Tropical animal health and production最新文献

{"title":"Genomic evaluation of productive-life indicators associated with longevity in Girolando cattle under tropical dairy conditions.","authors":"Darlene Dos Santos Daltro, Elisandra Lurdes Kern, Jaime Araújo Cobuci, Renata Negri, Sabrina Kluska, Pamela Itajara Otto, Marco Antonio Machado, João Cláudio do Carmo Panetto, Marta Fonseca Martins, Edivaldo Ferreira Júnior, Fabrício Pilonetto, Marcos Vinicius Gualberto Barbosa da Silva","doi":"10.1007/s11250-026-05336-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-026-05336-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to estimate (co)variance components, heritability, and genetic associations among productive-life indicators related to longevity, productive traits, and fertility traits in Girolando cattle and to explore associated genomic regions. Four productive-life indicators were evaluated: total milk production across all lactations (L1), number of lactations initiated (L2), total days in milk across all lactations (L3), and number of complete lactations (L4). Productive traits comprised 305-d milk yield (MY305) and lactation length (LL), whereas fertility traits comprised age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), and days open (DO). Variance components were estimated under linear animal models using the single-step genomic relationship matrix, using AIREMLF90 from the BLUPF90 suite. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.06 to 0.31 for productive-life indicators, 0.06 to 0.14 for productive traits, and 0.03 to 0.06 for fertility traits. Genetic correlations of productive-life indicators ranged from 0.02 to 0.31 with productive traits and from - 0.03 to 0.13 with fertility traits, indicating stronger associations with productive traits. An exploratory single-step genome-wide association study identified candidate regions for L1 and L3, whereas no SNP met the adopted significance criteria for L4. Because culling and death dates were unavailable, L1, L3, and L4 represent proxies of productive life rather than direct measures of functional longevity; consequently, related inferences remain preliminary. Overall, environmental and management effects substantially influence these indicators. Selection for improved productive life may therefore benefit from indexes combining productive-life indicators with routinely recorded productive and fertility traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productive adaptability of Karan Fries cattle evolved under subtropical environmental conditions in changing climatic scenario.","authors":"Phoebe C Lalremruati, Rani Alex, Vikas Vohra, N S Nidhishree, D S Gurjar, Pradyut Das, Pritam Pal, Karan Mahar, T V Raja","doi":"10.1007/s11250-026-05317-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-026-05317-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change poses significant challenges to dairy cattle production systems, with heat stress causing substantial economic losses through reduced milk yield. Understanding the relationship between heat stress and milk production is crucial for developing adaptive strategies in tropical and sub-tropical dairy farming. This retrospective longitudinal study aimed to model lactation curves, develop resilience indicator traits, and quantify heat stress-induced milk losses in Karan Fries cattle under tropical conditions. Daily milk yield records (n = 417,642) from 1475 Karan Fries cows collected over 35 years (1990-2024) were analysed alongside meteorological data from NDRI, Karnal, India. The Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was calculated and classified into four categories. Multiple lactation curve models (Wilmink, Cobby, and Monophasic) were evaluated, and the best-fitting model was used to estimate expected milk yield. Four resilience indicator traits were developed: number of days in heat stress (NDHS), total milk loss (TML), average milk loss per day (AML), and number of heat stress incidences (NOI). Segmented regression analysis was performed to identify THI breakpoints, and variations of heat stress indicators across months, seasons, lactation stages, and yield categories were evaluated. The Wilmink model demonstrated excellent fit (R²=0.896, RMSE = 0.361 kg). Segmented regression revealed distinct THI breakpoints across yield categories: low yielders (53 and 55), medium yielders (55 and 81), high yielders (60 and 73), and overall population (76 and 81). Animals experienced heat stress for an average of 63.556 days, with total milk loss of 106.232 kg and average daily loss of 1.671 kg/day during the study period. The least squares analysis of variance was performed to study the monthly, seasonal and lactation stage wise variations in the climate resilience parameters. Monthly analysis identified July (NDHS = 13.714 days; TML = 24.329 kg, P < 0.001) and August (NDHS = 13.856 days; TML = 21.577 kg, P < 0.001) as the most critical months. The rainy season showed the highest heat stress impact (NDHS = 37.574 days, TML = 61.001 kg, P < 0.001). Mid-lactation cows were most vulnerable (NDHS = 25.283 days, TML = 40.452 kg, P < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed milk yield decline by 0.061 kg per unit increase in THI (P < 0.001) in overall population, with medium yielders showing the steepest decline (-0.023 kg per unit increase in THI, P < 0.001). These findings indicate that heat stress significantly impacts milk production in Karan Fries cattle, with variation across production levels, months, seasons and lactation stages. The results provide a basis for further investigation into targeted management and breeding strategies for improving climate resilience in tropical dairy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calf bonding and bull presence modify dam-calf behaviors and estrous expression in buffaloes.","authors":"Sanjay Choudhary, M L Kamboj, Shwetambri Jamwal, Pawan Singh, Rodolfo Ungerfeld","doi":"10.1007/s11250-026-05348-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-026-05348-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of different buffalo-calf contact systems on the calf and dam behavior and examined whether buffalo-bull contact enhances estrous behavior in calf-bonded buffaloes. In Experiment 1, 24 buffalo-calf pairs were allocated to three treatments: no buffalo-calf or buffalo-bull contact (NBC-NBB), restricted buffalo-calf contact with fenceline buffalo-bull contact (RBC-FBB), and fenceline buffalo-calf and buffalo-bull contact (FBC-FBB). In Experiment 2, 24 additional pairs were assigned to restricted buffalo-calf contact with no buffalo-bull contact (RBC-NBB) or fenceline buffalo-calf contact with direct buffalo-bull contact (FBC-DBB). Calves in the FBC-FBB (Experiment 1) and FBC-DBB (Experiment 2) stood and achieved first successful suckling (via teat suckling or bottle feeding, depending on group) earlier than calves in other treatments (p < 0.05). These calves also spent more time eating and ruminating across all observation days (p < 0.05). Oral stereotypies (cross-suckling and licking inanimate objects) were nearly absent in fenceline contact calves. Buffalo dams in FBC-FBB and FBC-DBB showed longer eating and resting times from days 1 to 90 (p < 0.05), with higher rumination times on multiple observation days. In Experiment 1, estrous behavior frequencies were higher from day -2 to + 1 in FBC-FBB and RBC-FBB than in NBC-NBB (p < 0.05). In Experiment 2, all estrous behaviors occurred more frequently in FBC-DBB than in RBC-NBB (p < 0.05). In conclusion, calf-mother contact during the colostrum period, followed by fenceline interaction, was associated with reduced abnormal oral stereotypies (cross-sucking and object licking) and behavioral indicators consistent with improved welfare in buffaloes. In addition, the management systems incorporating bull biostimulation were associated with enhanced estrous behavioral expression, with splashed urination identified as a prominent biostimulatory response that may facilitate the identification of receptive females.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prevalence of Anaplasma species infection in domestic small ruminants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Azadeh Rashidimehr, Elaheh Askari, Rasool Mohammadi, Hassan Nayebzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s11250-026-05374-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-026-05374-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaplasma species are obligate intracellular pathogens primarily transmitted by ticks, posing significant threats to livestock health and economic stability worldwide. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the global infection burden of Anaplasma spp. in domestic small ruminants. Three electronic databases were systematically searched for literature published up to 2023, yielding 52 eligible cross-sectional studies evaluating 6,112 goats (31 studies) and 6,671 sheep (40 studies). To prevent diagnostic confounding, datasets were stratified by methodology into serological and molecular (PCR) investigations. In goats, the stratified pooled estimates were 43% for serology and 44% for PCR, demonstrating highly comparable detection frequencies, with macro-geographical trends peaking in Africa (52%), followed by Europe (41%) and Asia (34%). In sheep, serological assays yielded a pooled estimate of 50%, while PCR testing produced a consistent baseline of 46%. A. ovis emerged as the predominant species in both goats (41%) and sheep (45%), whereas the lowest baseline frequencies involved A. capra in goats (19%) and Anaplasma platys in sheep (10%). Exploratory seasonal trends indicated elevated detection rates during warmer months, peaking during autumn for goats (24%) and summer for sheep (26%). However, extreme between-study heterogeneity ([Formula: see text]) persisted across all subgroups, confirming that these pooled estimates represent approximate literature averages influenced by localized variables rather than precise global benchmarks. These insights underscore the necessity for standardized, multi-element One Health surveillance systems to effectively manage tick-borne pathogens in small ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine appeasing pheromone mitigates long-distance transport stress to improve health and growth performance in beef cattle.","authors":"Yue Li, Hai-Peng Wang, Zhong-Qiang Bai, Liang Wang, Xu-Kai Nie, Ting-Ting Xu, Lin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11250-026-05358-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-026-05358-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transportation inevitable in modern beef industry disrupts physiological homeostasis and compromises cattle health. This study evaluated bovine appeasing pheromone (BAP) in alleviating transport-induced dysfunctions. Herein, 120 Simmental crossbred bulls (235 ± 5 kg) underwent a 1402-km transport trial with or without BAP treatment (5 mL topically). Data showed BAP decreased (p < 0.01) serum cortisol and haptoglobin levels on day 1 (D1) and D14 post-transport, with cortisol reduced by 32.99% and 47.09%, and haptoglobin by 51.67% and 53.48%, respectively. Concurrently, BAP lowered (p < 0.05) serum IL-1 (by 57.01%) and TNF-α (by 44.12%) on D1, reduced IL-1 (by 22.24%), IL-6 (by 15.18%), and TNF-α (by 23.29%) on D14, and increased (p < 0.01) IgG by 38.58% on D14. Consequently, BAP facilitated metabolic recovery, elevating (p < 0.01) serum glucose and insulin-like growth factor-1 from D14 to D35. Clinically, BAP reduced (p < 0.01) the incidence and duration of respiratory symptoms, increasing (p < 0.05) total feed intake. In summary, BAP protects beef cattle against transport stress-induced health impairment and growth decline by maintaining physiological homeostasis, offering a highly practical intervention to optimize animal welfare in the modern beef industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soybean silage as a protein-rich roughage for ruminants: recent advances.","authors":"Pachara Srichompoo, Anusorn Cherdthong","doi":"10.1007/s11250-026-05363-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-026-05363-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean silage has gained attention as a protein-rich roughage for ruminants, particularly in tropical regions where high-quality forage resources are limited. Compared with cereal silages, soybean silage provides higher crude protein. However, it is more difficult to ensile due to low water-soluble carbohydrate content, high moisture content, and high buffering capacity. These characteristics can delay pH decline, increase proteolysis, and lead to variable fermentation quality and animal responses. This review synthesizes recent research on soybean silage, with emphasis on forage characteristics, fermentation biology, management strategies, and implications for ruminant performance under tropical conditions. Soybean silage is most effective as a complementary forage rather than a primary energy source, especially when diets supply adequate fermentable carbohydrates to support ruminal nitrogen utilization. Available studies indicate that harvest timing, moisture control, and the use of additives or microbial inoculants strongly influence fermentation outcomes and nutrient preservation. In particular, the rapid establishment of lactic acid fermentation is critical for limiting protein degradation and improve silage stability. Soybean silage is a valuable option for improving local feed self-sufficiency and reducing reliance on imported protein sources, provided that ensiling practices and dietary integration are appropriately managed. Further refinement of fermentation strategies and farm-scale evaluation will be essential to maximize soybean silage for sustainable ruminant production in the tropics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African swine fever (asf) control and repopulation strategies in tropical condition: effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection protocols.","authors":"Shi Ling Soh, Jia Wei Lee, Jia Xin Lee, Michelle Wai Cheng Fong, Peck Toung Ooi","doi":"10.1007/s11250-026-05360-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-026-05360-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) continues to challenge the pig industry worldwide, with persistence in farm environments posing a major obstacle to repopulation. This study evaluated ASFV DNA persistence and farm-level biosecurity practices on pig farms in Malaysia following cleaning and disinfection (C&D) protocols after an ASF outbreak in the farm. A structured biosecurity survey covering 5 domains (personnel entry, farm structure, C&D, carcass disposal management and water source) was conducted across 37 farms, comprising both ASF-affected and unaffected farms, while environmental swab sampling was performed on six ASF-positive farms that had undergone at least 3 months of downtime and intensive decontamination. All swab samples (n = 98) were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). ASFV DNA was detected at five out of six sampled farms, with farm-level positivity ranging from 7.1% (Farm C) to 100% (Farm D), whereas Farm A achieved a completely negative qPCR results across all 25 swabs. Median Ct-values of positive samples ranged from 33.4 (Farm B; IQR 32.4-33.8) to 37.3 (Farm C), and differed significantly between farm (H = 24.83, p < 0.05). Farm B retained significantly lower Ct values than Farm D (p = 0.008) and Farm F (p = 0.002). Although pairwise comparisons between individual farms did not reach statistical significance due to the limited sample size and conservative post-hoc adjustments, the complete absence of detectable ASFV DNA observed at Farm A and near-complete absence at Farm C-the only site utilizing supplemental heat treatment - were both associated with the consistent application of foaming agent (wet cleaning), an explicit drying step, and treated water. These findings provide the first field-based evidence that, under tropical Malaysian conditions, ASFV DNA persists despite rigorous chemical treatment and suggests that the combination of mechanical cleaning, environmental drying, treated underground water and targeted heat application may enhance the reduction of detectable ASFV DNA and strengthen biosecurity for repopulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in animals from Iraq.","authors":"El-Sayed El-Alfy, Ibrahim Abbas","doi":"10.1007/s11250-026-05303-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-026-05303-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in Iraqi animals and birds. Data from 116 Iraqi studies were subjected to various meta-analyses, and all published Iraqi T. gondii-SAG3 and N. caninum-NC5 nucleotide sections were molecularly analyzed. For T. gondii, the pooled prevalence estimates in various animals exceeded the global averages. Cats showed a high seroprevalence (45.2%) and oocyst shedding (16.7%), suggesting a widespread environmental contamination. Sheep and goats exhibited high pooled seroprevalence (46.9% and 47.9%, respectively), and T. gondii DNA was frequently detected in sheep meat and goat milk, indicating their potential zoonotic risk. Nonetheless, limited studies tested T. gondii DNA in blood/tissues of aborted small ruminants, highlighting an important gap. Molecular analysis of 113 T. gondii isolates illustrated the predominance of the clonal types I and III, and their co-circulation among humans, animals, and birds, suggesting active zoonotic transmission. N. caninum displayed a seroprevalence of 12.3% and 8.1% in sheep and goats, respectively. N. caninum DNA was detected in aborted sheep, goats, and equines, highlighting its potential role in animal abortions in Iraq. However, N. caninum role in cattle abortions is unclear, but aborted cattle had a higher pooled N. caninum seroprevalence (21.2%) than non-aborted cattle (15.4%). Nine N. caninum haplotypes were detected across 22 isolates, with a shared haplotype between sheep and goats. These findings suggest the endemic situation of both protozoa in Iraqi animals and emphasize the need for integrated \"One Health\" surveillance to implement effective control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus contamination in traditional buffalo milk supply chain in Bangladesh.","authors":"Salma Chowdhury, Shuvo Singha, Sofia Boqvist, Md Mizanur Rahman, Joel Soares Fillipe, Cristina Lecchi, Md Ahasanul Hoque, Fabrizio Ceciliani","doi":"10.1007/s11250-026-05368-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-026-05368-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The water buffalo population in Bangladesh has increased over the decades, but the milk supply chain infrastructure is still unregulated and poorly controlled. This increases the risk of spreading opportunistic pathogens like S. aureus, a significant public health concern due to its antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation, which shields it from treatment and promotes persistent infection. The present study estimates the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, its antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming ability across Bangladesh's water buffalo milk chain. In addition, risk factors associated with S. aureus were also investigated. One hundred and thirty-two milk samples were collected from three different nodes of the milk supply chain: farm (n = 45), middlemen (n = 42), and collection center (n = 45) from two different farming systems (semi-free-range and smallholder). Thirty (22%) S. aureus isolates from the milk supply chain were confirmed by MALDI-TOF, where the highest number of isolates (n = 12) were identified at the milk collection center than the farm (n = 7) and middlemen (n = 11). All isolates were identified as biofilm producers. The highest number of biofilm producers were observed in the milk collection centers (n = 12). The antimicrobial resistance was found to be highest for ampicillin at 87% (n = 26), followed by penicillin at 83% (n = 25) and erythromycin at 67% (n = 20) respectively. Eight isolates (27%) were considered as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Cleanliness of the milk container at the farm level was associated with S. aureus (p = 0.012) at Fishers' exact test. However, no other variable was found to have a significant association with S. aureus at univariable analysis. In conclusion, the study indicates a high occurrence of resistance and biofilm-producing S. aureus along the buffalo milk supply chain. Implementing a proper supply chain and determining some critical control points are required to attain consumer safety and reduce S. aureus contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary gallnut tannic acid supplementation improves boar semen quality by regulating antioxidant status, hormone secretion, and seminal plasma metabolome.","authors":"Qingwu Shi, Caizai Zhang, Jie Wang, Minglei Yang, Zhijun Luo, Zheng Ao","doi":"10.1007/s11250-026-05354-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-026-05354-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Boar spermatozoa are highly susceptible to oxidative damage, which compromises semen quality. Gallnut tannic acid (GTA) possesses potent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of dietary GTA supplementation on boar semen quality, antioxidant status, hormone secretion, and seminal plasma metabolome. Twenty-eight boars were divided equally into four groups fed a basal diet with 0 (CON), 0.05% (G1), 0.1% (G2), or 0.2% GTA (G3) for 12 weeks. Dietary GTA supplementation significantly enhanced semen quality. At week 12, sperm motility, sperm concentration, total sperm count and effective sperm count were all significantly higher, while the percentage of non-progressive sperm motility was significantly lower, in all GTA-treated groups relative to the CON group (P < 0.05). For ambient-temperature semen preservation at 17 °C, the G2 and G3 groups showed a markedly lower proportion of slowly motile sperm after 24 h of storage, and all GTA groups maintained reduced slow motility after 72 h of storage (P < 0.05), with the 0.2% GTA treatment delivering the strongest protective effect during storage. By week 12, GTA dramatically decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in both serum and seminal plasma (P < 0.05), alongside significantly elevated serum testosterone levels in all GTA groups (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis revealed that GTA supplementation mainly influenced pathways related to energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. In conclusion, dietary GTA supplementation effectively improves boar semen quality and extends the shelf-life of preserved semen by strengthening redox status, boosting testosterone levels, and optimizing seminal plasma metabolic homeostasis. A supplemental dose of 0.2% GTA is recommended as the optimal regimen for boar diets. These findings support GTA as a promising natural nutritional strategy to improve boar fertility in commercial swine production. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the detailed regulatory mechanisms by which GTA modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the gut-reproductive axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}