting exposure to sporozoites while those individuals were on chemoprophylaxis. We also observed isolated cases of anti-MSP1 levels that were as high as those observed in endemic populations and in CHMI studies, suggesting possible cases of clinical or subclinical parasitemia. The study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a multiplex serology approach for conducting serosurveillance for Anopheles vector exposure and Plasmodium parasite exposure in samples collected following military deployments and its potential to support public health policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptomatic Malaria Infection and Hidden Parasitic Burden in Gabonese Schoolchildren: Unveiling Silent Co-Infections in Rural and Urban Settings.","authors":"Patrice Makouloutou-Nzassi, Lady Charlene Kouna, Chérone Nancy Mbani Mpega Ntigui, Neil Michel Longo-Pendy, Judy Armel Bourobou Bourobou, Felicien Bangueboussa, Nick Chenis Atiga, Jean Bernard Lekana-Douki, Larson Boundenga, Sandrine Lydie Oyegue-Liabagui","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010011","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of co-infection with malaria and intestinal parasites and assess its association with anemia in school-aged children from rural and urban settlements in Gabon. This cross-sectional study involved afebrile school children recruited at schools between May and June 2021. Blood and stool samples were collected from participants whose parents or legal guardians provided informed consent to participate in the study. Hemoglobin concentration (Hb) was measured using a HemoCue photometer (HemoCue 201, HemoCue, Angelholm, Sweden). Giemsa-stained blood films were examined to detect malaria parasites and any filarial infections, while the merthiolate-iodine concentration (MIC) method was used to identify intestinal parasitic infections (IPI). A total of four hundred and seventy (470) school-aged children were successfully enrolled in this study. The observed prevalence values were as follows: malaria infection at 69.6%, IPIs at 19.1%, filaria at 5.1%, <i>Schistosoma</i> infection at 15.0%, and anemia at 29.0%. Co-infections of malaria with IPIs, filaria, and <i>Schistosoma</i> were present in 12.3%, 4.7%, and 6.6% of the children, respectively. Malaria and filaria infections were associated with residing in Lastourville city (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and were also correlated with age (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas IPIs were associated with male gender and living in the city of Lastourville. Anemia was linked to malaria infection (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and was more prevalent among children living in rural areas. The findings of this study indicate that malaria, IPIs, and <i>Schistosoma</i> infections continue to pose a significant public health problem in the study area, even though only malaria infection appeared to be associated with anemia. Nevertheless, these results highlight the need for implementing control measures to reduce the prevalence of malaria, IPIs, filaria, and <i>Schistosoma</i>, particularly in Lastourville.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazilian Gold Miners Working Irregularly in French Guiana: Health Status and Risk Determinants.","authors":"Amanda Figueira da Silva, Vivian da Cruz Franco, Maylis Douine, Hermano Gomes Albuquerque, Louise Hureau, Alice Sanna, Pamela Mosquera Atehortua, Rafael Dos Santos Pereira, Simone da Silva Santos, Paola Barbosa Marchesini, Gustavo Bretas, Margarete do Socorro Mendonça Gomes, Yann Lambert, Martha Cecília Suárez-Mutis","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010012","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brazilian garimpeiros are a highly hard-to-reach and mobile population, with little access to basic hygiene and health services, and have been crossing the border to work irregularly in gold mines in French Guiana since the 1990s. This study aimed to characterize this population and identify their main health problems. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the municipality of Oiapoque-AP, with two surveys: before (2018) and after (2019) the implementation of Malakit. Individuals were recruited from resting places and given a questionnaire regarding demographic variables, history and knowledge of malaria, and health issues in the mines. Simultaneously, a clinical evaluation was performed. The garimpeiros were mainly men from Maranhão, Pará, and Amapá, with a low educational level and who had worked on average for 10 years in the mining sites. The study population mentioned numerous health problems: malaria, followed by leishmaniasis, flu, body aches, headaches, and digestive problems. Other diseases mentioned were skin diseases, bat bites, hepatitis, and HIV infection. This vulnerable population is constantly subjected to heavy routines and exposed to different diseases and infections that can spread across borders. Knowledge of this is essential for developing public health policies that can be integrated into specific epidemiological situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculous Osteomyelitis of the Scapular Spine Revealing HIV-1 Infection.","authors":"Khaoula Idsaid, Malika Idalene, Khadija Danaoui, Wiam Ait Driss, Rania Elfargani, Nabila Soraa, Noura Tassi","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010008","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis is no longer confined to developing nations; it persists as a significant contributor to illness and death on a global scale. The subtle clinical manifestation and association with human immunodeficiency virus infection poses obstacles for early diagnosis and management. Tuberculosis manifesting at extrapulmonary sites is relatively rare. We herein present the case of a 26-year-old patient from Cameroon with a history of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis treated in 2008, who had been taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The patient presented with right shoulder pain of an inflammatory type. The case was diagnosed as tuberculous osteomyelitis of the scapular spine, complicated by a deltoid abscess. Diagnosis was confirmed using computed tomography and the MTB/RIF GeneXpert test on the abscess puncture. This rare form of tuberculosis with an exceptional site revealed a HIV infection with profound immunosuppression. The patient was initiated on anti-tubercular treatment according to Moroccan recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabies Disease and Prophylaxis Knowledge Among Turkish Medical Students: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Vasfiye Demir Pervane, Pakize Gamze Erten Bucaktepe, Fatma Meral İnce, Dicle Demir, Simanur Koç","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010009","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabies is a fatal infectious disease that can be prevented with vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of rabies knowledge among medical faculty students. This cross-sectional study included students in the medical faculty of a university hospital. The level of rabies knowledge was evaluated with a questionnaire evaluating 70 parameters. A total of 892 students participated in this study. Medical students knew that dogs and cats transmit rabies at high rates (96.9% and 87.4%, respectively) but understood less about other animals. Pregnancy (45.2%), being >65 years of age, having a chronic disease, and being immunosuppressed were indications for rabies vaccine, with rates between 31.4 and 37.4%. In total, 64.3% of respondents stated that the nearest health center should be approached to seek medical care, without first touching the wound. While indications for vaccination were correctly reported to be high after bites or scratches (74.2-94.6%), such indications were considered to be lower for other types of contact (46.2-66.6%). Indications for rabies immunoglobulin administration were correctly recognized at rates between 15.9% and 57.8%. Overall, the mean rabies knowledge level was 41.82 (Max. score 70). There was a statistically significant relationship between the total and subgroup rabies knowledge scores and class level, having taken a rabies course, a history of dog bites among the respondents or their family members, and possessing information about rabies. It was determined that the rabies knowledge levels among the students were insufficient. Having received lessons about rabies or a history of being bitten by an animal with suspected rabies were found to be important factors for increased knowledge about rabies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Acceptability and Feasibility of Five Cycles of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Côte d'Ivoire.","authors":"Orphée Kangah, Issaka Zongo, Alassane Haro, William Yavo","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a strategy recommended by the World Health Organization for children aged 3-59 months in the Sahel and sub-Sahel regions where malaria transmission is seasonal. In Côte d'Ivoire, malaria remains a high priority and accounts for the majority of consultations and deaths in children under five. The recent revision of the criteria for the introduction of seasonal malaria chemoprevention has made the north of Côte d'Ivoire, where malaria transmission is seasonal, eligible for the SMC. We conducted a pilot study in this part of the country to assess the acceptability and feasibility of five cycles of SMC in 1701 children. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine + amodiaquine (SP + AQ) was administered monthly to eligible children over five months. A qualitative approach and quantitative surveys were used to assess the strategy acceptability and feasibility in the study area. Overall, there was a positive perception, attitude, and adherence towards the seasonal malaria chemoprevention in this study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Onchocerciasis Elimination Measures in Africa: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Policarpo Ncogo, Christine Giesen, María Jesús Perteguer, Maria P Rebollo, Rufino Nguema, Agustín Benito, Zaida Herrador","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010007","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that the WHO has set out to eliminate. To reach this elimination target, a number of challenges must be met, and the essential measures set out in the road map for NTDs 2021-2030 must be implemented. More than 99% of infected people live in 31 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Our objective was to assess the impact of onchocerciasis interventions in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A systematic peer review of the existing literature following the PRISMA guidelines was performed between November 2021 and April 2022. We selected studies on onchocerciasis control measures in Africa since the implementation of the first Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) measures in 1974. All scientific articles indexed in the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and CENTRAL databases written in Spanish, English, French, German, and Portuguese were considered. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 63 articles met the inclusion criteria and were finally selected. Publications were found from 19 out of 31 African endemic countries. The main intervention retained in the different published studies was mass distribution of ivermectin (<i>n</i> = 51). According to our results, 11 African countries have managed to interrupt transmission of onchocerciasis in at least one area in the country; 11 countries have not achieved this goal, while 1 country has managed to eliminate the disease, but it has resurged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Control interventions showed a positive impact on the fight against onchocerciasis, demonstrating that these activities are effective. Nevertheless, they were not sufficient to achieve the proposed goals for a variety of reasons. Therefore, different aspects should be considered in order to fulfil the targets proposed by the WHO to be reached in 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Analysis and Socio-Environmental Determinants of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area in Northeastern Brazil.","authors":"Natan Diego Alves de Freitas, Lucas José Macedo Freire, Suely Ruth Silva, Nilton Guedes do Nascimento, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010006","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The urbanization process has led to significant changes in the landscape, shifting the epidemiological profile of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil. Dogs are considered the main urban reservoir of VL, whose infections precede cases in humans. In order to understand the socio-environmental determinants associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), we conducted a spatial analysis of CVL cases in northeastern Brazil from 2013 to 2015, georeferencing 3288 domiciled dogs. We used linear mixed models to understand the ecoepidemiological determinants of CVL spatial relative risk (CVL SRR). Our findings indicate heterogeneity in CVL distribution, with 1 km diameter clusters potentially connected within an estimated 4.9 km diameter by the Ripley-K statistic. In our best-fit model, the CVL SRR was positively correlated with the proportion of households with literate heads, with trees, and with open sewage, but negatively correlated with vegetation phenology and mean income of the census sector. Here, we discuss the potential maintenance source of urban CVL clusters on a One Health framework. These findings highlight the complex interplay of socioeconomic and environmental factors in shaping the spatial distribution of CVL.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Hunan Province, China.","authors":"Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Archie C A Clements, Zuhui Xu, Liqiong Bai, Kefyalew Addis Alene","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010003","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a major public health challenge in China, with varying treatment outcomes across different regions. Understanding the spatial distribution of DR-TB treatment outcomes is crucial for targeted interventions to improve treatment success in high-burden areas such as Hunan Province. This study aimed to map the spatial distribution of DR-TB treatment outcomes at a local level and identify sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with poor treatment outcomes in Hunan Province, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A spatial analysis was conducted using DR-TB data from the Tuberculosis Control Institute of Hunan Province, covering the years 2013 to 2018. The outcome variable, the proportion of poor treatment outcomes, was defined as a composite measure of treatment failure, death, and loss to follow-up. Sociodemographic, economic, healthcare, and environmental variables were obtained from various sources, including the WorldClim database, the Malaria Atlas Project, and the Hunan Bureau of Statistics. These covariates were linked to a map of Hunan Province and DR-TB notification data using R software version 4.4.0. The spatial clustering of poor treatment outcomes was analyzed using the local Moran's I and Getis-Ord statistics. A Bayesian logistic regression model was fitted, with the posterior parameters estimated using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1381 DR-TB patients were included in the analysis. An overall upward trend in poor DR-TB treatment outcomes was observed, peaking at 14.75% in 2018. Deaths and treatment failures fluctuated over the years, with a notable increase in deaths from 2016 to 2018, while the proportion of patients lost to follow-up significantly declined from 2014 to 2018. The overall proportion of poor treatment outcomes was 9.99% (95% credible interval (CI): 8.46% to 11.70%), with substantial spatial clustering, particularly in Anxiang (50%), Anren (50%), and Chaling (42.86%) counties. The proportion of city-level indicators was significantly associated with higher proportions of poor treatment outcomes (odds ratio (OR): 1.011; 95% CRI: 1.20 December 2024 001-1.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found a concerning increase in poor DR-TB treatment outcomes in Hunan Province, particularly in certain high-risk areas. Targeted public health interventions, including enhanced surveillance, focused healthcare initiatives, and treatment programs, are essential to improve treatment success.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Incorporating Actellic^® 300 CS into Soil Wall Plaster for Control of Malaria Vectors in Rural Northeastern Uganda.","authors":"Tonny Jimmy Owalla, Emmanuel Okurut, Kenneth Ssaka, Gonsaga Apungia, Barbara Cemeri, Andrew Akileng, Basil Ojakol, Mark J I Paine, Hanafy M Ismail, Thomas G Egwang","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010004","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10010004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and the use of insecticide-treated bednets for malaria vector control have contributed substantially to a reduction in malaria disease burden. However, these control tools have important shortcomings including being donor-dependent, expensive, and often failing because of insufficient uptake. We assessed the safety and efficacy of a user-friendly, locally tailored malaria vector control approach dubbed \"Hut Decoration for Malaria Control\" (HD4MC) based on the incorporation of a WHO-approved insecticide, Actellic^® 300 CS, into a customary hut decoration practice in rural Uganda where millions of the most vulnerable and malaria-prone populations live in mud-walled huts. Three hundred sixty households were randomly assigned to either the HD4MC (120 households), IRS (120 households) or control group without any wall treatment (120 households). Entomological indices were assessed using pyrethrum spray catching, CDC light traps and human landing catches. The Actellic^® 300 CS toxicity on acetylcholinesterase activity among applicators of HD4MC was evaluated using the Test-mate (Model 400) erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) test V.2, whereas toxicity in household occupants was monitored clinically. The Actellic^® 300 CS level in house dust was analyzed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Entomological indices were compared between the three study arms at 1.5, 3 and 6 months post-intervention. HD4MC- and IRS-treated huts had a significantly reduced malaria vector density and feeding rate compared to control huts. There was no significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity at 1.5 and 24 h post exposure. Actellic^® 300 CS exposure did not result in any serious adverse events among the household occupants. In conclusion, HD4MC was safe and had comparable efficacy to canonical IRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}