Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"A Five-Year Malaria Prevalence/Frequency in Makenene in a Forest-Savannah Transition Ecozone of Central Cameroon: The Results of a Retrospective Study.","authors":"Joël Djoufounna, Roland Bamou, Juluis V Foyet, Laura G Ningahi, Marie P A Mayi, Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio, Timoléon Tchuinkam","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed9100231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Understanding the epidemiological features of malaria is a key step to monitoring and quantifying the impact of the current control efforts to inform future ones. This study establishes the prevalence and frequency of malaria in a forest-savannah ecozone for 5 consecutive years in Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted in 3 health centers of Makenene from 2016 to 2020, a period covering the second long-lasting insecticide net mass distribution campaign. Malaria infectious records were reviewed from laboratory registers. The difference in exposure to malaria was estimated using a regression logistic model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 13525 patients underwent malaria diagnostic tests, with a general malaria prevalence of 65.3%. A greater prevalence of malaria was observed in males (68.39%) compared to females (63.14%). The frequency of consultations in health centers was dominated by females, with a gender ratio (M/F) of 0.66. Annual trends in malaria prevalence slightly varied from 2016 to 2020, exceeding 60%: 65.2% in 2016; 66.7% in 2017, 68.1% in 2018, 63.2% in 2019, and 65.3% in 2020, with a significant seasonal variation (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The highest malaria prevalence was observed during the short rainy season, no matter the year. Among positive cases, the most represented age groups were 6-15 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), followed by those under 5, while the age group >25 years was the least represented.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Close monitoring and additional intervention measures for malaria control are needed, as are more studies on vector bionomics and transmission patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Spectrum of Pathogens Associated with Infections in African Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Bassey Ekeng, Olufunke Adedokun, Vivien Otu, Stella Chukwuma, Agatha Okah, Osamagbe Asemota, Ubokobong Eshiet, Usenobong Akpan, Rosa Nwagboso, Eti Ebiekpi, Emmanuella Umoren, Edet Usun","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed9100230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the interplay between infections and severe acute malnutrition is critical in attaining good clinical outcomes when managing malnourished children. However, review studies describing the profile of the associated pathogens in the malnourished African paediatric population are sparse in the literature. We aimed to identify the spectrum of pathogens from studies reporting infections in severely malnourished African children, as well as the antibiotic resistance pattern and clinical outcomes. A systematic literature review of the PubMed database was conducted following PRISMA guidelines from January 2001 to June 2024. The search algorithm was ((marasmus) OR (kwashiorkor) OR (severe acute malnutrition) OR (protein energy malnutrition)) AND (Africa). For a more comprehensive retrieval, an additional search algorithm was deployed: ((HIV) OR (tuberculosis)) AND (severe acute malnutrition). We included 60 studies conducted between 2001 and 2024. Most of the studies were from East Africa (n = 45, 75%) and Southern Africa (n = 5, 8.3%). A total of 5845 pathogens were identified comprising 2007 viruses, 2275 bacteria, 1444 parasites, and 119 fungal pathogens. The predominant pathogens were HIV, <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, and malaria parasites accounting for 33.8%, 30%, and 24.2% of pathogens identified. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was documented in only three studies. Fatality rates were reported in 45 studies and ranged from 2% to 56% regardless of the category of pathogen. This review affirms the deleterious effect of infections in malnourished patients and suggests a gross underdiagnosis as studies were found from only 17 (31.5%) African countries. Moreover, data on fungal infections in severely malnourished African children were nearly absent despite this population being at risk. Thus, there is an urgent need to prioritize research investigating African children with severe acute malnutrition for fungal infections besides other pathogens and improve the availability of diagnostic tools and the optimized usage of antibiotics through the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under-Reporting of Human Leptospirosis Cases in Cities of Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil.","authors":"Mariani Borges Franco, Lara Reis Gomes, Cristina Rostkwoska, Ana Cláudia Arantes Marquez Pajuaba, José Roberto Mineo, Anna Monteiro Correia Lima, Stefan Vilges de Oliveira","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed9100229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by the pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> species through direct or indirect contact with infected animals. Due to protean clinical manifestation in the early stages, leptospirosis is often difficult to distinguish from other common acute febrile illnesses, such as dengue. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of leptospirosis in suspected dengue patients whose serological diagnosis was negative. A total of 449 serum samples from patients (negative IgM-ELISA dengue) with fever, headache, myalgia, and nausea were tested. The Dual-Path Platform (DPP) rapid test developed by the Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil was used for screening IgM antibodies against <i>Leptospira</i> in blood serum, and the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed on samples positive in the DPP for leptospirosis, as well as on an equal number of negative samples. Results: The data obtained from the samples analyzed with the DPP assay showed 26 positive results (5.79%), of which 38.46% were male and 61.54% female, with a mean age of 41 years. We tested 52 samples using the MAT, including 26 reactive for IgM and 26 non-reactive in the DPP assay. Nine samples (17.31%) were reactive, and among them, six also showed reactivity in the DPP assay. Of the six samples reactive in both tests, 66.67% were female, living in urban areas in the city of Uberlândia, with a mean age of 50 years, being 50% white, 33.33% brown, and 16.67% black. The findings demonstrated that leptospirosis cases are underdiagnosed and undertreated in the study population and more attention needs to be paid for ruling out leptospirosis and other pathogens causing acute febrile illness in dengue-endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual Unsatisfactory Treatment in Two Patients with Imported Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.","authors":"Anna Kuna, Romuald Olszański, Beata Szostakowska, Natalia Kulawiak, Ravi Kant, Maciej Grzybek","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed9100227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most commonly diagnosed dermatological condition in travel medicine after diarrhoeal diseases and febrile status. The disease is transmitted by <i>Phlebotomus</i> and <i>Lutzomyia</i> sandflies. It appears in various clinical forms, the most common of which is a painless ulcer with raised edges, usually present on exposed parts of the body on the side where the insect bite occurred. Annually, over a million new cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases are reported globally. We present two cases of affliction, the first occurring in Patient 1, who attempted treatment through the Kambo cleanse in South America, which is considered a toxic, even life-threatening, procedure. It involves the subcutaneous application of a substance dangerous to humans derived from the surface mucus of a frog. Patient 2 applied caustic ointments, a fruitarian diet, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a private setting. After initial therapeutic failures caused by the patients' unconventional treatment ideas, the causal treatment effect was satisfactory, demonstrating the efficacy of these treatments in resolving the infection when applied appropriately. Despite the typical CL presentation in both patients, their self-treatment course was unusual. It is worth noting that alternative, sometimes harmful, self-treatment initiatives by patients may be surprising and ineffective. Promoting knowledge about tropical diseases among travellers and medical staff is crucial to improving treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Infectious Disease Clinical Practice: An Overview of Gaps, Opportunities, and Limitations.","authors":"Andreas Sarantopoulos, Christina Mastori Kourmpani, Atshaya Lily Yokarasa, Chiedza Makamanzi, Polyna Antoniou, Nikolaos Spernovasilis, Constantinos Tsioutis","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed9100228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical medicine marks a revolutionary shift, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic efficacy, and overall healthcare delivery. This review explores the current uses, benefits, limitations, and future applications of AI in infectious diseases, highlighting its specific applications in diagnostics, clinical decision making, and personalized medicine. The transformative potential of AI in infectious diseases is emphasized, addressing gaps in rapid and accurate disease diagnosis, surveillance, outbreak detection and management, and treatment optimization. Despite these advancements, significant limitations and challenges exist, including data privacy concerns, potential biases, and ethical dilemmas. The article underscores the need for stringent regulatory frameworks and inclusive databases to ensure equitable, ethical, and effective AI utilization in the field of clinical and laboratory infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Testing of Environmental Samples as a Potential Source to Estimate Parasite Infection.","authors":"Rojelio Mejia, Barton Slatko, Cristina Almazan, Ruben Cimino, Alejandro Krolewiecki, Natalia Montellano Duran, Jacob Edwin Valera Aspetty, Paola Andrea Vargas, Chiara Cássia Oliveira Amorim, Stefan Michael Geiger, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, Juan David Ramirez, Luz Marina Llangarí-Arizo, Irene Guadalupe, Liliana E Villanueva-Lizama, Julio Vladimir Cruz-Chan, María Leticia Ojeda, Eva Mereles Aranda, Sandra Ocampos Benedetti, Maritza Dalí Camones Rivera, Eddyson Montalvo Sabino, Carlos Pineda, Eric J Wetzel, Philip J Cooper","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed9100226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We discuss the potential usefulness of molecular testing of soil, dust, and water samples to detect medically important parasites, and where such testing could be used to supplement stool sampling in humans. A wide variety of parasites including protozoa and helminths, many of which are zoonotic, have an important infection reservoir in the environment. In some cases, this environmental period is essential for further parasite development. We describe the progress in implementing methods for the molecular detection of these parasites in soil across eight collaborating centers in Latin America and represent a variety of potential applications in improving our understanding of parasite epidemiology and mapping, surveillance, and control of these parasites. This methodology offers new opportunities for improving our understanding of a wide variety of parasites of public health importance and novel tools for their control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial Analysis of Abiotic and Biotic Conditions Associated with Leptospirosis in the Klaten Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Dwi Sutiningsih, Dewi Puspito Sari, Cintya Dipta Permatasari, Nur Azizah Azzahra, Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales, Sri Yuliawati, Nine Elissa Maharani","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed9100225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Klaten Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia, is a leptospirosis endemic area. The purpose of this study is to spatially describe the abiotic and biotic environmental factors that contributed to the incidence of leptospirosis in the Klaten Regency in 2018. This was a descriptive observational with a cross-sectional approach conducted in the Klaten Regency, Central Java, in 2019 with 59 respondents. The results revealed that the percentage of abiotic environmental factors such as poor waste disposal facilities, poor gutter conditions, rivers < 200 m, and flooding history, namely 35.6%, 41.2%, 54.2%, and 6.8%, respectively. The highest leptospirosis cases occurred in April 2018, with 325 mm of rainfall, an average temperature of 27 °C, an average humidity of 82.3%, and an altitude of 100-200 MASL (79.7%). Meanwhile, biotic factors included rat nest existence (100%), having pets at risk (32.2%), and ≥three types of vegetation (79.7%). The main result confirmed that all leptospirosis cases had rat nests throughout the respondent's house. This finding emphasizes the importance of rat pest control programs by establishing cross-sectoral collaboration with the Department of Agriculture and educating the public to also play a role in environmental cleanliness in controlling rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Think Vibrio, Think Rare: Non-O1-Non-O139- <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Bacteremia in Advanced Lung Cancer-A Case Report.","authors":"Andrea Marino, Bruno Cacopardo, Laura Villa, Adriana D'Emilio, Salvatore Piro, Giuseppe Nunnari","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed9090224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9090224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, a Gram-negative bacterium, is widely known as the cause of cholera, an acute diarrheal disease. While only certain strains are capable of causing cholera, non-O1/non-O139 <i>V. cholerae</i> strains (NOVC) can lead to non-pathogenic colonization or mild illnesses such as gastroenteritis. In immunocompromised patients, however, NOVC can cause severe infections, including rare cases of bacteremia, especially in those with underlying conditions like liver disease, hematologic disorders, and malignancies. This case report presents a rare instance of NOVC bacteremia in a 71-year-old patient with advanced lung cancer, illustrating the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment interventions required. The patient presented with fever, asthenia, and confusion, and was found to have bacteremia caused by NOVC, confirmed through blood cultures and molecular analysis. Treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin led to a rapid clinical improvement and resolution of the infection. This case, along with an overview of similar incidents, underscores the importance of considering NOVC in differential diagnoses for immunocompromised patients presenting with fever, and highlights the necessity of timely diagnosis and targeted antimicrobial therapy to achieve favorable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Control of Snail Vectors as an Integrated Part of a Strategy for the Elimination of Schistosomiasis-A Review of the State of Knowledge and Future Needs.","authors":"Amadou Garba Djirmay, Rajpal Singh Yadav, Jiagang Guo, David Rollinson, Henry Madsen","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed9090222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9090222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>WHO promotes the implementation of a comprehensive strategy to control and eliminate schistosomiasis through preventive chemotherapy, snail control, clean water supply, improved sanitation, behaviour change interventions, and environmental management. The transmission of schistosomiasis involves infected definitive hosts (humans or animals) excreting eggs that hatch (miracidia), which infect freshwater snail vectors (also referred to as intermediate snail hosts) living in marshlands, ponds, lakes, rivers, or irrigation canals. Infective larvae (cercariae) develop within the snail, which, when released, may infect humans and/or animals in contact with the water. Snail control aims to interrupt the transmission cycle of the disease by removing the vector snails and, by so doing, indirectly improves the impact of the preventive chemotherapy by reducing reinfection. Snail control was, for many years, the only strategy for the prevention of schistosomiasis before preventive chemotherapy became the primary intervention. Snails can be controlled through various methods: environmental control, biological control, and chemical control. The chemical control of snails has proven to be the most effective method to interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis. The current review aims to describe the vector snails of human schistosomiasis, present the chemicals and strategies for the control of snails, the challenges with the implementation, and the future needs. Snail control can play a key role in reducing schistosomiasis transmission and, thus, complements other interventions for disease control. There is a need to develop new molluscicide products or new formulations and methods of applications for existing molluscicides that would target snail vectors more specifically.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimalarial Mechanisms and Resistance Status of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives.","authors":"Dan Zheng, Tingting Liu, Shasha Yu, Zhilong Liu, Jing Wang, Ying Wang","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed9090223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9090223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artemisinin is an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone isolated from <i>Artemisia annua</i> and is often used to treat malaria. Artemisinin's peroxide bridge is the key structure behind its antimalarial action. Scientists have created dihydroartemisinin, artemether, artesunate, and other derivatives preserving artemisinin's peroxide bridge to increase its clinical utility value. Artemisinin compounds exhibit excellent efficacy, quick action, and minimal toxicity in malaria treatment and have greatly contributed to malaria control. With the wide and unreasonable application of artemisinin-based medicines, malaria parasites have developed artemisinin resistance, making malaria prevention and control increasingly challenging. Artemisinin-resistant <i>Plasmodium</i> strains have been found in many countries and regions. The mechanisms of antimalarials and artemisinin resistance are not well understood, making malaria prevention and control a serious challenge. Understanding the antimalarial and resistance mechanisms of artemisinin drugs helps develop novel antimalarials and guides the rational application of antimalarials to avoid the spread of resistance, which is conducive to malaria control and elimination efforts. This review will discuss the antimalarial mechanisms and resistance status of artemisinin and its derivatives, which will provide a reference for avoiding drug resistance and the research and development of new antimalarial drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}