Tropical animal health and production最新文献

{"title":"Role of micronutrients in production and reproduction of farm animals under climate change scenario.","authors":"Akash K Rathod, Yallappa M Somagond, Lokesha E, Amit Kumar, Kanaka K K, K C Nikhil, Sunil E Jadhav, Ganesh N Aderao","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04283-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04283-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change poses significant challenges to livestock production worldwide. Wherein, it affects communities in developing nations primarily dependent on agriculture and animal husbandry. Its direct and indirect deleterious effects on agriculture and animal husbandry includes aberrant changes in weather patterns resulting in disturbed homeorhetic mechanism of livestock vis a vis indirectly affecting nutrient composition of feed and fodder. The nutritional stress (i.e. non-availability of nutrients in the required quantity and quality for particular livestock) is the critical factor affecting livestock performance, productivity, and reproductive efficiency. Nutritional stress may arise from both macro- and micro- nutrient imbalances; however, micronutrients are of paramount importance in climate change context due to their role in various vital functions of body namely, body metabolism, production, reproduction, and health. The micronutrients, minerals and vitamins, when supplied in adequate quantity and proportion aid in mitigating the stress induced by climate change on animals. Here, we tried to discuss the impact of climate change induced stresses on milk production, reproduction, and metabolic acclimation of heat-stressed animals. Furthermore, emphasis is given on the importance of dietary micronutrients management strategies to support livestock health and resilience during changing climatic conditions. By addressing the nutritional needs of livestock, farmers can achieve sustainability and well-being in livestock production under changing climatic condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 2","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and antigenic variability of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains in Egypt.","authors":"Hosein I Hosein, Khaled Abosria, Sherin R Rouby, El-Shaymaa El-Nahass, Asmaa L A Zin Eldin, Samar S Ewies, Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04275-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04275-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) continues to pose a significant threat in Egypt, necessitating thorough analyses of FMD virus (FMDV) outbreaks. This study analyzed 144 suspected FMD cases across 52 animal collections during the years 2017-2018 and 2022. Recurrent FMD outbreaks in vaccinated dairy cattle were investigated. Clinical observation, postmortem examination, and histopathological analysis were conducted. Samples were subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using group-specific in addition to serotype-specific primers, along with direct gene sequencing of the VP1 gene from positive samples, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Signs, postmortem and histopathological lesions consistent with FMD were found. Molecular identification confirmed the presence of serotype A (G-IV topotype), O (O/EA3 topotype), and serotype SAT2 (SAT2/VII/Lib-03 topotype). All detected topotypes were distinct from currently available vaccine strains. Variations in amino acid in the epitopes of the structural protein VP1 were detected. The study highlights the genetic and antigenic variability of FMDV strains circulating in Egypt, indicating potential challenges for vaccine effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 2","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of sunflower cake in lamb diets on meat quality and its fatty acid profile.","authors":"Ana Cláudia da Costa, Alessandra Schaphauser Rosseto Fonseca, Matheus Lima Corrêa de Abreu, Nelcino Francisco de Paula, Joanis Tilemahos Zervodakis, Luciana Kimie Savay da Silva, Quezia Pereira Borges da Costa, Dorival Pereira Borges da Costa, Roberto de Oliveira Roça, Deivison Novaes Rodrigues, Fagton de Mattos Negrão, Luciano da Silva Cabral","doi":"10.1007/s11250-024-04272-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-024-04272-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sunflower cake (SFC) levels (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28% dry matter) in the diet for feedlot lambs on meat quality and its fatty acid profile. Forty crossbreed non castrated hair lambs were fed with experimental diets through 70 days when they were slaughtered and a Longissimus lumborum section were evaluated for physicochemical quality and fatty acid profile. There were no effects of SFC levels (P > 0.05) on chemical composition of meat, except on moisture (P < 0.05) which was quadratically affected by SFC. The fat thickness (EG) was quadratically affected by SFC level (P < 0.05), but cooking losses, meat pH, shear force, loin eye area were not affected by SFC. The saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), total of unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA) and MUFA:SFA ratio were not affected by the inclusion of SFC (P < 0.05), however, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and PUFA:SFA ratio increased linearly (P < 0.05) while saturated hypercholesterolemic (SHC) were quadratically affected (P < 0.05). The SFC promoted a linear decrease on palmitoleic acid in the meat whereas linoleic, cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA were linearly increased (P < 0.05). Taken together, these data suggest that SFC fed up 28% on dry matter basis in lamb diets do not cause negative effects on meat quality and still promote improvement on its quality in health perspective by increasing CLA content.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 2","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian haemosporidian parasites affecting non-descript village chickens in Africa.","authors":"Tlalemasego Matloa, Rulien Erasmus, Maphuti Betty Ledwaba, Dikeledi Petunia Malatji","doi":"10.1007/s11250-024-04250-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-024-04250-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smallholder farmers in most of the rural areas in African countries rear non-descript village chickens for petty cash, food provision and for performing rituals. Village chicken production systems are regarded as low input- low output because the chickens receive minimum care and produce average to less eggs and meat. The chickens receive minimal biosecurity and are often left to scavenge for feed and thus exposes them to potential vector parasites that can transmit parasites such as haemoparasites. Haemosporidian parasites (Haemosporidia, Apicomplexa) are blood parasites infecting avian species, especially chickens. They are transmitted by blood sucking vectors such as biting midges, mosquitoes, black flies and louse flies. Infections are mild to severe causing reproduction, production and health losses such as decreased fertility, reduced body weight and egg production, anaemia and inflammation of vital organs such as the liver and spleen. Haemoparasites infections in chickens can be lowered through controlling vector parasites and the use of antimalarial drugs on exotic chicken breeds. The aim of this review is to characterize the avian haemosporidian parasites affecting non-descript village chickens in Africa, describing their morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity, control and prevention measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 2","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11746955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When agricultural waste are promoted as nutritional sources in rabbit nutrition.","authors":"Ana Carolina Kohlrausch Klinger, Diuly Bortoluzzi Falcone, Geni Salete Pinto de Toledo, Leila Picolli da Silva, Marina de Souza Vencato, Silvio Teixeira da Costa","doi":"10.1007/s11250-024-04270-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-024-04270-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the use of sweet potato vines (SPV) in replacement of alfalfa hay in diets for growing rabbits. For this, data on: performance, composition and color of the meat, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology and economic viability were analyzed. Fifty New Zealand White rabbits were used, weaned at 35 days with a body weight of ± 585 g, for 49 days. The animals were distributed into one of five dietary groups: 0SPV - control diet; 25SPV, 50SPV, 75SPV and 100SPV - diets with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% SPV in replacements for alfalfa hay respectively. The data were subjected to normality testing and analysis of variance, and compared using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The results showed that the inclusion of BBD differed in the initial phase, causing a reduction in consumption, reflecting on the live weight of the animals in the 75SPV and 100SPV treatments. However, in the total experimental period there were no significant changes in daily feed consumption, mass gain and conversion. The SPV caused a decrease in chymotrypsin activity, but did not affect trypsin. However, villus height was lower in 50SPV than in other treatments. No differences were observed in the compositions and color of the muscle. Regarding economic viability, the increasing replacement of SPV linearly reduced costs, reaching 35% in the 100SPV experimental diet. It can be concluded, based on the data studied, that SPV can be used as a replacement for alfalfa hay up to 100% in diets for growing rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 2","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro gas production and rumen fermentation for diets containing increasing levels of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa with or without spirulina.","authors":"M I Meteab, M M Khorshed, Abeer M El-Essawy, M S Nassar, N E El-Bordeny","doi":"10.1007/s11250-024-04262-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-024-04262-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was designed to evaluate the effect of substituting alfalfa hay with graded levels panicum maximum without or with graded levels of spirulina supplementation on rumen fermentation and nutrient degradability. The evaluation was achieved through an in vitro study, rumen fluid was obtained from adult sheep aged 2 years (fed clover hay), immediately after slaughter. Experimental diets were formulated as isonitrogenous and isocaloric and contained 40% forage. Forage composition was altered by substituting alfalfa hay with graded levels of panicum maximum hay, so that treatment diets contained 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the forage from panicum maximum for treatments R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5, respectively. Additionally, each treatment was further supplemented with graded levels of spirulina at the following rates: 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/g. Results indicated that gas production after 24 h per g DM, OM and DDM has a positive linear relationship with spirulina supplementation level (R² = 0.80, 0.83, and 0.93, respectively). The gas production increased by increasing the level of Spirulina. However negative linear relationships were recorded between gas production per g DM, OM, DDM and alfalfa substitution level (R² = 0.97, 0.95, and 0.96, respectively) which the gas production decreased as the substitution level increased. In vitro degradability of dry and organic matter was decreased by the increment of Panicum maximum and Spirulina supplementation levels and vice versa, until 2 mg/g of Spirulina (p < .0001). The addition of Spirulina significantly (p < .0001) increased total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and NH₃ concentration, until 2mg/g, while the addition of Panicum maximum hay significantly increased NH₃ concentration, until it reached at (R4). In conclusion, the substitution of alfalfa hay with graded levels of Panicum maximum hay may be reduce nutrients degradability and gas production while supplementing diets with graded level of spirulina improve degradability and ruminal fermentation parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11735578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the supplementation of autolyzed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) affect the diet digestibility, feeding behavior, levels of blood metabolites, and performance of Dorper × Santa Ines lambs finished in feedlot?","authors":"Bruno Raphael Fasolli Schuh, Amauri Bernardi, Veridiana Lourenço Daley, Sergio Rodrigo Fernandes, José Antônio de Freitas","doi":"10.1007/s11250-024-04268-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-024-04268-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of autolyzed yeast (obtained from culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in sugarcane derivatives) supplementation on diet digestibility, feeding behavior, levels of blood metabolites associated with protein and energy metabolism, and performance of Dorper × Santa Ines lambs finished in feedlot. Twenty-four non-castrated male lambs with an average age of 4 months and a body weight (BW) of 19.49 ± 3.08 kg were allocated to individual pens within a covered and elevated shed. The pens had a slatted floor without bedding suspended 1.8 m above the ground, and an area of 1.5 m². The trial was set out in a completely randomized design with two treatments and twelve replicates each. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without yeast products (Control) or with yeast culture (Yeast, RumenYeast® at 5 g/animal/day). Lambs were fed ad libitum with a total mixed ration (TMR) composed of 400 g/kg of dry matter (DM) of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and 600 g/kg DM of concentrate feed, and contained 146 g/kg DM of crude protein and 2.30 Mcal/kg DM of metabolizable energy. The experiment was conducted over 84 days, with the first 14 days serving as an adaptation period. The subsequent experimental period was divided into two phases to evaluate animal performance (Days 1-63) and DM digestibility (Days 64-70). The supplementation with autolyzed yeast did not affect rumen or fecal pH, the DM digestibility, as well as the feeding behavior of lambs (the time spent on feeding, rumination, water intake, and idleness activities). In addition, yeast supplementation did not alter the serum levels of albumin, creatinine, urea, or level of plasma glucose, resulting in similar animal performance compared to the Control group. The mean values for final BW, DM intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were 37.52 kg, 1.051 kg/day, 0.286 kg/day, and 3.74 kg DM/kg gain, respectively. In the conditions of this study, the supplementation of autolyzed yeast in TMR (5 g/animal/day) does not affect diet digestibility, feeding behavior, blood metabolites, or performance of lambs finished in feedlot. Regarding that metabolic and performance lamb responses were not improved, the supplementation of autolyzed yeast at the tested dose is not recommended. However, it is important to note that markers related to immunity and inflammation were not evaluated in our work, and these should be considered in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managerial factors affecting milking-abilities of Holstein cattle under intensive production system in Egypt.","authors":"E Faid-Allah, Reem S Mourad, E I Saddick, E Eldahshan","doi":"10.1007/s11250-024-04271-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-024-04271-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article aims to explore milking-ability criteria of Holstein dairy cattle under intensive production system in Egypt and investigate some managerial factors that influence them in dairy farms. The data obtained from five herds belong to a commercial intensive production system farm, Egypt. Data included 3509 records. The values of mean ± SD (CV%) of the milking-ability criteria for Holstein dairy cattle as follow: daily milk yield, kg (dmy), milking duration, min (MD), peak flow rate, kg min^-1 (PFR), average flow rate, kg min^-1 (AFR), AFR^0:15 s of milking, AFR^15:30 s of milking, AFR^30:60 s of milking, and AFR^60:120 s of milking were 30.34 ± 6.76 kg, (22.27%); 4.16 ± 0.79 min (19.06%); 3.62 ± 0.79 (21.77%); 0.28 ± 0.11 (39.48%); 1.40 ± 0.49 (36.37%); 1.26 ± 0.50 (39.95%); and 1.96 ± 0.71 (36.05%), kg min^-1, respectively. The milking-time (a.m./p.m.) and the herds' men influenced significantly (P ≤ 0.01) on dMY, and milking-ability criteria. In addition, there was a significant effect (P˃0.05) of cows' dry-period on dMY, MD, PFR and AFR. Also, it was clearly appearing that there was a dramatic significant decrease in daily milk yield and AFR by increase mastitis infection times. Milking-ability criteria in Holstien cattle may be go better via good management, hygiene, and well-trained herds' men. The cubic models are higher in determination coefficient (p ≤ 0.05) than linear models for the curve estimates through the time of lactation period for studied traits. The curve of milk yield and milking-abilities were inconstant all over lactation period.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142966784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-ensiling pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels and molasses with berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) alters fermentation quality, nutrient composition, ruminal fermentation and methane production in buffalo bulls in-vitro.","authors":"Mariam G Ahmed, Samir Z El-Zarkouny, Adham A Al-Sagheer, Eman A Elwakeel","doi":"10.1007/s11250-024-04259-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-024-04259-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pomegranate peels are an industrial by-product high in sugar and phytochemical content and pose an environmental concern. Meanwhile, ensiling legume forage such as berseem is difficult due to its lower dry matter content and water-soluble carbohydrate-to-buffering capacity ratio, which leads to a poor fermentation process. To date, no studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of co-ensiling pomegranate peels with berseem. Thus, silage quality was evaluated after co-ensiling of berseem (control) with 50, 100, and 200 g/kg pomegranate peels or 50 g/kg molasses for 0, 15, 30, and 45 days (Experiment 1). Further, rumen nutrient degradation, methane production, and rumen fermentation parameters were evaluated in vitro (Experiment 2). Pomegranate peels (200 g/kg) and molasses reduced silage pH compared to control (4.41 or 3.79 vs. 5.02), ammonia-N (2.66 or 3.14 vs. 13.39 g/kg N), and butyric acid (0.05 or 0.1 vs. 0.96 g/kg DM) however, dry matter (323.5 or 283.6 vs. 212.8) and non-fiber carbohydrates (264.8 or 351.8 vs.136.9 g/kg) were increased, respectively. Pomegranate peels and molasses significantly (P < 0.05) increased rumen nutrient degradation and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased methane and ammonia-N production (Experiment 2). The chemical composition of silage, in-vitro rumen fermentation, and silage quality parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated. Pomegranate peels and molasses have potentially improved silage quality and positively influenced rumen fermentation parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11711153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance, carcass traits, meat composition, digestibility coefficients and caecal microbiota of growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with a herbal mixture.","authors":"Diaa E Abou-Kassem, Elwy A Ashour, Khalid M Mahrose, Islam M Youssef, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Ayman A Swelum, Mohamed E Abd El-Hack","doi":"10.1007/s11250-024-04249-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-024-04249-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study investigates the effect of dietary herbal mixture (HM) levels on growing New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits' performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemicals, and microbiological characteristics from 5 to 13 weeks of age. In this study, 96 New Zealand White rabbits (male and female ratio 1:1) were used, and they were five weeks old. The rabbits were at random allocated into four experimental groups (n = 24 each) comprising 12 replicates, each with two rabbits. The 1st group acted as the control and received feed without additional supplements. The 2nd group received 0.30% HM, the 3rd group received 0.50% HM, and the 4th group received 0.70% HM. As the concentration of the herbal mixture extract was raised, the inhibitory zones grew significantly. The addition of HM to rabbit diets at a 0.5% concentration significantly increased body weight and weight gain compared to the control diet and other treatments. The apparent digestibility coefficient of ether extracts and the rabbits' capacity to absorb lipids significantly increased with increasing HM levels up to 0.7%. In addition, the HM increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreased triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the blood. Interestingly, when rabbits were fed varying amounts of HM, all types of bacteria significantly declined, yet helpful lactic acid bacteria increased. In conclusion, HM supplementation improved rabbit growth, blood parameters, and gut microbial balance, with a 0.5% level yielding the best results, indicating that HM has significant potential as a novel feed supplement for growing rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}