Shuojiang Xu , Kelin Zhu , Fangli Zeng , Min Guo , Benying Tan , Yiqing Tian
{"title":"A dual large language model framework for forecasting maritime greenhouse gas emissions","authors":"Shuojiang Xu , Kelin Zhu , Fangli Zeng , Min Guo , Benying Tan , Yiqing Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2025.105202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trd.2025.105202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maritime transport is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, and accurately forecasting them is key to formulating targeted policies such as carbon pricing and emission quotas. The accuracy of existing forecasting models is limited by the challenges they face in processing large multi-source datasets. This study introduces a dual large language model (LLM) framework, MarEmisNet-DualLLM, which integrates a time-series-focused LLM for capturing temporal patterns and a general-purpose LLM for integrating domain knowledge, unstructured text, and contextual reasoning. Empirical tests on three real-world maritime datasets demonstrate that it outperforms baseline methods. The framework could be used by the International Maritime Organization, shipping firms, and ports to support mitigation strategies like route optimization and monitor compliance, thereby advancing maritime decarbonization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23277,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105202"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin-Ming Yang , Wei Zhai , Hong-Wei Wang , Xiao-Fan Wei , Hong-Di He , Zhong-Ren Peng
{"title":"When flexibility beats fixed routes: Quantifying microtransit efficiency-emission trade-offs using AMOID","authors":"Jin-Ming Yang , Wei Zhai , Hong-Wei Wang , Xiao-Fan Wei , Hong-Di He , Zhong-Ren Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2026.105229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trd.2026.105229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microtransit is emerging as a key solution for short-distance travel, yet the efficiency-environmental trade-offs between demand-responsive and fixed-route systems remain unclear. We introduce AMOID, a data-driven model leveraging individual travel trajectories to automate hybrid system planning and evaluation. Departing from aggregate data methods, AMOID tailors solutions to individual demand, considering multi-modal collaboration. In Tampa, Florida, demand-responsive microtransit achieves 229% higher operational efficiency, 183% more ridership, 40% lower greenhouse gas emissions than fixed-route systems. However, fixed-route systems dominate when demand exceeds 800 trips/(day·mile<sup>2</sup>). Operational scale dynamically shifts these thresholds: reducing the fleet by half lowers the efficiency crossover threshold for fixed-route dominance by 40–46%; conversely, expanding the service area by 135% decreases the threshold by 60%. These findings reveal how demand and operational scale mediate modal efficiency, providing insights for planners to optimize microtransit deployment. AMOID bridges the gap between theoretical models and practical decision-making, enabling sustainable urban mobility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23277,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105229"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiatian Iogansen , Christina Gore , Joshua Kneifel , Sindhu Ranganath , John Paul Helveston
{"title":"Consumers ’ perceptions, knowledge, and adoption patterns of battery electric vehicles","authors":"Xiatian Iogansen , Christina Gore , Joshua Kneifel , Sindhu Ranganath , John Paul Helveston","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2025.105194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trd.2025.105194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines consumer perceptions, knowledge, and adoption patterns of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), using survey data from 1,443 U.S. residents. Findings reveal persistent informational and psychological barriers that hinder adoption among current non-adopters and challenge sustained use among current adopters. A binary logit model distinguishes <em>BEV-only users</em> and <em>BEV-mixed-fuel users</em>, uncovering distinct socio-demographic profiles, motivations, vehicle usage, and charging behaviors often obscured in aggregate analyses. <em>BEV-only users</em> are typically younger, urban, and price-sensitive, often lacking dedicated charging access, whereas <em>mixed-fuel users</em> place greater value on BEVs’ symbolic appeal and mitigate range concerns through access to conventional vehicles. A multinomial logit model of non-adopters shows that BEV-related perceptions, knowledge, incentives, infrastructure access, and personal traits affect adoption intentions in asymmetric ways. These findings highlight the need for flexible modeling and measurement of adoption to capture the complex and varied drivers of BEV resistance and uptake across different consumer groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23277,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105194"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vulnerability assessment of electric vehicles and their charging station network during evacuations","authors":"Denissa Sari Darmawi Purba, Eleftheria Kontou","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2025.105197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trd.2025.105197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric vehicle (EV) drivers face range anxiety and long recharging times and navigate sparse public charging networks, which challenge both preemptive and short-notice evacuations. We propose a multi-criteria vulnerability assessment of the coupled EV driver and charging station network during evacuations. We study flooding evacuations in Chicago, IL and hurricane evacuations in Southeast Florida, FL. The sensitivity analysis is conducted to examine the effects of initial battery state of charge (SOC), reduced battery efficiency under adverse weather, EV penetration rates, and home charging accessibility. Our findings show the impact of vehicle and infrastructure-related (charging network, driving range and vehicle heterogeneity) and evacuation-related (network properties, hazard intensity, and warning system type) characteristics to evacuation feasibility and performance. Most EV drivers can evacuate with or without charging during mild and moderate hazards, even with the expected decrease in charging station accessibility and network disruptions. During rare and severe hazards, those with short-range EVs face a higher risk of getting stranded without enough power and reduced charging infrastructure access. The initial SOC of the EV battery determines drivers’ capability to initiate an evacuation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23277,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105197"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of research on transportation and the environment","authors":"Robert B. Noland","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2026.105244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trd.2026.105244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23277,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105244"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teng Meng , Yue Huang , Anthony Whiteing , Yinpu Wang , Qidong Han
{"title":"Quantifying environmental impacts of cold chain interruptions using coupled CFD and LCA","authors":"Teng Meng , Yue Huang , Anthony Whiteing , Yinpu Wang , Qidong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2026.105230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trd.2026.105230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold chain interruptions (CCIs) can alter energy use and emissions in cold chain logistics (FCCL), yet their impacts are often overlooked in life cycle assessment (LCA). This study integrates computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with LCA to quantify CCI-related impacts, through a gate-to-gate case study of Zigui navel oranges from precooling to cold storage at destination. CFD reconstructs temperature histories, which are converted to stage-specific refrigeration energy usage and fed into LCA to quantify environmental burdens. Two types of CCIs were evaluated: refrigeration pauses have minimal effects, while ambient exposures, especially after precooling, increase global warming potential (GWP) by up to 5.94%. Overall, refrigerated transport contributes over 85% of total GWP, with a distance–GWP slope of 0.0014 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/km. Replacing diesel with B5 biodiesel (5% fatty acid methyl esters) reduces GWP by 3.95%. This CFD–LCA framework enables more accurate CCI impact assessments, supporting the design of sustainable FCCL systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23277,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105230"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shared electric scooter energy consumption modeling and influencing factor analysis","authors":"Yuqiu Yuan , Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2025.105205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trd.2025.105205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The convenience and sustainability of shared electric scooters (e-scooters) position them as an emerging and popular form of micromobility. However, their environmental and energy benefits are still a matter of debate. A reliable and accurate estimation of e-scooter energy consumption (i.e., battery depletion) is required to evaluate e-scooter energy and environmental impacts. The shared e-scooter data in the city of Charlotte, North Carolina, provides an opportunity to explore potential influencing factors and model e-scooter energy consumption. This study developed an XGBoost-based e-scooter energy consumption model that captures non-linear relationships among influencing factors and quantifies their contributions in supporting modeling under varying data availability conditions. The proposed e-scooter energy classification model achieves an overall accuracy of up to 73.73%. It is found that Trip Distance, Trip Duration, Grade, Start Battery Percentage, Temperature and Standard Deviation of Speed are the most important features. The model accuracy under different trip distance ranges and with different descriptive variables is evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23277,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105205"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianyu Zhang , Gongyuan Lu , Enjian Yao , Xiaobo Liu , Yang Yang
{"title":"Dynamic planning integrating life cycle assessment for taxi battery swapping stations","authors":"Tianyu Zhang , Gongyuan Lu , Enjian Yao , Xiaobo Liu , Yang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2025.105203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trd.2025.105203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the potential application of battery swapping (BS) mode in the taxi industry by analyzing the deployment, decarbonization, economics, and transportation service pathways of taxi BS station (T-BSS) projects in various energy and economic scenarios. A comprehensive model is proposed that integrates multi-stage deployment planning with dynamic life-cycle assessment based on grasp, mapping, and quantification of the dynamic evolution of macro energy and economy. T-BSS projects in Tianjin from 0a to 30a are analyzed. The T-BSS project has a normalized carbon emission reduction of more than 90% by 30a, driven by the transformation of the transportation power structure in Deep and the development of battery energy consumption technology in Base/Fast. T-BSS projects demonstrate strong profitability, with 81.6% of 375 scenarios achieving an internal rate of return of more than 12%. However, they face risks, including declining profitability in later phases and substantial disparities in investment returns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23277,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105203"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perceived accessibility across activity types and transport modes","authors":"Willy Kriswardhana , Domokos Esztergár-Kiss","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2026.105225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trd.2026.105225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, perceived accessibility has been proposed as a supplementary measure to traditional accessibility indicators to support more comprehensive policies for sustainable travel behavior. Previous studies explore perceived accessibility across trip purposes and conventional transport modes but overlook shared micro-mobility with such factors as walkability and bikeability. The current study addresses these gaps by examining how perceived walkability, bikeability, and access to shared transport modes influence perceived accessibility, which are closely related to the built environment. A web-panel survey is conducted, and the data are analyzed by using ordered logit models. The results highlight the influence of varied parameters, where socio-demographic factors significantly affect the perceived accessibility of public transport and cars, while mode-specific perceptions play a greater role in the case of active and shared mobility modes. The findings underline the importance of including and analyzing individuals’ perceptions of existing infrastructures to support a transition toward green travel behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23277,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105225"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khondhaker Al Momin, Arif Mohaimin Sadri, Kanthasamy K. Muraleetharan
{"title":"The green gridlock: Projecting the unintended wildfire evacuation risks of EV adoption","authors":"Khondhaker Al Momin, Arif Mohaimin Sadri, Kanthasamy K. Muraleetharan","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2026.105219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trd.2026.105219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), while crucial for climate goals, introduces complex challenges for emergency management. This study addresses the urgent, yet under-researched risk of wildfire evacuations in EV-dependent communities, whose mobility is tightly coupled with a vulnerable electrical grid. We develop a novel geospatial framework grounded in the Vulnerability-Exposure-Sensitivity model and operationalized through a Community Preparedness Index that integrates socioeconomic, demographic, mobility, and infrastructural characteristics. Hotspot analysis identifies spatial clusters of wildfire exposure, EV sensitivity, and community preparedness, enabling classification of evacuation risk profiles driven by transportation system dependence on electrified mobility. A Gaussian Process Regression informed S-curve forecasting approach estimates when communities are likely to reach critical risk levels as EV adoption increases. Results show significant spatial disparities, providing evidence to strategically deploy charging resources, grid hardening, and evacuation focused planning. The framework supports proactive, data-informed planning for resilient electrified transportation systems in wildfire-prone regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23277,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105219"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}