Tropical animal health and production最新文献

{"title":"Effects of replacing barley grain with corn grain on performance, rumen and blood parameters in dairy cows fed alfalfa hay or corn silage.","authors":"Morteza Nemati, Farzad Hashemzadeh, Mohammad Khorvash, Gholam Reza Ghorbani, Ebrahim Ghasemi, Luiz Felipe Ferraretto, Hassan Rafiee","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04392-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04392-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different grain sources in the diet have shown varying effects on performance of dairy cows. Also, the variability in response to different starch sources is influenced by the type of forage used. This study investigates the combined effects of two forage (alfalfa hay vs. corn silage) and grain (barley vs. corn) sources on dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency, milk production and composition, apparent nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, and ruminal metabolism of dairy cows. Eight second-parity early lactation Holstein cows (63 ± 5 d in milk) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial design. Diets were iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous and were based on either corn (CG) or barley (BG) grains, and corn silage (CS) or alfalfa hay (AH). Diets with CS had more long (108 vs. 68 g/kg DM) and medium particles (369 vs. 331 g/kg DM), and thus, longer mean particle size (5.4 vs. 4.6 mm) compared to diets with AH. Cows fed BG had less DMI and lower actual and energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield than CG-fed cows. The total tract digestibility of starch (952 vs. 987 g/kg) and crude protein (CP) (687 vs. 743 g/kg) were lower in CG cows than cows fed BG. Additionally, cows fed CG tended to have lower ruminal propionate concentrations than those fed BG, suggesting differences in ruminal fermentability between BG and CG. Milk fat content (30.6 vs. 29.2 g/kg) and ECM production (42.6 vs. 40.7 kg/d) tended to be greater in cows fed diets containing AH rather than CS. Furthermore, despite similar nutrient digestibility and total volatile fatty acid production, AH-fed cows had a higher ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio compared to those fed CS. Replacement of BG with CG improved performance by increasing DMI; however, the expected positive effects of substituting CS with AH in BG-based diets may be obscured by the impact of differences in forage particle size (PS). These results indicated that inclusion of CG might be an optimum choice for modulating ruminal condition and enhancing performance compared to BG during early lactation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 3","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and treatment of camel mastitis in Afar, Ethiopia.","authors":"Amare Bihon Asfaw, Getachew Derbew, Alebachew Tilahun","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04385-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04385-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subclinical mastitis is a significant health concern in lactating camels, impacting milk production and pastoral livelihoods. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and document traditional treatment practices among pastoralists in the Afar region, Ethiopia. A total of 384 purposively selected lactating camels were screened using the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and structured interviews were conducted with camel owners. The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 60.2% (231/384), with a quarter-level prevalence of 27.6%. The right hind quarter was the most affected (40.4%). Pastoralists identified various clinical signs of udder infection, locally known as Samoboda, including udder swelling, changes in milk color, teat wounds, and reduced appetite. Traditional treatment practices involved the use of medicinal plants (Moyayto, Abar-haba, and Mus-uurruga), as well as methods such as cleaning with soap and salt, smearing with Darrita (soil), burning, hot metal branding, and manual drainage of swellings. The high prevalence of subclinical mastitis highlights the need for targeted interventions, including improved milking hygiene, routine health screenings, and effective tick control programs to enhance camel health and productivity in pastoral systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 3","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of polymorphisms and genetic diversity studies of interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3) gene in Muturu,White Fulani and N'Dama cattle.","authors":"Abubakar A Mohammed, Michael O Ozoje, John S De Campos, Christian O Ikeobi, Adewale O Talabi, Samuel O Durosaro, Babatunde M Ilori, Johnson A Aderoju","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04356-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04356-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is one of the strongest positional candidate genes implicated in a host of health-related phenotypes such as general disease resistance. The study was carried out to genetically characterize IRF3 gene in, N'Dama, Muturu and White Fulani cattle. DNA was extracted from the blood samples using the Zymo-spin extraction kit. ARLEQUIN 2.0001 software was used to estimate the basic population genetic statistics while DnaSP version 5.10.01 was used to estimate genetic diversity indices and test for deviation from neutrality. A total of 18 and 29 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed using codon code aligner in exons 1-2 and 5-6 of the IRF3 gene respectively in the three cattle breeds after polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. In exons 1-2, the Muturu (MU) possessed the highest value of SNPs (16) and genetic diversity indices, while the N'Dama (ND) possessed the least (1). In exons 5-6, the highest value of SNPs (14) was observed in the White Fulani and the genetic diversity indices was also high while the Muturu had the least. Analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) carried out for the loci under consideration revealed a higher level of variation among populations than within populations. It was therefore concluded that the IRF3 gene had many polymorphisms and was highly diversified in Nigerian cattle breeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 3","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unconventional plant sources as alternative feedstuffs in broiler rabbit nutrition: a scoping review.","authors":"Kegan Romelle Jones, Karuppusamy Sivakumar, Venkatesan Sundaram","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04393-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04393-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabbit meat production offers a sustainable solution to meet the rising demand for protein, particularly in regions abundant in plant biomass. This review explores the potential of forages (legumes and non-legumes), medicinal, herbal, and aquatic plants as alternative rabbit feed sources. These alternatives boost protein, fiber, and bioactive compound content, enhancing productive performance, gut health, immunity, and meat characteristics. Challenges such as nutritional variations due to geographic location, seasonal changes, and processing methods, alongside nutrient-hostile factors and high fiber content, must be addressed. Nonetheless, these plants can be integrated into rabbit diets at levels of up to 10% without compromising animal health, performance, or digestibility. The study emphasizes the feasibility of incorporating alternative forages into rabbit feed, improving resource efficiency and sustainability in rabbit meat production. Notably, research indicates comparable growth performance between rabbits fed unconventional plants and those on conventional diets. Aquatic plants and aromatic herbs emerge as promising alternatives, enhancing growth, nutrient utilization, and carcass characteristics in rabbits. Despite challenges, careful dietary formulation can mitigate risks associated with certain unconventional feedstuffs. This review provides insights into formulating balanced, sustainable rabbit diets, highlighting the need for further research to optimize inclusion levels and mitigate anti-nutritive substances. Exploring unconventional plants as viable alternatives holds promise for enhancing both animal welfare and economic efficiency in the rabbit farming industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 3","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting reproductive performance in Holstein heifers and cows in a hot environment: a time-series analysis.","authors":"Elizabeth Pérez-Rebolloso, José E García, Juan L Morales, María G Calderón, Alan S Alvarado, Ulises Macías-Cruz, Leonel Avendaño-Reyes, Miguel Mellado","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04388-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04388-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to predict the pregnancy rate (PR) and number of services per pregnancy (SP) in a large high-input dairy herd in a prolonged high ambient temperature zone. Also, the impact of climatic conditions on reproductive performance was assessed. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used in data fitting to predict future monthly PR and SP using data from 2014 to 2020. The highest predicted PR for cows was in January (35.3%; 95% CI = 30.5-40.1), and the lowest was in August (12.5%; 95% CI = 7.5-17.6). Temperature-humidity index (THI) and PR were significantly negatively correlated in the same month (r = 0.7) and 2.5 months earlier and 2.5, 5, and 7.5 months later. The predicted highest SP for cows was in September (6.2; 95% CI = 4.8-7.7) and the lowest for March (2.8; 95% CI = 1.3-4.2). The predicted highest PR in heifers was in January (62.2%; CI = 51.6-72.9) and the lowest in May (52.3%; 37.9-66.7). The cross-correlation between THI and PR in heifers was not significantly correlated in the same month, but significantly negative correlations occurred 5, 7.5, and 10 months earlier. SP in heifers were related to seasonality, with the predicted maximum SP occurring in May (1.9; CI = 1.2-2.6) and the minimum in February (1.6; CI = 1.0-2.2). It was concluded that weather strongly influenced the monthly reproductive performance rhythms of Holstein cows and heifers. Also, ARIMA models robustly forecasted reproductive outcomes of dairy cows and heifers in a hot desert climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 3","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creatine kinase levels, carcass, and physicochemical properties of breast meat from traditionally slaughtered village chickens.","authors":"Busisiwe Gunya, Zwelethu Mfanafuthi Mdletshe","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04390-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-025-04390-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the study was to determine the effect of sex, season, and breed on creatine kinase (CK) levels, carcass, and the physicochemical properties of village chickens slaughtered using the transverse neck incision (TNI). One hundred chickens were stratified based on sex, breed, and season and were randomly assigned to different treatment groups to assess their live weight, carcass weight, meat quality, and CK levels. Results indicated that sex influenced live and carcass weights, with cocks (P < 0.05) being heavier than hens. Seasonal variations had a more significant effect on weights and meat quality, with the hot-dry season yielding the highest (P < 0.05) weights and the rainy season the lowest (P < 0.05). Seasonal changes also affected (P < 0.05) pH, meat colour, cooking loss, and drip loss, creatine kinase levels. The Leghorn chickens exhibited the highest (P < 0.05) live weight, and the Australorp had the lowest (P < 0.05). The Orpington breed produced the firmest meat (P < 0.05), whereas the Australorp yielded the tenderest. The study suggests that season and genetic factors significantly influence meat quality in village chickens. Further research is recommended into the nutritional status and muscle fibre composition to enhance meat quality. These findings offer valuable insights for improving slaughter practices and meat production in resource-limited farming systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 3","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation and geographical mapping of enteric methane emission from large ruminants under different production systems in Pakistan.","authors":"Nasir Ali, Muhammad Qamar Shahid, Nisar Ahmad, Syed Ghulam Mohayud Din Hashmi","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04383-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04383-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methane (CH₄) emission estimation from large ruminants reared in different production systems in Pakistan shows that milk producing animals majorly receive forage-based diet that is high in cellulose fiber along with concentrates to meet the nutritional requirement. The variability in diet is linked with different production systems in which animals are reared. The objective of this study was to estimate enteric methane emission (EME) of large ruminants reared in different production systems in Pakistan using IPCC Tier 2 guidelines and statistical models separately for cattle and buffalo. For 90.8 million population of large ruminants, cumulative CH₄ emission was 126.49 CO₂-Eq. (13.86 Gg per day and 5058.9 Gg in 365 days). Cattle shared a percentage of 48.4% with 40.66 CO₂-eq from Punjab and 20.73 CO₂-eq form Sindh province while buffalo shared a percentage of 51.6% with 45.41 CO₂-eq from Punjab and19.69 CO₂-eq from Sindh province. The percent difference in CH₄ production is assumed to be due to a greater number of animals being shifted from rural production system to commercial production system (population) and type of feeding strategies being implemented on these production systems (nutrition). To give mitigation strategies for EME in Pakistan, an accurate large dataset of EME estimates from whole country specifically from smallholder subsistence is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 3","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate analysis of morphometric traits of Malkangiri pony - a heritage germplasm of Odisha.","authors":"Susanta Kumar Dash, Snehasmita Panda, Dillip Kumar Karna, Chinmoy Mishra, G Kalaignazhal","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04386-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04386-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to identify significant morphometric traits in Malkangiri ponies of Odisha through principal component analysis. The data were collected randomly from 200 ponies aged more than five years and 13 morphometric traits alongwith three indices were recorded. The mean height at wither, height at croup, body length, chest girth, punch girth, height at forearm, height at hock, fetlock to coronet, chest width, neck circumference, poll to wither, wither to croup and croup to head of the tail were 126.7 ± 0.39, 122.6 ± 0.29, 107.9 ± 0.2, 122 ± 0.31, 118.6 ± 0.46, 32.15 ± 0.33, 29.12 ± 0.45, 11.61 ± 0.04, 24.43 ± 0.2, 60.4 ± 0.18, 57.4 ± 0.19, 67.54 ± 0.25 and 28.56 ± 0.13 cm, respectively. The mean values for three indices, i.e., body index, length index and body ratio, were 88.49, 85.29 and 1.03, respectively. Phenotypic correlations among most of the morphometric traits were positive and significant. The correlation coefficient ranges from 0.9 to a minimum of - 0.26. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation extracted three principal components, collectively explaining 70.41% of the total variance. The first principal component accounted for the largest proportion of variance (50.57%), characterized by high loadings on height at wither (0.963), body length (0.917), chest girth (0.930), height at forearm (0.930), height at hock (0.885) and height at croup (0.766). The second principal component explained 10.71% of the variance and displayed a high loading on the distance between the croup to head of tail (0.828). Moreover, the third principal component accounted for 9.134% of the variance, represented by the distance from poll to wither (0.787). High communalities for traits in the first principal component underscored their significance in characterizing Malkangiri ponies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 3","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing alternative nonlinear models to characterize growth curves in goats.","authors":"Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04384-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04384-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By applying some alternative nonlinear functions (such as the sinusoidal, Canter, and Lomolino), this study aimed to introduce these functions in research on the weight development of goats using goat growth data from the literature and their comparison with some routinely used growth models such as Monomolecular, Bridges, Janoschek, Von Bertalanffy, Richards, Schumacher, Morgan, and weibull. During the fitting of nonlinear regression curves, model performance was evaluated and model behavior was examined. The data used in this study came from two published articles reporting (i) body weight records on 120 male Beetal goats recorded at monthly intervals from birth to one year of age, and (ii) body weight records of 50 male South African non-descript indigenous goats. The adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error, Akaike's information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion were used to evaluate each model's overall goodness-of-fit to different data profiles. The models typically provided a good fit to the data, as evidenced by the generally high adjusted coefficient of determination values for each model. The selected sinusoidal equation accurately describes the dynamics of goat growth. Among the most effective functions for describing age-related fluctuations in goat body weight was the sinusoidal equation, which was found when comparing growth functions using the fitting criteria. Overall, this study offers implications for advancing research on goat production systems and provides insightful information on the application of alternative nonlinear models, particularly the sinusoidal equation, in modeling goat growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 3","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) leather quality: a systematic review.","authors":"Ndzalo Khosa, Khetho Ratshilumela Nemutandani","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04376-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-025-04376-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leather from the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) is highly valued in global markets due to its durability, distinct texture, and aesthetic appeal. Despite its economic importance, the crocodile industry faces substantial challenges in maintaining the leather quality due to a variety of influencing factors. This study systematically reviews the literature that investigated the genetic, environmental, and management factors that influence the leather quality of Nile crocodiles. A comprehensive search on Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases yielded twenty-four studies published between 1960 and 2023. The analysis shows that genetic diversity and selective breeding programs play an important role in improving skin quality by promoting desirable traits and disease resistance. Environmental factors such as water quality, temperature, and habitat conditions have a substantial impact on skin health, with poor water quality and extreme temperatures contributing to skin diseases and defects. Management practices in crocodile farms should emphasize ideal stocking densities, balanced diets, and regular health screenings, which are essential for minimizing stress, injuries, and infections that degrade leather quality. Comparative studies with other crocodilian species, such as saltwater crocodiles, caimans, and American alligators, revealed both similarities and differences in the factors that influence leather quality, providing useful insights for improving techniques across species. This review adds to the body of knowledge by integrating current studies and providing actionable recommendations for improving Nile crocodile leather quality through improved genetic, environmental, and management practices. Scarcity of studies on crocodile leather remain a challenge. However, future research are needed that will explore longitudinal studies and the establishment of advanced practices to promote sustainable crocodile farming and assure the improved leather quality and industry's profitability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 3","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}