Translational lung cancer research最新文献

{"title":"Ion robotic bronchoscopy laser ablation and Da Vinci robotic segmentectomy for bilateral pulmonary nodules: a case report.","authors":"Teng Sun, Yong Ge, Zhiqiao Chen, Tianyue Ma, Shoujie Feng, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-922","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The treatment strategy of multiple pulmonary nodules presents significant challenges in thoracic surgery, particularly regarding precise diagnosis and treatment. The integration of emerging technologies for concurrent hybrid diagnostic and therapeutic approaches represents a potential breakthrough. The purpose of this study is to provide a new paradigm for the synchronous mixed treatment of multiple pulmonary nodules.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 34-year-old female patient was initially diagnosed with multiple pulmonary nodules in August 2023 and has been undergoing regular follow-up since then. A computed tomography (CT) in September 2024 showed a mixed ground-glass nodule (mGGN) in the dorsal segment (S6) of the left lower lobe of the lung, measuring approximately 11 mm × 7 mm, indicating a high risk of malignancy; and a ground-glass opacity (GGO) measuring 5 mm × 4 mm between the dorsal segment and anterior basal segment (S6 and S8) of the right lower lobe, with both nodules showing enlargement compared to a year ago. A simultaneous bilateral lung surgery is planned. The Ion robotic system was utilized to navigate precisely to the lesion along the B6b bronchus of the right lower lobe, where the lung nodule was ablated with a laser. Subsequently, the Da Vinci robotic system used to assist in the precise resection of the S6. Pathology on the left showed adenocarcinoma; a CT one week postoperatively showed a 1 cm patchy shadow with a cavity on the right.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This report presents the first surgical technique for ion robotic-assisted laser ablation and dual-robot collaborative surgery, offering a novel strategy for the integration of airway diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 2","pages":"619-624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from chronic disease screening success: developing efficient, convenient, and affordable lung cancer screening methods to achieve universal coverage.","authors":"Jianxing He, Wenhua Liang, Nanshan Zhong","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-2024-1074","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-2024-1074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 2","pages":"649-651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical-genomic nomogram for predicting sensitivity to second-line immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Ying Hua, Ai Wang, Chao Xie, Apostolos C Agrafiotis, Pinlang Zhang, Baosheng Li","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-2024-1249","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-2024-1249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved the outcomes of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, ICIs only benefit a subset of patients. The study aimed to identify genomic biomarkers and construct models to predict the response to second-line ICI therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected clinical data and genetic testing results from patients with NSCLC treated with second-line ICI at a single medical center between August 2018 and June 2021. We reanalyzed the raw sequence data of clinical genetic testing and defined the common detection region among the different testing panels. Immunotherapy sensitivity was evaluated using the immune-based Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 102 patients as a training cohort and 46 as a test cohort. In the training cohort, we examined the relationship between ICI response and the mutation status of 343 genes. Mutations in the <i>EGFR</i> gene were significantly more common in the resistant group than in the sensitive group (41.0% <i>vs.</i> 20.6%; P=0.04), while mutations in the <i>EP300</i> gene were associated with greater sensitivity to ICIs (39.7% <i>vs.</i> 15.4%; P=0.01). A nomogram was built based on clinical variables, genomic data, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. The total nomogram points were significantly higher in the sensitive group than in the resistance group in both cohorts, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.780 in the training cohort and 0.720 in the test cohort. The higher nomogram points also indicated better progression-free survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on real-world clinical settings, the clinical genomic nomogram, which involved limited input variables that were economical and easy to obtain, demonstrated a good ability to predict the response to second-line ICI treatment in advanced NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 2","pages":"526-537"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>MS4A15</i> gene expression as a prognostic marker for clinical outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Lingxiao Qiu, Tingcheng Li, Bin Qing, Cailin Zhao, Xinye Zhang, Satoshi Watanabe, Armida D'Incecco, Ninh M La-Beck, Tracy L Leong, Chuangye Wang, Jincheng Liu, Qi Li, Li Bai, Gang Liu, Xueping Liu, Zhi Xu","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-623","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-623","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant histological subtype of lung cancer. In the past decade, various targeted drugs have prolonged the survival of LUAD patients. Unfortunately, not all LUAD patients can benefit from the current target agents. Although the membrane spanning 4-domains A15 (&lt;i&gt;MS4A15&lt;/i&gt;) gene has been implicated in the progression of various cancers, its role in LUAD remains understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the role and potential mechanism of MS4A15 in the progression of LUAD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The pan-cancer RNA sequencing and clinical data of LUAD patients, originally comprising data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotypic Tissue Expression, were acquired from University of California Santa Cruz XENA (UCSC XENA). Additionally, the GSE116959 and GSE130779 data sets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The Differential Expression analysis of Sequencing data version 2 (DESeq2) package was used to identify the differentially expressed genes. The ClusteProfiler package was used to perform the Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and gene set enrichment analyses. An immune cell infiltration analysis was conducted using the gene set variation analysis (GSVA) package. The expression level of &lt;i&gt;MS4A15&lt;/i&gt; was analyzed by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between the clinical pathological factors of LUAD patients and the high-low dichotomy of &lt;i&gt;MS4A15&lt;/i&gt;. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of &lt;i&gt;MS4A15&lt;/i&gt; as a biomarker for distinguishing LUAD patients from healthy individuals. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to examine the overall survival of LUAD patients based on &lt;i&gt;MS4A15&lt;/i&gt;. All the bioinformatic results were obtained using R (version 3.6.2) package. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to validate the messenger RNA transcription level &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;MS4A15&lt;/i&gt; expression was significantly more decreased in the tumor tissues from the LUAD patients than the normal adjacent samples. &lt;i&gt;MS4A15&lt;/i&gt; expression was positively correlated with various immune cell types, notably including mast cells (MCs), dendritic cells, and macrophages. Specifically, &lt;i&gt;MS4A15&lt;/i&gt; was most positively associated with MCs. Lower expression levels of &lt;i&gt;MS4A15&lt;/i&gt; in LUAD patients were correlated with a poorer pathologic stage and poorer primary therapy outcomes. The area under the curve of the ROC curve for &lt;i&gt;MS4A15&lt;/i&gt; effectiveness was 0.863. &lt;i&gt;MS4A15&lt;/i&gt; was validated to be more lowly expressed in the tumor tissues samples than the normal tissues samples in both the GSE116959 and GSE130779 data sets. The expression of &lt;i&gt;MS4A15&lt;/i&gt; was also significantly lower in the in A549 cells than the normal human bronchial epithelia cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"224-238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>SMARCA4</i>/BRG1-deficient non-small cell lung cancer: clinical, imaging, pathological features, and follow-up results of 23 patients.","authors":"Xieraili Wumener, Xiaoxing Ye, Yarong Zhang, Tuya E, Jiuhui Zhao, Ying Liang, Jun Zhao","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-567","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-567","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;SMARCA4&lt;/i&gt;/BRG1-deficient non-small cell lung cancer (S/B-d NSCLC) is a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, imaging, serum tumor marker, and pathological features of S/B-d NSCLC, particularly computed tomography (CT) and &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scan features.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Our analysis included 23 patients with pathologically confirmed S/B-d NSCLC from January 2021 to December 2023. A retrospective analysis of clinical, serum tumor markers, imaging [including CT, FDG PET/CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], pathological features, treatment protocols, and follow-up results was performed. Independent samples &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-tests were used to assess statistical differences in short diameters and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;) between groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;S/B-d NSCLC occurs predominantly in male patients with a history of smoking and a mean age of 62.78 years (39-77 years). S/B-d NSCLC was found incidentally during physical examination in 56.52% of patients. The CT scan features were as follows: predominantly tumors (72.73%), peripheral in the lungs (77.27%), round or roundish morphology (81.28%), pleural or vascular invasion (95.46%), and moderately to severely enhanced (59.09%). The FDG PET/CT showed FDG-avid with mean SUV&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; of 14.78±9.57. Lung cancer-related serum tumor markers had high positivity rates for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (66.67%), recombinant cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) (61.91%), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) (57.14%). Pathological features are often characterized by grading (poor differentiation, 100%), tumor spread through the air space (STAS, 85.71%), and vascular invasion (85.71%). Immunohistochemistry showed that &lt;i&gt;SMARCA4&lt;/i&gt; (BRG1) was absent, and P40, P63, ALK-Ventana ALK (D5F3), and p-TRK were often negative. Genetic tests showed that the positivity rate of TP53 (76.92%) and KEAP1 (53.85%) was high. Despite diverse treatment options being available, high rates of progression during treatment and poor prognosis were observed. Among CT features (N=22), the short diameter of CT-diagnosed metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) was larger than that of non-metastatic LNs, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.02). Among the FDG PET/CT features (N=12), SUV&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; was larger in tumor group than lesion group, SUV&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; was larger in M1 group than M0 group, and the difference was statistically significant in both groups (P=0.001 and P=0.04).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;S/B-d NSCLC has distinct features in epidemiology, serum tumor markers, imaging, and pathology. In particular, FDG-avid is evident in the FDG PET/CT scan. The size of the lesion and the degree of FDG avidity provide information about the degree of malignancy and the hi","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"107-123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between immunotherapy timing and efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive analysis at a high-volume specialist centre.","authors":"Igor Gomez-Randulfe, Mark Pearce, Daniel Netto, Rebecca Ward, Raffaele Califano","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-571","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The timing of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) administration may influence clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Previous studies have shown varying effects of chronotherapy on survival rates, with some suggesting that a higher percentage of doses administered in the morning improves overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the timing of the first dose and the percentage of doses administered in the afternoon on survival outcomes in advanced NSCLC patients, as well as explore seasonal variations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary cancer centre of patients diagnosed with NSCLC and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥50% who received first-line palliative treatment with pembrolizumab or atezolizumab. Patients were categorized based on the timing of their first dose (before or after 14:30) and further stratified by the percentage of doses received after 14:30. To evaluate seasonal variance, patients were also stratified into two groups: those who received their first dose within three months before or after the winter solstice (\"Winter group\") and those who received it within three months before or after the summer solstice (\"Summer group\"). Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 349 patients who met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in PFS or OS between patients receiving their first ICI dose before 14:30 (n=188) and those receiving it after 14:30 (n=161). However, a significant difference in OS was observed in patients who received more than 50% of their doses in the afternoon. Seasonal variations in dosing timing did not significantly impact survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that the timing of the first ICI dose does not significantly affect survival outcomes in advanced NSCLC patients. However, patients receiving a higher percentage of their doses in the afternoon may experience poorer OS. Further prospective research is needed to confirm these findings and understand the underlying mechanisms before any changes to clinical practice can be recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of systemic therapy with survival among adults with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Nikki M Carroll, Jennifer Eisenstein, Jared M Freml, Andrea N Burnett-Hartman, Robert T Greenlee, Stacey A Honda, Christine M Neslund-Dudas, Katharine A Rendle, Anil Vachani, Debra P Ritzwoller","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-749","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uptake of new systemic therapy treatments among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) occurred rapidly after FDA approval. Few studies have characterized the association of these therapies on survival in community settings. We assessed survival by type of systemic therapy received among patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC who were treated in community-based settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort, patients diagnosed with de novo stage IV NSCLC between March 2012 and December 2020 were followed through December 31, 2021. Survival was ascertained with restricted mean survival time from treatment receipt through 12 and 60 months and compared by RMST differences adjusting for demographic and tumor characteristics. Trends in one-year survival probabilities were assessed using joinpoint regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 945 patients receiving systemic therapy, 46% received cytotoxic chemotherapy (Chemo-Only), 15% bevacizumab +/- Chemo, 22% immunotherapy +/- Chemo, and 16% targeted therapies. Median days from diagnosis to treatment ranged from 32 to 42. Compared to those receiving Chemo-Only, patients receiving immunotherapy +/- Chemo survived 1.4 months longer [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5 to 2.3 months; P=0.002] and 3.2 months longer (95% CI: -1.4 to 7.9 months; P=0.18) through 12 and 60 months follow-up, respectively. Relative to those receiving Chemo-Only, patients receiving targeted therapies survived 1.6 months longer (95% CI: 0.7 to 2.5 months; P<0.001) and 5.5 months longer (95% CI: 0.7 to 10.4 months; P=0.02) through 12 and 60 months follow-up. One-year survival significantly increased from 30% to 59% between 2012 and 2020 (P=0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found patients receiving targeted therapies and immunotherapy +/- Chemo survived longer than those on Chemo-Only. One-year survival probabilities significantly increased between 2012 and 2020. Additional research is needed to better understand the potential benefits and harms, including patient adverse events and financial toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"176-193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of first-line immunotherapy-based regimens for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Wengang Zhang, Wencheng Zhao, Xinyu Zhang, Zhiyi Guo, Li Ye, Zhimin Chen, Kandi Xu, Lishu Zhao, Xinyue Liu, Yujin Liu, Hao Wang, Yayi He","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-636","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Combination regimens of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy have been approved as the first-line and standard of care for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Novel regimens are continuously being explored, with the ETER701 study being the representative randomized controlled trial (RCT). ETER701 study has assessed the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy with or without anlotinib (multi-target angiogenesis inhibitor) + benmelstobart (programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitor) (Anl/Ben/CT). There is no evidence-based medicine available proving that Anl/Ben/CT is the optimal regimen due to the lack of direct or indirect comparisons among varying immunotherapy-based regimens. In this study, we aimed to identify the optimal regimen to assist in clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The eligible RCTs were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and major international conferences. Then, the network meta-analysis was analyzed to compare the efficacy and safety among 15 first-line regimens in ES-SCLC. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the risk of bias in included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 immunotherapy-related RCTs covering 15 interventions and 6,178 patients with ES-SCLC were included. Overall, most RCTs exhibited a low risk of bias across multiple domains. The results indicated that most immunotherapy-based regimens could significantly prolong progression-free survival (PFS) compared with chemotherapy alone, especially Anl/Ben/CT [hazard ratio (HR) 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25-0.40]. Similar results were observed regarding overall survival (OS), that is, most immunotherapy-related regimens dramatically reduced the risk of death in ES-SCLC, with Anl/Ben/CT being the most prominent (HR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47-0.80). The Bayesian ranking probabilities showed that Anl/Ben/CT ranked first and serplulimab plus chemotherapy ranked second in both PFS and OS among 15 regimens. Regarding safety, Anl/Ben/CT ranked 3rd, and serplulimab plus chemotherapy ranked 7th.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adding anlotinib and benmelstobart to chemotherapy significantly improved PFS and OS compared with chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus immunotherapy, with an acceptable safety profile in patients with ES-SCLC. In conclusion, Anl/Ben/CT could be a new, preferable first-line treatment option but further clinical studies are needed to validate its efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"163-175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anlotinib enhances the anti-tumor activity of osimertinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer by reversing drug resistance.","authors":"Xin Hua, Xiaodi Wu, Liting Lv, Yanli Gu, Suhua Zhu, Xin Liu, Tangfeng Lv, Yong Song","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-759","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), significantly improves the prognosis of patients with <i>EGFR</i>-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, subsequently-acquired resistance limits its effectiveness. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of anlotinib, a multitarget inhibitor of angiogenesis, in combination with osimertinib using <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> EGFR-TKI-sensitive and EGFR-TKI-resistant models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established osimertinib-resistant cell lines (H1975-OR and PC9-OR) and evaluated the effects of osimertinib, anlotinib, and their combination on cell proliferation <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. In addition, we used pleural fluid from nine patients with <i>EGFR</i>-mutant NSCLC who received osimertinib therapy in the clinic to successfully establish a zebrafish patient-derived xenograft (zPDX) model. The effect of the combined treatment <i>in vivo</i> was assessed by quantifying red fluorescent regions representing tumor cell growth in zebrafish embryos to assess tumor proliferation and migration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Combination osimertinib and anlotinib therapy did not have an obvious synergistic antiproliferative effect in parental H1975 and PC9 cells; however, anlotinib reversed osimertinib resistance in osimertinib-resistant H1975-OR and PC9-OR cells <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. A similar phenomenon was observed in the zPDX model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, anlotinib did not significantly enhance the anti-tumor effects of osimertinib in osimertinib-sensitive NSCLC cell lines or a zPDX model. However, it partially reversed osimertinib resistance. This combination therapy may improve the outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC showing osimertinib-resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"40-57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrence as a small cell lung cancer transformation in a resected stage IIIA EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer treated with adjuvant osimertinib: a case report.","authors":"Julie Lasvergnas, Isabelle Monnet, Jean-Bernard Auliac, Gaelle Rousseau-Bussac, Christos Chouaid, Jean-Baptiste Assié","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-830","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Based on improvements in recurrence-free and overall survival, osimertinib is now widely used as an adjuvant treatment in stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presenting with a common epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. Histological transformation is a well-known resistance mechanism to osimertinib in EGFR-mutated metastatic NSCLC, but we currently have insufficient data on recurrence mechanisms in the adjuvant context. We present here the case of a patient treated with adjuvant osimertinib and presenting a small cell lung cancer (SCLC) transformation as a recurrence.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 54-year-old man, never-smoker and with no previous medical history, underwent right superior lobectomy with lymph node resection for a pT3N1M0 [stage IIIA, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) 8^th edition] adenocarcinoma. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) negative with an EGFR exon 19 deletion. The patient received 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy before starting adjuvant osimertinib 80 mg. After 35 months of adjuvant osimertinib the patient had a local recurrence and the re biopsy showed an SCLC transformation, underlining the importance of careful surveillance and biopsy at the time of recurrence in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>this case report provides evidence of SCLC transformation while on adjuvant osimertinib, in a pT3N1 EGFR, RB1 and TP53-mutated pulmonary adenocarcinoma. This highlights the importance of biopsy on recurrence and the transformation potential of the EGFR, RB1 and TP53-mutated adenocarcinomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"287-291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}