Translational lung cancer research最新文献

{"title":"Fructose-diphosphate aldolase C as a novel diagnostic biomarker for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a low-abundance proteomics study.","authors":"Changsen Bai, Qianhui Hao, Yunxiang Chen, Jiayi Wang, Jiawei Xiao, Da Hyun Kang, Li Ren","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-530","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early detection is crucial for improving prognosis and survival rates. This study aimed to identify the low-abundance plasma proteins as potential diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to distinguish malignant from benign lung nodules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a sodium-type Y zeolite-polymer polyanionic complex (NaY-PPC)-based low-abundance proteomics, we analyzed 181 plasma samples from healthy controls (HC; n=65), patients with benign lung nodules (BNs; n=21), and patients with early-stage NSCLC (n=95). Principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap visualization were employed for differential analysis. The diagnostic performance of candidate biomarkers was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for validation. Functional studies, including fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C (ALDOC) knockdown, were conducted to assess the role of ALDOC in NSCLC progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 23 significantly differentially expressed proteins, with ALDOC showing the most promising diagnostic potential. ALDOC could effectively distinguish NSCLC patients from HCs [area under the curve (AUC) =0.994] and from those with BNs (AUC =0.720). Combining ALDOC with the traditional biomarkers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) improved the differentiation between NSCLC and BN (AUC =0.824). ELISA validation confirmed the findings from the proteomics analysis. Additionally, ALDOC was upregulated in NSCLC tissues, and its high expression correlated with poor overall survival. Knockdown of ALDOC significantly reduced NSCLC cell growth and motility, suggesting its tumor-promoting role.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ALDOC is a promising diagnostic biomarker for early-stage NSCLC, with potential clinical utility in distinguishing malignant lung nodules from BNs. This study highlights the value of low-abundance proteomics in identifying novel biomarkers for lung cancer detection and risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 6","pages":"2239-2256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An explainable AI approach to surgical and radiotherapy interventions for optimized treatment decision-making in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Qunzhe Ding, Chendong Wang, Zhe Zhang, Junjie Liao, Lufan Tang, Jiade Jay Lu, Zhibo Tan","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-152","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For individual patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), robust evidence to guide treatment selection between surgery and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) remains limited. This study aimed to develop machine learning-driven predictive models using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to evaluate the efficacy of these treatments, thereby providing a data-driven foundation for personalized treatment decisions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stage I or IIA NSCLC patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2018 were identified from the SEER database. Six machine learning models, spanning from classical to advanced approaches, were employed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival, with their performance assessed using seven metrics. The SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) interpretability method was employed to explain the optimal predictive model, focusing on analyzing the differences between surgical and radiotherapy treatments under various factors, providing valuable insights to optimizing treatment strategies. Patients diagnosed between 2019 and 2021 were selected as an external validation cohort to assess the generalizability and robustness of the previously developed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 26,566 patients were included in the training and internal testing cohort of the study. LightGBM (light gradient boosting machine) outperformed other models across most metrics for survival predictions. The SHAP interpretability analysis revealed that tumor location, tumor size, pathology, and treatment type were significant factors for 3- and 5-year predictions. Furthermore, at 3- and 5-year intervals, the efficacy of radiotherapy was comparable to surgery for left upper lobe tumors, while radiotherapy appeared slightly inferior to surgery for right lower lobe tumors. Meanwhile, for tumors <1.5 cm or 3.5-5 cm, lobectomy exhibited the best efficacy, while for tumors measuring 1.5-3.5 cm, the efficacy of lobectomy seemed to be slightly inferior to radiotherapy and sublobar resection. For adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, radiotherapy and lobectomy could be regarded as the preferred treatment methods, respectively. Besides, for patients <45 or >75 years old, sublobar resection showed the best efficacy at the 5-year interval. The external validation cohort of 11,927 patients further confirmed the effectiveness of the models in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival outcomes, reinforcing their reliability and applicability in clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into treatment decision-making for stages I and IIA NSCLC. The LightGBM model is a reliable tool for survival prediction for early-stage NSCLC. By utilizing this model, it can be concluded that tumor location, tumor size, pathological type and age are vital factors significantly influencing the choice of treatment methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 6","pages":"2011-2030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the intraoperative identification of high-grade patterns in invasive lung adenocarcinoma via radiomics.","authors":"Yuanxin Sun, Hao Dong, Weiqiu Jin, Haoxiang Xuan, Zheng Yuan, Lukas Käsmann, Leilei Shen, Tingting Wang, Xiaodan Ye, Mengsu Zeng","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-504","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-grade patterns (HGPs) are important for surgical decision-making in patients with invasive lung adenocarcinoma (IAC), but the sensitivity of intraoperative frozen section (FS) is not high. Radiomics has the potential to improve the sensitivity of intraoperative detection. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the value of combining radiomics with FS analysis for predicting HGPs in patients with clinical T1 (cT1) IAC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from a total of 490 patients who were surgically diagnosed with IAC from January 2019 to April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed; the patients were randomly divided into a training set (n=392) and a test set (n=98). The presence of HGPs (micropapillary, solid, and complex glandular patterns) was evaluated according to the final pathology (FP). Radiomics features were extracted from thin-slice computed tomography (CT) images, and feature selection was performed via the mutual information method and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression algorithm. The radiomics (R), FS, and radiomics-frozen section (R-FS) models were established to predict the presence of HGPs in FP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the precision-recall curve, the calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate model performances. The permutation importance algorithm (PIA) and local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) were used to provide interpretations for the R model. Additionally, the predictive performance was compared among tumors with different CT densities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The R and R-FS models outperformed the FS model, with the R-FS model achieving the best area under the curve value of 0.907 (95% confidence interval: 0.830-0.956) in the test set. PIA and LIME determined the interpretability of outputs from both the overall model and individual sample perspectives. Among the three models, the R model performed best in pure ground-glass nodules and pure-solid tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Radiomics could function as a complementary check to FS to provide a more sensible and accurate intraoperative identification of HGPs as compared to the use of FS alone, thus better informing clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 6","pages":"2145-2158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paving the way for ctDNA-guided trials in lung cancer: insights from the LIBELULE study.","authors":"Jose Carlos Benitez, Antonio Rueda-Domínguez","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-427","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 6","pages":"2347-2352"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical treatment of small-cell lung cancer: long-term prognosis and patterns of adjuvant therapy.","authors":"Ruichen Cui, Xiaohu Hao, Jiahan Cheng, Jacobo Rogado, Qiang Pu, Yunke Zhu","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-490","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy predominantly treated with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The role of surgical intervention in SCLC, however, remains inadequately defined. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of patients with SCLC who underwent surgical treatment to assess the impact of surgery combined with perioperative adjuvant therapy on long-term prognosis, with the goal of informing future treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included patients with SCLC who underwent surgical treatment at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between 2005 and 2021. Prognostic factors influencing overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models, in conjunction with the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A cohort of 121 patients with SCLC who underwent surgical treatment was included. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy [hazard ratio (HR) =0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24-0.85] was significantly associated with improved OS, whereas a smoking index exceeding 400 (HR =1.0011; 95% CI: 1.0004-1.0018) was identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor. Pathological stratification showed that prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was significantly associated with improved OS in stage II/III patients (P<0.05) but had not in stage I patients (P>0.05). Regarding DFS, preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with significantly prolonged DFS (HR =0.44; 95% CI: 0.21-0.94), while lymph node metastasis was identified as a negative predictor (HR =1.97; 95% CI: 1.16-3.36).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical intervention combined with perioperative adjuvant therapy provides significant survival benefits for patients with SCLC. Notably, preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with prolonged DFS and OS. For early-stage patients, the application of PCI should be approached cautiously. Further prospective studies are warranted to better balance its potential risks and benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 6","pages":"2227-2238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective real-world single-arm study evaluating the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with selected limited-stage small-cell lung cancer.","authors":"Wengang Zhang, Yujie Li, Jing Nie, Wencheng Zhao, Zhiyi Guo, Shunjia Li, Qianqian Zhang, Bing Bo, Xuyang Chen, Li Ye, Zhimin Chen, Hao Wang, Kandi Xu, Lishu Zhao, Xinyue Liu, Yujin Liu, Yuhang Li, Lihua Huang, Yayi He","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-209","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the advancement of surgical techniques and the introduction of neoadjuvant therapies, the risk of recurrence or distant metastases has been significantly decreased for non-small-cell lung cancer (non-SCLC) after surgery. In recent years, the application of these advanced techniques and therapies in SCLC has also shown promise. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgery in selected limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective, single-arm clinical trial, we conducted a thorough review of electronic medical records from the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between December 2015 and December 2022. Patients with a pathological diagnosis of SCLC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery were enrolled. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, specifics of neoadjuvant therapy and surgery, survival outcomes, and safety profiles of included patients were systematically collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 47 patients [7 (14.89%) females and 40 (85.11%) males; median age 61.00 years, interquartile range (IQR), 55.50-67.50 years] were enrolled. The disease control rate was 100%, with an objective response rate of 70.21% and a downstaging rate of 65.9%. The percentage of patients with a complete pathological response (CPR) and major pathological response (MPR) was 10.64% (5/47) and 12.77% (6/47, excluding CPR), respectively. In subgroups stratified by baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, the MPR rate showed no significant differences, yet a trend toward higher MPR was observed among smoking patients. At the data cutoff (October 2, 2024), the median follow-up period was 35.367 months [IQR, 26.367 months-not reached (NR)]. The median event-free survival (EFS) was 16.27 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.20-30.53] and the median overall survival (OS) was NR, with 2-, 3-, and 4-year survival rates of 79.96% (95% CI: 68.36-93.52%), 71.39% (95% CI: 57.12-89.22%), and 64.90% (95% CI: 48.52-86.82%), respectively. The stratified analysis revealed that patients achieving an MPR and those undergoing postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy exhibited longer EFS and OS. Treatment-related adverse events of grade 3-4 were observed in 21.28% of patients, with the most frequent occurrences being a decrease in neutrophil count (12.77%), followed by a decrease in platelet count (8.51%), and a decrease in white blood cell count (4.26%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgery could be a potential treatment strategy for LS-SCLC, with a high proportion of patients achieving an MPR, and manageable safety profile, that did not compromise surgical resection. Further prospective clinical trials are warranted to delineate the benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and optimize LS-SCLC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 6","pages":"2031-2046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of prognostic-related tumor microenvironment genes in lung adenocarcinoma and establishment of a prognostic prediction model.","authors":"Xisheng Fang, Shaopeng Zheng, Zekui Fang, Xiping Wu, Erin L Schenk, Lorenzo Belluomini, Huizhen Fan","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-297","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the swift advancements in immunotherapy for solid tumors, exploring immune characteristics of tumors has become increasingly important. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely related to the prognosis and treatment of tumor patients. This study aims to explore the expression characteristics and model construction of TME-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, and provide help for clinical diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm, we analyzed the transcriptomic data of 559 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set to estimate the stromal cells and immune cells, and screened the immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely, the TME-DEGs. Essential TME genes were then selected from the TME-DEGs by multivariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and a prediction model of prognostic risk score (RS) was established.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 5 crucial TME genes: <i>ABCC2, ECT2L, CD200R1, ACSM5</i>, and <i>CLEC17A</i>. Analysis of the genes' associations with prognosis and clinical features showed that <i>ABCC2</i> was significantly associated with poorer prognosis and decreased immune signatures, whereas the other 4 associated with improved prognosis and immune signatures. Further, a prognostic RS prediction model was constructed based on these 5 genes, and the results showed that patients with low RS had significantly higher overall survival (OS; P<0.001), relapse-free survival (RFS; P=0.009) and disease-free survival (DFS; P=0.005) than the high RS group, and it had a certain predictive accuracy [area under the curve (AUC)] of 5 years OS =0.70). Those were consistent in the GSE50081 cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Five crucial TME genes, <i>ABCC2, ECT2L, CD200R1, ACSM5</i>, and <i>CLEC17A</i>, are significantly correlated with the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) characteristic of LUAD patients, and the prognostic model has good prediction efficiency, which may improve clinical prognostic models and therapy selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 6","pages":"2125-2144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of non-small cell lung cancer harboring different epidermal growth factor receptor mutations to ablative radiotherapy.","authors":"Areej Al Rabea, Ian J Gerard, Paul Daniel, Sophie Camilleri-Broët, Ayman Oweida, Siham Sabri, Bassam Abdulkarim","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-2024-1034","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-2024-1034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) provides an alternative treatment for patients with inoperable early-stage lung cancer (ES-LC). The epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>) plays an important role in tumor progression and treatment resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). <i>EGFR</i>-targeted therapies in combination with radiotherapy (RT) have not been successful at enhancing RT's response or improving tumor control. The response of NSCLCs carrying <i>EGFR</i> mutations to SABR has not been well investigated, although worse overall survival is seen among patients with L858R-<i>EGFR</i> mutations. We aim to evaluate the effect of different <i>EGFR</i>-mutant lung cancers to SABR <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> and provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of response and resistance to SABR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A549 cells were stably transfected with either wild-type-<i>EGFR</i> (WT), deleted-<i>EGFR</i> (DEL), or L858R-<i>EGFR</i> (L858R) constructs to generate isogenic cell lines. <i>In vitro</i> assessment included colony formation, cell viability, and proliferation assays. Tumor formation was assessed by subcutaneous injection of pre-irradiated cells in yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. All mice were sourced from the Animal Resource Division at the McGill University Healthcare Centre. Response to SABR was evaluated in mice injected subcutaneously with isogenic cells and followed with sham or 34 Gy treatment. Tumors collected from both groups were evaluated for SABR effect histologically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>EGFR</i>-mutant cell lines displayed a similar <i>in vitro</i> response to SABR: reduced colony formation, cell viability, and cell cycle arrest in G2. Pre-irradiated WT-<i>EGFR</i> and L858R-<i>EGFR</i> NSCLC cell lines maintained their ability to initiate tumor growth <i>in vivo</i>, whilst pre-irradiated DEL-<i>EGFR</i> cells were unable to form tumors upon injection. Subcutaneous DEL-<i>EGFR</i> xenograft tumors had a significant decrease in tumor volume post-SABR treatment compared to WT and L858R-<i>EGFR</i> xenografts. Histological assessment demonstrated less necrosis and a decrease (P=0.049) of apoptotic cells in DEL-<i>EGFR</i>-treated tumors compared to L858R-<i>EGFR</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Novel demonstration of DEL-<i>EGFR</i> mutation imparting better response to SABR compared to WT-<i>EGFR</i> or L858R-<i>EGFR</i> mutations, consistent with findings from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), suggesting L858R-<i>EGFR</i> mutations are associated with worse overall survival. Radiation dose fractionation should be investigated further to establish an optimal SABR regimen in the context of LCs and possible overall survival with <i>EGFR</i> mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 6","pages":"2062-2073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the development of next-generation lung cancer immunotherapy.","authors":"Yoshinobu Ichiki, Nako Saito, Ryo Taguchi, Tetsuya Umesaki, Hiroyuki Nitanda, Hirozo Sakaguchi, Hironori Ishida, Tomonori Kawasaki, Hisao Imai, Kyoichi Kaira, Hiroshi Kagamu","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-2024-1097","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-2024-1097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune system attempts to eliminate foreign substances, such as pathogens and viruses, that invade the body. As normal cells transform into cancerous cells, the immune system can eliminate these cells and suppress cancer onset. The immune system is regulated so that it does not become overactive or attack normal cells. When cancer cells transform from normal cells, they acquire various characteristics, and some cancer cells influence the regulatory function of the immune system to suppress it and escape immune attack. Therefore, treatments have been developed to eliminate the suppression of the immune system by cancer cells and to restore the immune system's ability to eliminate cancer cells. Immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, cancer vaccines, and effector cell therapies. Cytokine therapy activates the immune system by injecting substances produced by immune cells (such as interleukin 2 and interferon alpha) into the body, thereby increasing the ability of the immune system to attack cancer cells. Cancer vaccine therapy enhances the attack on cancer cells by injecting substances (antigens) that serve as markers for cancer cells into the body to make it easier for immune cells to detect the cancer. Depending on the type of antigen, cancer peptides, tumor cells, and dendritic cell vaccines are available. Effector cell therapy is a treatment method in which immune cells that directly attack cancer cells [CD8⁺ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, etc.] are taken from the patient's body, expanded outside the body, activated, and returned to the body to attack cancer cells. To develop these treatments, it is essential to understand the cells and molecules related to immunity as well as the local tumor environment. In this article, we consider the factors related to antitumor immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 6","pages":"2257-2271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidity of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlation and optimization of treatment strategies.","authors":"Huixin Jiang, Gengda Huang, Du Feng, Till Plönes, Robert P Young, Ramin Salehi-Rad, Qibo Liu, Ying Meng, Chengzhi Zhou","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-480","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-2025-480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer (LC) are two major global public health challenges, both characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Given that COPD and LC share many common risk factors, they frequently coexist, further exacerbating the overall disease burden. The comorbidity of COPD and LC not only increases the risk of both conditions, but also reflects the complex pathophysiological relationship between them. This relationship involves mechanisms such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and cellular senescence, which collectively contribute to the development of LC and the progression of COPD. Recent studies have shown that patients with COPD are significantly more likely to develop LC, while the presence of LC may also worsen COPD symptoms and accelerate its progression. This dual impact not only places an additional physiological burden on patients but also complicates the clinical management of these diseases. This study sought to summarize the epidemiological characteristics, comorbidity mechanisms, and key risk factors associated with COPD and LC. It also aimed to explore the shared pathophysiological mechanisms underlying both diseases, highlighting the complex and multifaceted nature of their comorbidity. Additionally, it sought to summarize individualized intervention strategies to reduce the reciprocal impact of both conditions, improve patients' quality of life, and provide scientific evidence for clinical practice, ultimately offering more effective solutions to the growing healthcare challenges posed by this comorbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 6","pages":"2296-2308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}