Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Association of Body Mass Index with Chronic Conditions and Procedures in General Medicine Clinics at an Academic Health Center","authors":"J. Jackson, L. Wendt, P. Eyck","doi":"10.33425/2639-944x.1236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944x.1236","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Determine the prevalence of obesity in an adult patient population at an academic health center, and determine the association between body mass index (BMI) with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary stent placement, joint replacement, and spinal fusion procedures stratified by age and sex. Methods: Patient age, sex, BMI, and disease conditions/procedures for 51,435 adult patients seen since 2015 at either the family medicine clinic or general internal medicine clinic were obtained from the electronic health record using ICD-10 codes. A logistic regression analysis was performed with and without adjusting for the impact of age and sex. Odds ratios were calculated using both the adjusted and unadjusted models. Results: The percentage of patients with a BMI in the healthy weight range, overweight range, and obesity categories was 28.5%, 31.3%, and 40.2%, respectively. The percent of adult patients with obesity steadily increased with age and peaked in the 49-54 age group at 49.5% for women and 46.9% for men, and then decreased with age. The odds ratios (both adjusted and unadjusted) indicated that individuals with greater BMI measurements are at significantly greater risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.096), hypertension (odds ratio 1.097), coronary stent (odds ratio 1.051), and joint replacement (odds ratio 1.051), while no statistically significant relationship between spinal fusion and BMI was identified (odds ratio 1.014). Conclusions: Our findings support the increasingly high prevalence of obesity in American society, the significant associations of obesity with chronic conditions and surgical/medical procedures, and the need for effective prevention and treatment interventions.","PeriodicalId":232854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123161554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Anaemia and its Socio-Demographic Characteristics among Pregnant Women Attending the Antenatal Booking Clinic in Esut Teaching Hospital (Esuth), Enugu","authors":"Onyekpa Ij, Odugu Bu, Onah Ln","doi":"10.33425/2639-944x.1232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944x.1232","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anaemia is the commonest haematological abnormality diagnosed in pregnancy and continues to be a major public health problem in the developing, poor resource countries. It is associated with increased rates of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women is estimated to be very high in Nigeria and other developing countries. Knowledge of the current situation in our environment will help antenatal care-givers in prevention, early detection and prompt management of anaemia so as to mitigate its attendant complications in pregnancy. Aim: To determine the prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of anaemia among pregnant women in ESUTH. Specific objectives The objectives of this study were to determine: • the prevalence of anaemia • the prevalence of the different grades of anaemia • the distribution of anaemia based on socio-demographic characteristics among pregnant women at the antenatal booking clinic of ESUTH. Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 370 women who booked for antenatal care at the ESUTH from august 1, to December 31, 2020. Women who came for antenatal booking were counseled on the study and informed consent obtained. A proforma was used to collect their bio-data and other relevant obstetric and medical information. A sample of venous blood was collected and the haemoglobin concentration determined using haemoglobinometer. Data analysis: Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS version 20.0 for Windows. Frequencies and percentages were calculated and represented in tables and charts. Result: The result showed that out of the 370 women recruited into the study 295 (65.1%) had anaemia of which 155 (41.9%) were mild, 69 (18.6%) were moderate and 17 (4.6%) were severe. Conclusion and recommendation: Anaemia in pregnancy has an unacceptably high prevalence among our pregnant women. Efforts should be made to increase community health education/awareness on child spacing, consumption of balanced diet and early antenatal booking so as to prevent, enhance early detection and adequate treatment of anaemia in pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":232854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128245703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Myocarditis","authors":"Y. Niv","doi":"10.33425/2639-944x.1235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944x.1235","url":null,"abstract":"A cluster of young patients with myocarditis after SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccination, started several days up to 2 weeks after the second shot, was reported in Israel, without a solid evidence for a cause and effect sequence of events, or any scientific, peer review publication. Most of the patients were young men who recovered with or without steroid therapy, but one 22 year-old woman died within 72 hours from start of the symptoms (chest pain and fatigue) with elevated troponin and CRP, ECG changes but normal echocardiogram. After injection of RNA the body manufactures the S protein and starts synthesize antibodies against it. My speculation is that the connection between S protein and the receptor ACE2, which is abundant on the myocardium, builds a stabile complex with high antigenicity. Antibodies attached to this complex which is now under attack by both – antibodies and T-cells. The result is severe inflammation and cytokine storm. Another possible explanation is the presence of a mediator between the receptor (ACE2) and S protein such as Defensin 5, and a complex of higher molecular weight and antigenicity causing a severe immunological attack.","PeriodicalId":232854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126558966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Methods of Health Education are not enough to Reduce Major Lower Limb Amputations in Trinidad & Tobago; A Seven Year Retrospective Study","authors":"S. Islam, Aneela Shah, Jonathan Jarvis, Ryan Richardson, S. Islam, V. Bheem, P. Harnarayan, D. Dan, D. Hassranah, R. Maharaj, D. Harnanan, S. Cawich, M. Ramdass, V. Naraynsingh","doi":"10.33425/2639-944x.1233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944x.1233","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Major lower extremity amputation is defined as any amputation of the limb performed above the level of the ankle. Indications often include severe infection, ischemia, trauma and tumours. Total amputation rate in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) is not yet known. Data is only available from a single center in Trinidad and Tobago over a two year period and not from the entire country and the number of total amputation was based on simple speculation and general estimate. The aim of this study is to first time document the exact annual amputation rate in T&T with their demographic characteristics and also to find out whether the existing methods of health education are effective in reducing amputations. Methods: A retrospective review of all lower limb amputations was performed in all 5 public hospitals in Trinidad and Tobago from January 2012 to December 2018. Annual major lower limb amputations in the 10 private hospitals were also documented. Data collected on patients demographics included patient’s age, sex, race, and amputation type. Results: A total of 3586 (85.87%) major lower limb amputations were performed in the public and 590 (14.13%) in the private hospitals over our 7 year study period. The average annual major lower limb amputation rate in T&T is about 600 (596.5) with an average daily rate of 1.63. The mean age of our study group was 65.7 (23-103) years with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Afro Trinidadian accounted for 1962 (47%), Indo Trinidadian 1899 (42%) and other 11%. The predominant type of amputations was above knee 55.06% (n=2299) compared to below knee 44.94% (n=1877). Diabetic foot complications accounted for the majority of amputations in this study. The amputation rate has not declined over the years; rather there has been an annual increase over the study. Conclusions: The annual major lower limb amputation rate in T&T is significantly higher than previous estimates. This is very costly in the context of our limited resources and alarming on our already exhausted economy. This study shows that diabetes and peripheral vascular disease continue to be major risk factors for lower limb amputations: this negatively impacts the overall health of our society. Current methods have failed to reduce amputations. We recommend an integrated multidisciplinary approach involving doctors, diabetic nurse counselors, dieticians, podiatrists, physiotherapists, social welfare officers, politicians, religious leaders and social scientists. Continued education on diabetes, its complications and foot care as well as modifications of current methods are essential to minimize limb loss.","PeriodicalId":232854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115556607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Anthropometric Variables and Patient Outcomes Among Patients with COVID-19 Infection in A Latin-American City","authors":"Eder Hernández, Kelly B Ortiz, D. Varela, Jesus D Barrera, G. Vergara, Maria C Manzur, Ricardo Rosero","doi":"10.33425/2639-944x.1208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944x.1208","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the relationship between anthropometric variables and patient outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at our institution. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in general wards and critical care unit. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Results: A total of 130 patients meeting inclusion criteria and hospitalized between April and August 2020 participated in this study. The majority of patients were male (63%), mean age was 59,5 ± 18.5 years, and 53,8% were older than 60 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.7 kg/m2 (SD 3.69). Patients with diabetes mellitus exhibited a statistically significant increase in mortality (relative risk 4.8; CI95% 1,7 – 13.8). While there was an association between being overweight or having some degree of obesity with greater mortality, this association did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Chronic diseases are associated with complications and increased mortality in patients infected with COVID-19. Thus, efforts should be made towards achieving management of comorbidities and improved lifestyle habits.","PeriodicalId":232854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127239292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of Teenage Pregnancy at Federal Medical Centre, Katsina: A FiveYear Review","authors":"A. Lawal, Rasheed Fatima Abubakar, Tukur Jamilu, A. Nura","doi":"10.33425/2639-944x.1234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944x.1234","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Teenage pregnancy is a high-risk obstetric event. Pregnancy in this transitional stage is associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes and remains a major contributor to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the prevalence, socioeconomic variables as well as obstetric outcomes among teenage mothers in FMC Katsina. Study design: A five-year retrospective study, conducted at Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Federal Medical Centre, Katsina from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2014. Results: Teenage delivery accounts for 723 out of 10,391 cases, with a prevalence of 6.95% (69.5 per 1000 births). The mean age was 18.03±0.99 years. Five Hundred and Ninety One (95.6%) were married with 47.4% having secondary level of education. Of the 60.5% of them that booked, 33% was in third trimester. Majority (74.1%) delivered at term. Caesarean section was the mode of delivery in 14.2% of cases, mainly due to Eclampsia (69%) and Cephalopelvic disproportion (12.5%). Anaemia (33.5%) and Preterm delivery (9.5%) were the leading maternal and fetal morbidities. There were 3 maternal deaths (0.5%). Babies born to unbooked mothers were more likely to be of low birth weight. P value < 0.01. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy is high and is associated with late booking and increased incidence of Caesarean section. Anaemia and preterm deliveries were the leading morbidities. Non- booking is associated with low birth weight babies.","PeriodicalId":232854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134420058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ABC's (Autoimmunity, Blood Type, Cytokines) in Types and Severity of Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines.","authors":"D. Check, J. Check, Nina Kaplan","doi":"10.33425/2639-944x.1207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944x.1207","url":null,"abstract":"Based on initial reports of the association of blood types, especially type A, on increasing susceptibility and more severe disease in patients with Covid-19 disease, an observational study was performed to determine if there would be any correlation of bad side effects to the COVID-19 vaccines, associated with blood types, especially type A. At the time of study, only mRNA vaccines had been approved and available, thus Moderna and Pfizer were the ones evaluated. If an association was found, then the same evaluation could be done with vector vaccines, such as Johnson and Johnson, which was recently approved. Vaccine reactions were categorized as “Bad”, if the participant experienced 6 of 9 of the following symptoms: fever (temperature >100.4 F), extreme fatigue, headaches, body aches, chills, nausea, vomiting, arm soreness > 3 days, and numbness in any area of the body. “Moderate”, having 3 or 4 of the symptoms and “Mild”, having 1 or 2 symptoms. Comparing participants with bad reactions; 28 of 39 type A (71.7%) vs. 4 of 39 type O (10.2%) experienced bad reactions, (Chi-square found P<.001). When comparing participants with at least moderate reactions, type A, B, AB together (52) vs. type O (39), there were 40/52 (76.9%) in type A, B & AB group, vs. 7/39 (17.9%) in type O people. There have been reported findings of patients with prolonged, long term and chronic health consequences, months after the initial illness, referred to as (Long COVID). If these are seen as a result of vaccination too, especially those with severe initial reactions, people may find themselves deciding if the risk of developing a chronic illness, outweighs the risk of acquiring the COVID-19 disease. Abbreviations: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19); World Health Organization (WHO); Center for Disease Control (CDC); Acute Respiratory Syndrome (ARS); Electric Health Record (EHR); Emergency Use Authorization (EUA); Interleukins (IL).","PeriodicalId":232854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132900692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic and Hysteroscopic Assessment of Uterine Congenital Malformations: A Retrospective Study","authors":"O. Tsonis, F. Gkrozou, E. Dimitriou, I. Navrozoglou, M. Paschopoulos","doi":"10.33425/2639-944x.1203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944x.1203","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Congenital uterine malformations are often diagnosed via Transvaginal Sonography (TVS) and/or office hysteroscopy. Few studies address the diagnostic accuracy of both techniques in detecting these abnormalities. The aim of this study is to evaluate sonographic and hysteroscopic findings in women with uterine congenital malformations. Methods and Materials: A nested retrospective study on 137 medical records of women with congenital malformations undergoing vaginoscopic office hysteroscopic and transvaginal sonographic assessment in the Endoscopic Unit, Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece was conducted. All women were examined initially via Transvaginal Sonography (TVS) and the sonographic findings were correlated with the hysteroscopic findings. Women with septate or bicornuate uteri confirmed their pathology through laparoscopy, a proposed gold standard technique. Result: Hysteroscopy was able to detect 136 out of 137 cases of congenital malformations with a false positive bicornuate uterus. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) showed moderate diagnostic accuracy accompanied by positive predictive value (PPV) at 79.79%, negative predictive value (NPV) at 99.17%, sensitivity at 79.79%, and finally specificity at 99.17%. Endometrial thickness assessed by TVS was found to be higher in cases of complete septate and bicornuate uteri. The incidence of congenital malformation within the total population was estimated at 4.56%. Conclusion: Diagnostic hysteroscopy is a reliable tool in detection uterine congenital malformations compared to two-dimensional sonography. Office hysteroscopy demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy and should replace traditional sonographic assessment in determining congenital uterine malformations. Clinical significance: Hysteroscopy is superior than TVS in detecting uterine congenital malformations.","PeriodicalId":232854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124140210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIB-1 Labeling Index is Very Important Proliferative Factor for Lymphangioma","authors":"Y. Kishi, K. Matsuoka","doi":"10.33425/2639-944x.1201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944x.1201","url":null,"abstract":"Our concept for the treatment of lymphangioma is simple resection if it is small and adjacent to the surface of the skin and intralesional injection of OK- 32 if it is big. Resection of the mass is performed if its size has reduced after observation, but persisted. The rapid growth of the lymphangioma has been considered to be due to inflammation and invasion of the vessels, but their relationship remains unclear. Our hypothesis is that the Mib1-labeling index of endothelial cells of fast-growing lymphangioma is larger than that of non-proliferating lymphangioma. Mib-1 labeling index shows their ability of proliferation. In our study, we could show the high potential cells of lymphangioma had high MIB1 index using the immunological technique of the pathology.","PeriodicalId":232854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126328954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the Proper Approach to an Effective Surgical Treatment for Meningioma","authors":"M. Moreanu, M. Cozma, A. Sandu","doi":"10.33425/2639-944x.1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944x.1071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":232854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124768706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}