Translational lung cancer research最新文献

{"title":"Recurrence as a small cell lung cancer transformation in a resected stage IIIA EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer treated with adjuvant osimertinib: a case report.","authors":"Julie Lasvergnas, Isabelle Monnet, Jean-Bernard Auliac, Gaelle Rousseau-Bussac, Christos Chouaid, Jean-Baptiste Assié","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-830","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Based on improvements in recurrence-free and overall survival, osimertinib is now widely used as an adjuvant treatment in stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presenting with a common epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. Histological transformation is a well-known resistance mechanism to osimertinib in EGFR-mutated metastatic NSCLC, but we currently have insufficient data on recurrence mechanisms in the adjuvant context. We present here the case of a patient treated with adjuvant osimertinib and presenting a small cell lung cancer (SCLC) transformation as a recurrence.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 54-year-old man, never-smoker and with no previous medical history, underwent right superior lobectomy with lymph node resection for a pT3N1M0 [stage IIIA, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) 8^th edition] adenocarcinoma. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) negative with an EGFR exon 19 deletion. The patient received 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy before starting adjuvant osimertinib 80 mg. After 35 months of adjuvant osimertinib the patient had a local recurrence and the re biopsy showed an SCLC transformation, underlining the importance of careful surveillance and biopsy at the time of recurrence in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>this case report provides evidence of SCLC transformation while on adjuvant osimertinib, in a pT3N1 EGFR, RB1 and TP53-mutated pulmonary adenocarcinoma. This highlights the importance of biopsy on recurrence and the transformation potential of the EGFR, RB1 and TP53-mutated adenocarcinomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"287-291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility and feasibility of three-dimensional reconstruction in surgical planning for multiple pulmonary nodules: a prospective self-controlled study.","authors":"Zhifei Li, Runze Li, Lei Liu, Peng Li, Yue Peng, Yuichi Saito, Alberto Salvicchi, Satoshi Fumimoto, Bin Qiu, Fengwei Tan, Qi Xue, Shugeng Gao, Jie He","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-849","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Three-dimensional (3D) is a useful tool for visualizing computed tomography (CT) scans, facilitating a clearer understanding of the spatial relationships between pulmonary lesions and the branching architecture of the bronchi and blood vessels. Several studies have demonstrated the benefit of preoperative 3D reconstruction in terms of intraoperative safety and short-term surgical outcomes after thoracoscopic surgery. However, evidence regarding the impact of 3D reconstruction on surgical planning of anatomical partial lobectomy (APL) is still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 3D reconstruction in surgical planning and decision making compared with conventional clinical imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective self-controlled study included 49 patients with multiple lung nodules (MLNs). A 3D reconstruction model was created using thin-slice CT images with Mimics 21.0 software. Two novice surgeons and two experienced surgeons respectively conducted surgical planning based on the CT images and 3D reconstruction sequentially. The surgical plans based on the CT images and 3D reconstruction were compared with those after the evaluation of intraoperative inspection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 49 participants enrolled to undergo sublobar resection (the patient level), 3D reconstruction significantly increased the surgical planning success rates both in novice surgeons (Surgeon A: 40.8% to 87.8%; Surgeon B: 49.0% to 89.8%) and experienced surgeons (Surgeon C: 83.7% to 100%; Surgeon D: 75.5% to 95.9%). For the entire 101 pulmonary nodules determined suitable for APL (the nodule level), all surgeons had higher surgical planning success rates with the help of 3D reconstruction and all success rates were above 90%. The gap in surgical planning success rates between novice surgeons and senior surgeons was closed. All patients were operated without intraoperative accident and without major postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The surgical planning success rates of both novice surgeons and experienced surgeons were significantly increased with the help of 3D reconstruction and reached a high level. 3D reconstruction also closed the gap of surgical planning between novice surgeons and experienced surgeons at patient level.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"194-208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lobectomy plus lobe-specific lymphadenectomy as the minimum standards of curative resection for hypermetabolic clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Runze Li, Zhifei Li, Peng Li, Jianchuan Chen, Bin Qiu, Fengwei Tan, Qi Xue, Shugeng Gao, Jie He","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-804","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The results of three modern randomized controlled trials have proved sublobar resection as an effective procedure for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) up to 2 cm. We aimed to examine whether sublobar resection is oncologically feasible and what constitutes adequate lymph node assessment for hypermetabolic clinical stage IA (cIA) NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center retrospective study was conducted in 589 patients who underwent lobectomy (n=526) or sublobar resection (n=63) for hypermetabolic cIA NSCLC [maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) ≥2.6 g/dL]. The primary outcomes (lung cancer-specific death and tumor recurrence) were compared in a competing risks framework for all patients and the propensity score matched pairs. Random forests were used to examine the variable importance for lung cancer-specific survival and tumor recurrence. Factors affecting pathological upstaging and recurrence-free survival were assessed by logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sublobar resection had significantly higher lung cancer-specific cumulative incidence of death (LC-CID) and cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) than lobectomy after matching (5-year LC-CID, 20.8% <i>vs</i>. 6.5%, P<0.001; 5-year CIR, 37.9% <i>vs</i>. 14.8%, P<0.001). Wedge resection was an independent risk factor for both lung-cancer specific death [hazard ratio (HR) =4.17; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.07-8.36; P<0.001] and recurrence (HR =3.48; 95% CI: 1.91-6.33; P<0.001). Lymphadenectomy that failed to meet the lobe-specific nodal dissection (LSND) criteria correlated with decreased odds of pathological nodal upstaging [odds ratio (OR) =0.55; 95% CI: 0.34-0.87; P=0.01]. While patients with LSND had lower LC-CIR and CIR, there was no additional prognostic benefit of systemic nodal dissection (SND) over LSND.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lobectomy was oncologically superior to sublobar resection as a curative-intent procedure for hypermetabolic cIA NSCLC. Lobectomy plus lobe-specific lymphadenectomy should be considered as the minimum standards of curative resection for hypermetabolic early-stage NSCLC in order to achieve more accurate pathological N staging and better cancer control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"14-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immortal time bias in survival outcomes when comparing treatment with chemotherapy versus immunochemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Kaitlyn M Tsuruda, Helga H Hektoen, Denise Reis Costa, Bettina Kulle Andreassen","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-1002","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-1002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"300-302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing leptomeningeal metastases treatment in <i>EGFR</i>-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: lessons from the BLOSSOM trial.","authors":"Martina Bortolot, Jarno W J Huijs, Dieta Brandsma, Annette Compter, Robin M J M van Geel, Lizza E L Hendriks","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-1006","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-1006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based lung cancer risk assessment using chest computed tomography images without pulmonary nodules ≥8 mm.","authors":"Su Yang, Sang-Heon Lim, Jeong-Ho Hong, Jae Seok Park, Jonghong Kim, Hae Won Kim","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-882","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) screening improves early detection of lung cancer but poses challenges such as false positives and overdiagnosis, especially for nodules smaller than 8 mm where follow-up guidelines are unclear. Traditional risk prediction models have limitations, and deep learning (DL) algorithms offer potential improvements but often require large datasets. This study aimed to develop a DL-based, label-free lung cancer risk prediction model using alternative LDCT images and validate it in individuals without non-calcified solid pulmonary nodules larger than 8 mm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized LDCT scans from individuals without non-calcified solid nodules larger than 8 mm to develop a DL-based lung cancer risk prediction model. An alternative training dataset included 1,064 LDCT scans: 380 from patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer and 684 from control individuals without lung cancer development over 5 years. For the lung cancer group, only the contralateral lung (without the tumor) was analyzed to represent high-risk individuals without large nodules. The LDCT scans were randomly divided into training and validation sets in a 3:1 ratio. Four three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs; 3D-CNN, MobileNet v2, SEResNet18, EfficientNet-B0) were trained using densely connected U-Net (DenseUNet)-segmented lung parenchyma images. The models were validated on a real-world test dataset comprising 1,306 LDCT scans (1,254 low-risk and 52 high-risk individuals) and evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), Brier scores, and calibration measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the validation dataset, the AUC values were 0.801 for 3D-CNN, 0.802 for MobileNet v2, 0.755 for EfficientNet-B0, and 0.833 for SEResNet18. Corresponding Brier scores were 0.169, 0.175, 0.217, and 0.156, respectively, indicating good calibration, especially for SEResNet18. In the test dataset, the AUC values were 0.769 for 3D-CNN, 0.753 for MobileNet v2, 0.681 for EfficientNet-B0, and 0.820 for SEResNet18, with Brier scores of 0.169, 0.180, 0.202, and 0.138, respectively. The SEResNet18 model demonstrated the best performance, achieving the highest AUC and lowest Brier score in both validation and test datasets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrated that DL-based, label-free lung cancer risk prediction models using alternative LDCT images can effectively predict lung cancer development in individuals without non-calcified solid pulmonary nodules larger than 8 mm. By analyzing lung parenchyma on LDCT images without relying on nodule detection, these models may enhance the efficiency of LDCT screening programs. Further prospective studies are needed to determine their clinical utility and impact on screening protocols, and validation in larger, diverse populations is necessary to ensure generalizability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"150-162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lorlatinib in frontline treatment of advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer: a highly efficient new standard of care but still challenging to manage.","authors":"Mylène Wespiser, Aurélie Swalduz, Maurice Pérol","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-903","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-903","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-reported outcomes in the early postoperative period following resection of unilateral multiple pulmonary nodules: implications for surgical decision-making.","authors":"Qian Hong, Hang Yi, Yan Wang, Wenqi Li, Chang Zhan, Shuai Zhu, Ding Yang, Rui Han, Guochao Zhang, Juwei Mu","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-702","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With increased early lung cancer screening, synchronous multiple pulmonary nodules are more frequently detected. However, due to the lack of standardized treatment strategies, their management remains contentious. This study utilizes patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to assess early postoperative symptoms and functionality, aiming to determine the optimal resection extent for unilateral multiple pulmonary nodules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this longitudinal cohort study, 550 patients undergoing single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for pulmonary nodules were categorized into two groups based on resection extent: single-lobe and multiple-lobe. The Perioperative Symptom Assessment for Patients Undergoing Lung Surgery (PSA-Lung) scale was used to measure symptom severity, functional status, and short-term outcomes preoperatively, daily from postoperative days 1-4, and weekly up to four weeks post-surgery. Mixed-effects models were used to compare the differences in PRO scores over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 416 had single-lobe and 134 had multiple-lobe surgeries. The multiple-lobe group reported significantly worse symptoms of pain (P=0.04), shortness of breath (P<0.001), disturbed sleep (P=0.007), and fatigue (P=0.01), along with greater functional impairments in walking (P=0.002) and daily activities (P=0.002). We then analyzed the distribution of postoperative moderate-severe symptoms and functional impairment in both groups. We found that the proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe shortness of breath (P<0.001), disturbed sleep (P<0.001), difficulty in walking (P=0.001), and difficulty in daily activities (P<0.001) was significantly higher in the multiple-lobe group than in the single-lobe group. Moreover, patients with multiple-lobe surgeries had a longer recovery time from pain (P=0.02) and drowsiness (P=0.005) than those with single lobe surgeries. As a matter of course, surgical times were significantly longer in the multiple-lobe group than in the single-lobe group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multiple-lobe surgery patients faced more severe postoperative symptoms and functional impairments, with extended recovery times. These results advocate for a conservative surgical approach, favoring long-term monitoring over extensive resection for patients with unilateral multiple nodules without clear signs of malignancy or progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"27-39"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of adjuvant tegafur-uracil (UFT) in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer with poor prognostic factors.","authors":"Takuya Watanabe, Masayuki Tanahashi, Eriko Suzuki, Naoko Yoshii, Takuya Kohama, Kensuke Iguchi, Takumi Endo","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-820","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative recurrence is a significant problem in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with recurrence rates of 35% for stage IB and 50% for stage IIA. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tegafur-uracil (UFT) as an adjuvant therapy in NSCLC patients with poor prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted of 330 patients with stage IB/IIA NSCLC who underwent lung resection between 2000 and 2019. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of poor prognostic factors (vascular, lymphatic, or pleural invasion or high pathological grade). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the UFT-treated and untreated groups using a Kaplan-Meier analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among these patients, 85.8% had poor prognostic factors. In patients with poor prognostic factors, the 5-year RFS rates in the UFT and non-UFT groups were 74.3% and 62.6%, respectively (P=0.048), and the 5-year OS was 85.6% and 62.4%, respectively (P<0.001). In patients without poor prognostic factors, UFT significantly extended OS (90.2% <i>vs</i>. 57.2%, P=0.03), but did not significantly affect RFS (P=0.40).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postoperative adjuvant therapy with UFT significantly improved both RFS and OS in patients with stage IB/IIA NSCLC with poor prognostic factors. The administration of UFT should be considered in patients with high-risk early-stage NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"139-149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential utility of miRNAs derived from pleural fluid extracellular vesicles to differentiate between benign and malignant pleural effusions.","authors":"Tian Mun Chee, Caeli J Zahra, Kwun M Fong, Ian A Yang, Rayleen V Bowman","doi":"10.21037/tlcr-24-945","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tlcr-24-945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytological examination is of suboptimal sensitivity but high specificity for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). Pleural fluid extracellular vesicles (PFEVs) are enriched with disease-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) which may improve the diagnostic yield for MPE. Our previous study demonstrated the feasibility of isolating miRNAs from PFEVs and profiling PFEV miRNAs by Nanostring nCounter^® Human v3 miRNA expression assay. Here, we interrogated in a small cohort to evaluate the diagnostic potential of PFEV miRNAs to differentiate between benign pleural effusion and MPE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from pleural fluids were isolated by two sequential ultracentrifugation steps. PFEVs were extracted and characterised by western blotting analysis, particle analysis by tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) technology, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Total RNAs (including miRNAs) were extracted from PFEVs and profiled by the Nanostring nCounter^® 827 probe miRNA expression assay. Differential expression analysis of the miRNA expression assays on PFEV samples was performed using the Bioconductor DESeq2 package.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EVs from pleural fluids were evident by staining of positive EV-associated protein markers, particle size distribution within the expected parameters, and the cup-shaped morphology by TEM. Employing Nanostring nCounter^® Human v3 miRNA expression assay, this proof-of-principle study demonstrated PFEV miRNAs were differentially expressed between benign effusions and malignant effusions [malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) or lung adenocarcinoma metastatic to pleura (metLUAD)]. The expression of six miRNAs (hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-136-5p, hsa-miR-141-3p, hsa-miR-145-5p, hsa-miR-200c-3p, and hsa-miR-9-5p) significantly differed between benign and malignant effusions, or between MPM and metLUAD, at adjusted P<0.05 and log₂fold change ≥1.0.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The miRNAs identified from this study could be interrogated further for their utility as a single biomarker candidate or to be tested simultaneously in a panel to complement pleural effusion diagnostics. PFEV miRNAs represent a novel bioresource with potential to aid in the diagnosis of pleural effusions. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm their diagnostic utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":23271,"journal":{"name":"Translational lung cancer research","volume":"14 1","pages":"124-138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}