Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"The First Cases of Imported Leprosy in Romania After More than Four Decades of Absence of New Cases.","authors":"Violeta Briciu, Mihaela Lupşe, Adrian Baican, Bogdan Fetica, Angela Monica Ionică, Georgiana Coroiu, Mirela Flonta, Andreea Jodal, Vladimir Filip, Oana Stan, Dana Marcu, Andrada-Luciana Lazar, Carmen Varodi, Corina Baican","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080217","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although in Romania an increase in migrant population has been reported in the last years, there are no screening programs for infectious diseases implemented for migrants. We report the first two cases of leprosy (Hansen's disease) since 1981 and the first imported ones in Romania, in two sisters originating from Indonesia, employed as massage therapists at a SPA center. Case one was diagnosed with multibacillary Hansen's disease of mid-borderline type, and case two with paucibacillary Hansen's disease borderline tuberculoid form based on epidemiological, clinical, histopathological and molecular diagnosis. Both patients have started multidrug therapy with dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine provided by WHO. Both patients developed dapsone induced anemia under therapy, even though no G6PD deficiency was present, and dapsone was stopped. The clinical evolution of skin lesions was favorable under therapy, and the haemoglobin level started to increase after dapsone was stopped. This publication underlines the risk of importing rare diseases in Romania and in other European countries and the delay in diagnosis due to insufficient awareness among occupational medicine doctors. Improved strategies are needed at national level in order to increase awareness on rare imported infectious diseases and introduce screening programs in migrant population from high-risk areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving Hepatitis C Micro-Elimination in a High-Burden Province of Thailand: The Phetchabun Model.","authors":"Wijitra Phaengkha, Pornjarim Nilyanimit, Nungruthai Suntronwong, Jiratchaya Puenpa, Duong Hoang Huy Le, Saranya Ngamnimit, Pattama Janpathip, Lapasrada Kamput, Kawin Thongnoi, Wanalee Toomta, Phatcha Wohanklong, Jarunlak Saokeaw, Niphapornt Thammajit, Suwannee Rerngleum, Ananyalak Yoisara, Nitiya Srisuk, Jidapa Suwannachat, Anchalee Karagate, Rujipat Wasitthankasem, Yong Poovorawan","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080215","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization targets hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination as a public-health threat by 2030. Phetchabun province, in lower northern Thailand, has historically reported one of the country's highest HCV seroprevalence rates. We describe a province-wide, decentralized test-to-treat micro-elimination program implemented within Thailand's universal health-coverage system. Adults aged 35-64 years (2020-2024) and individuals born before 1992 (late 2023) across all 11 districts were screened using fingerstick anti-HCV rapid diagnostic tests at sub-district health-promoting hospitals. Reactive participants underwent confirmatory HCV-RNA testing at three regional nodes. Eligible patients received pangenotypic sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for 12 weeks, with ribavirin added for cirrhosis. Sustained virological response at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12) was the primary outcome. Of 400,567 targeted individuals, 389,547 (97.3%) were screened; 18,340 (4.71%) were anti-HCV reactive. Confirmatory HCV-RNA testing was completed in 14,845 (80.9%), of whom 10,996 (74.1%) had active infection. Of 8961 treatment-eligible patients, 8842 (98.7%) received DAA therapy. Among 6719 evaluable for SVR12, 6474 (96.4%) achieved cure. This simplified, domestically financed, decentralized test-to-treat model achieved WHO-target-level diagnosis, treatment, and cure rates at provincial scale, offering a scalable framework for HCV micro-elimination in low- and middle-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the Frontiers of Tuberculosis Prevention: Moving from Targeted Preventive Therapy to Integrated Public Health Strategies.","authors":"Kannamkottapilly Chandrasekharan Prajitha, Anam Anil Alwani, Pruthu Thekkur","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080214","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide despite major advances in diagnostics, treatment, and programmatic control. Achieving the goals of the World Health Organization End TB Strategy requires a greater emphasis on prevention alongside improvements in diagnosis and treatment. This viewpoint examines evolving priorities in TB prevention and highlights key insights from studies included in the Special Issue 'New Perspectives in Tuberculosis Prevention and Control'. The articles published in the Special Issue highlight the importance of identifying populations at increased risk of infection, disease transmission, and disease progression; strengthening the implementation of tuberculosis preventive treatment among household contacts and people living with HIV; and addressing the behavioral, social, and structural determinants that influence access to TB prevention and care. They also demonstrate persistent challenges related to medicine availability, healthcare worker capacity, patient initiation and follow-up, program monitoring, and the implementation of preventive interventions in resource-constrained settings. Emerging developments in diagnostics, biomarkers, vaccines, and digital health may contribute to the longer-term TB prevention agenda but require further evaluation of their feasibility, affordability, and programmatic relevance. Collectively, the evidence indicates that effective TB prevention extends beyond individual biomedical interventions and requires coordinated approaches involving healthcare systems, communities, surveillance systems, and social support mechanisms. Continued investment in implementation research, health-system strengthening, program management, economic evaluation, and multisectoral action will be critical to translate existing evidence into sustainable, equitable, and context-specific strategies for reducing the global burden of TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Successful Cross-Agency Model for Collaborative Response to Imported Infectious Disease: Investigation and Management of the First Confirmed Clade Ia Mpox Case in Shanghai, China.","authors":"Zilian Cao, Fang Xu, Xiaoyan Huang, Yifeng Shen, Xin Xin, Lin Ai, Hao Pan, Huanyu Wu","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080212","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Historically, human infections with clade Ia monkeypox virus (MPXV) primarily occurred through zoonotic transmission with limited secondary human-to-human transmission. Recent studies suggest increasing evidence of human-to-human transmission of some clade Ia lineages. This report documents the first imported clade Ia mpox case in Shanghai, representing the second documented case in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patient demographics, clinical profiles, epidemiological history, and close contacts were obtained through interviews with the patient and attending physicians. Clinical specimens were collected for real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and whole-genome sequencing. Contact tracing was implemented, involving a 21-day health monitoring of close contacts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient presented with moderate symptoms, including fever, rash, and respiratory manifestations. Genome sequencing identified the virus as clade Ia, showing 99.96% nucleotide identity to a strain from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Eight close contacts were identified with no secondary infection reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case was confirmed as an imported clade Ia mpox case originating in the DRC. The \"four JOINTs\" cross-agency collaborative mechanism between the CDC and customs played a significant role in effectively stopping local transmission. Challenges in remote investigation highlight the need for stronger international collaboration. Establishing an integrated \"early warning-control-tracking\" system, coupled with public health intervention, is crucial for reducing importation risks and safeguarding national health security.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current and Emerging Diagnostic Approaches for Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV: Challenges and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Guillermo Eduardo Cuéllar-Nevárez, José Rafael Linares Morales, Luis Arturo Camacho Silvas, Sandra Guadalupe Chavarría Hidalgo, Guadalupe Virginia Nevárez-Moorillón, Karla Elva Loza Solano","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080213","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in whom immunosuppression often results in atypical clinical manifestations, paucibacillary disease, extrapulmonary involvement, and disseminated forms that complicate timely diagnosis. This narrative review summarizes current and emerging diagnostic approaches for TB-HIV, with emphasis on their diagnostic performance, clinical applicability, implementation challenges, and potential integration into future algorithms. Conventional methods, including sputum smear microscopy, mycobacterial culture, and chest radiography, remain relevant but have important limitations in people living with HIV (PLHIV), particularly in advanced immunosuppression. Rapid molecular tests, especially Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, have improved early detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and rifampicin resistance, although diagnostic gaps persist in sputum-scarce and extrapulmonary disease. Non-sputum-based tests, particularly WHO-recommended urine LF-LAM and emerging next-generation assays such as FujiLAM II, offer important opportunities for severely ill patients and those with advanced HIV disease. Host-derived biomarkers, transcriptomic signatures, and artificial intelligence-assisted chest imaging may further strengthen screening, triage, and diagnostic prioritization. Integrated, context-adapted diagnostic algorithms combining microbiological, molecular, urinary, imaging, and host-response tools are needed to improve early TB detection and reduce mortality in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Infectious Disease Preparedness in Rome: The Lazio Regional Network During the 2025 Jubilee.","authors":"Gaetano Maffongelli, Andrea Bongiovanni, Alessandra D'Abramo, Erica Binetti, Laura Scorzolini, Claudia Palazzolo, Gabriella De Carli, Alessandro Agresta, Francesco Vairo, Emanuele Nicastri","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080211","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2025, Rome hosted the Catholic Jubilee, recording over 33 million cumulative pilgrim attendances while simultaneously facing the death of Pope Francis, the election of Pope Leo XIV, and a regional West Nile Virus (WNV) outbreak. This commentary describes the Lazio Region's preparedness strategy, based on adapting an existing Hub-and-Spoke infectious diseases network integrating surveillance with Regional Service for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Control of Infectious Diseases (SERESMI) laboratory support, telemedicine, and clinical management. Preparatory measures included an additional Hub, updated syndromic pathways, multidisciplinary coordination, and enhanced surveillance. Emergency department visits increased by 14.8%, while the proportion of infectious syndromes remained stable. This experience highlights the potential value of strengthening existing healthcare networks for mass gathering preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oviposition Activity and Ecological Patterns of Medically Important Culicidae in an Agroforestry System in the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","authors":"Júlia Dos Santos Silva, Cecilia Ferreira de Mello, Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva, Amanda Queiroz Bastos, Ana Laura Carbajal-de-la-Fuente, Thamires Rezende Araújo, Jeronimo Alencar","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080210","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding mosquito diversity in natural environments under anthropogenic influence or undergoing vegetation recovery is essential for comprehending potential behavioral changes and adaptations in the activity patterns of these populations. Within this context, this study aimed to investigate the oviposition activity, seasonal abundance, hatching dynamics, and sex ratio of medically important Culicidae species using ovitraps as an entomological surveillance tool, with special attention to <i>Haemagogus leucocelaenus</i>, <i>Aedes terrens</i>, and <i>Aedes albopictus</i>, and to analyze their distribution within an agroforestry area. The study was conducted at Sítio Terra Boa, a rural property managed under an agroforestry system, in the municipality of Silva Jardim, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between August 2021 and June 2025. Ten ovitraps were installed at a height of approximately 2 m above ground level and randomly distributed around an area cultivated with açaí (<i>Euterpe oleracea</i>) and peach palm (<i>Bactris gasipaes</i>). Collections were conducted monthly, and the paddles were replaced and subsequently sent to the laboratory for analysis. The 47-month study provided valuable data regarding the ecology of these species in an agroforestry environment. <i>Haemagogus leucocelaenus</i> was the dominant species throughout the study, and mosquito abundance peaked during the warmer months, particularly from December to April. The results revealed seasonal fluctuations in populations, species-specific oviposition patterns in response to environmental changes, displacement of sylvatic species such as <i>Hg. leucocelaenus</i> toward anthropized areas, and the expansion of urban vectors such as <i>Ae. albopictus</i> into forest matrices. The higher abundance of <i>Hg. leucocelaenus</i> in the ovitraps suggests that this species may persist in agroforestry areas; however, comparative studies across different landscape types are needed to evaluate its ecological adaptation. The coexistence of <i>Haemagogus</i> and <i>Aedes</i> species within the same forest fragment under anthropogenic interference reinforces the need for continuous entomological surveillance in these environments. These findings contribute to understanding vector ecology in recovering Atlantic Forest environments and provide support for future control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Neonatal Tetanus in Mogadishu, Somalia: Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes-First Report from a Tetanus Referral Centre.","authors":"Mohamed Mukhtar Mohamed, Rukia Abukar Abdi, Mohamed Ahmed Ali, Mohamed Abdirahman Jama, Rahma Yusuf Haji Mohamud","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080208","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Tetanus remains a life-threatening yet preventable disease, with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries. Data on non-neonatal tetanus in Somalia, particularly from referral centres managing severe cases, are limited. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with non-neonatal tetanus in Mogadishu, Somalia. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective observational study was conducted at Madina Hospital between July 2024 and January 2026. All patients with clinically diagnosed non-neonatal tetanus presenting to the Emergency Department were included. Data on demographics, clinical features, management, complications, and outcomes were extracted from medical records. Continuous variables were summarized as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range), while categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Associations were assessed using Fisher's exact test, with <i>p</i> < 0.05 considered statistically significant. <b>Results:</b> A total of 50 patients were included (mean age 22.24 ± 15.49 years; 84.0% male). Most patients were unvaccinated (80.0%), and severe or very severe disease was present in 64.0% of cases. Generalized muscle spasm was the most common presentation (50.0%). Dysautonomia (42.0%) and respiratory failure (18.0%) were the most frequent complications. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 26.0%, with respiratory failure accounting for 69.2% of deaths. Mortality was significantly associated with disease severity (<i>p</i> < 0.001), complications (<i>p</i> = 0.006), antibiotic category (<i>p</i> = 0.043), and vaccination status (<i>p</i> = 0.0265). <b>Conclusions:</b> Non-neonatal tetanus in this referral-based setting is associated with high mortality, predominantly affecting young, unvaccinated individuals presenting with advanced disease. Disease severity and complications, particularly respiratory failure, are the main drivers of outcomes. Strengthening adult immunization, improving early recognition and referral, and expanding access to critical care are essential to reduce tetanus-related mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Moyo et al. Profiling HIV Risk and Determined, Resilient, Empowered AIDS-Free, Mentored, and Safe (DREAMS) Program Reach Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) in Namibia: Secondary Analysis of Population and Program Data. <i>Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.</i> 2025, <i>10</i>, 240.","authors":"Enos Moyo, Endalkachew Melese, Hadrian Mangwana, Simon Takawira, Rosalia Indongo, Bernadette Harases, Perseverance Moyo, Ntombizodwa Makurira Nyoni, Kopano Robert, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080209","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria Coinfections Worldwide: An Umbrella Systematic Review of Prevalence and Epidemiological Patterns.","authors":"Víctor Juan Vera-Ponce, Jhosmer Ballena-Caicedo, Holly E Delgado-Toro, Adriana Mishell Yoplac-Oyarce, Lily Mabel Portal-Valqui, Fiorella E Zuzunaga-Montoya","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11070206","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11070206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria coinfections with other infectious agents represent a clinically relevant epidemiological challenge, but evidence remains fragmented across individual systematic reviews. This umbrella systematic review synthesized review-level evidence on the prevalence and epidemiological patterns of concurrent malaria coinfections in human populations. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and LILACS/BVS were searched for systematic reviews published from 1 January 2000 to March 2026. Risk of bias, certainty of evidence, and primary-study overlap were assessed using ROBIS, an adapted GRADE framework for prevalence evidence, and citation-matrix/corrected-covered-area methods, respectively. Twenty-one systematic reviews were included, of which 16 contributed meta-analytical prevalence estimates. Among acute-pattern coinfections, review-level prevalence estimates ranged from 3.0% (95% CI: 2.0-5.0) for malaria-influenza to 21.7% (95% CI: 18.7-25.1) for malaria-Ebola virus disease. Among chronic or persistent-pattern coinfections, estimates ranged from 6.0% (95% CI: 4.0-7.0) for malaria-hepatitis B to 50.0% (95% CI: 28.0-72.0) for malaria-human African trypanosomiasis; the latter reflects Plasmodium positivity among patients with human African trypanosomiasis and should not be interpreted as a population-level prevalence. Sub-Saharan Africa was the most represented region. Certainty of evidence was generally low or very low, largely because of substantial heterogeneity, diagnostic variability, geographic concentration, and overlap among some source reviews. Malaria coinfections are clinically and epidemiologically relevant in endemic settings, but available prevalence estimates should be interpreted as context-dependent review-level summaries rather than globally comparable burden estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13417142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}