Translational andrology and urology最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of <i>GINS</i> subunit expression, prognostic value, and immune infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Yuxiang Zhang, Qian Sun, Wei Meng, Lingling Xie, Ningning Li, Jiayi Zhang, Tong Zhang, Yangbo Guan, Limin Ma","doi":"10.21037/tau-24-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-24-95","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent decades, there has been increasing evidence that Go-Ichi-Nii-San (<i>GINS</i>) subunits play an important role in the development and progression of various tumors. However, little research has been conducted on the role of <i>GINS</i> subunits in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). This study sought to explore the differential expression, prognosis, and immunological significance of <i>GINS</i> subunits in ccRCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used various analysis packages of R (version 3.6.3), the University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer (UALCAN) data analysis portal, the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), the cBio Cancer Genomics Portal (cBioPortal), and the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) to study the gene expression, promoter methylation level, gene mutations, prognostic and diagnostic value, immune infiltration, pathway enrichment, and other aspects of the <i>GINS</i> subunits. Next, the genes related to the <i>GINS</i> subunits were analyzed using the STRING and GeneMANIA platforms, and the correlation between GINS subunits and the functions involved were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression level of <i>GINS1/2/3/4</i> was significantly higher in ccRCC tumor tissues than normal tissues, and was significantly related to tumor grade and stage. The expression of <i>GINS1/2/4</i> may be related to the methylation degree of the promoter region. The prognostic and diagnostic analyses showed that the increased expression of <i>GINS1</i> was associated with various poor prognoses and had diagnostic value. The <i>GINS</i> subunit mutation also significantly affected the clinical prognosis of ccRCC patients. Finally, the correlation analysis of the immune infiltration level, co-expression, and enrichment of related genes indicated that <i>GINS</i> subunit expression was associated with different levels of ccRCC immune infiltration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analysis results showed that the differential expression of <i>GINS</i> subunits in ccRCC, which had prognostic and diagnostic value, was correlated with clinicopathological stage, immune infiltration, and other related aspects. <i>GINS1</i> may serve as a new potential prognostic biomarker for ccRCC patients and be used to guide treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23270,"journal":{"name":"Translational andrology and urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary intakes of vitamin B₆, folate, vitamin B₁₂ and erectile dysfunction: a national population-based study.","authors":"Wei Wang, Qiuping Luo, Liyuan Xiang, Yang Xiong, Feng Qin, Jiuhong Yuan","doi":"10.21037/tau-24-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-24-161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While deficiencies in vitamin B₆, folate, and vitamin B₁₂ are linked to various human diseases, including anemia, depression, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), literature regarding the association between vitamin B₆, folate, and vitamin B₁₂ and erectile dysfunction (ED) is scarce. We aimed to determine the dietary intake of vitamin B₆, folate, and vitamin B₁₂ and ED in the United States population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted data from the 2001-2004 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary intakes of B vitamins were collected based on one 24-hour dietary recall. The association between dietary intake of vitamin B₆, folate, vitamin B₁₂ and ED was examined using multivariate logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,875 participants were included for analysis, with 1,201 reporting ED and 2,894 not experiencing ED. The multivariable odds ratios (ORs) for the highest <i>vs.</i> lowest quartiles of vitamin B₆ was 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-0.99; P for trend =0.03] for the prevalence of ED. Subgroup analyses demonstrated a significant inverse association between dietary intake of vitamin B₆, folate, vitamin B₁₂ and the prevalence of ED among men aged ≤60 years, individuals of Mexican American and non-Hispanic White ethnicity, and those without a history of CVD, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The consumption of dietary vitamin B₆, folate, and vitamin B₁₂ was significantly linked to decreased risks of ED among younger healthier men, suggesting a potential protective role of these nutrients against ED in United States adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":23270,"journal":{"name":"Translational andrology and urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are primary tumors suitable for biomarker-guided treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer?","authors":"Mathijs P Scholtes, Geert J L H van Leenders, Debbie G J Robbrecht, Joost L Boormans, Tahlita C M Zuiverloon","doi":"10.21037/tau-24-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-24-112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23270,"journal":{"name":"Translational andrology and urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and validation of a prediction model for inguinal lymph node metastasis of penile malignancy.","authors":"Kun Zhang, Longguo Dai, Huijian Wang, Shiyi Xu, Xianli Cheng, Yang Wang, Haiyang Jiang, Chongjian Zhang, Bingyu Zhu, Yuanlong Shi, Yu Bai","doi":"10.21037/tau-24-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-24-145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Penile squamous cell carcinoma is a relatively rare malignancy among male malignancies, there are more than 30,000 new cases and more than 10,000 deaths of penile cancer annually. In patients with penile malignancy, inguinal lymph node metastasis (ILNM) significantly reduces patient survival. Thus, we identified the risk factors for ILNM in penile malignancies, aiming to develop a precise prediction model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 112 male patients with penile cancer. All subjects underwent penile surgery and inguinal lymphadenectomy at the same time, and postoperative pathology confirmed ILNM. Fisher's exact test, <i>t</i>-test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to assess differences in demographic information and clinical features between the two groups, followed by logical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to determine risk factors of ILNM. The prediction model was constructed using nomogram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LASSO regression revealed that age [β=-0.005, odds ratio (OR) =0.995], smoking history (β=-0.006, OR =0.994) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) level (β=-0.0112, OR =0.989) were protective against ILNM. However, lymph node diameter (β=0.3117, OR =1.366), T-stage (β=0.1254, OR =1.134), fibrinogen (β=0.0377, OR =1.038), IL-4 level (β=0.004, OR =1.001), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (β=0.0355, OR =1.034) were risk factors for developing ILNM. When assessing the risk of metastasis, it is crucial to balance these factors. The aforementioned characteristics were utilized to establish the predictive model, which demonstrated a good predictive ability with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.81. Moreover, internal leave-one-way cross-validation was used to construct a nomogram showing consistency, with an AUC of 0.75.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The diagnosis of ILNM in penile malignant tumors can be predicted through clinicopathological features, biochemical tests, and prediction models based on tumor markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23270,"journal":{"name":"Translational andrology and urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal choice of first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma based on the results of extended follow-up data.","authors":"Goshi Kitano, Takahiro Kojima","doi":"10.21037/tau-24-172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-24-172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23270,"journal":{"name":"Translational andrology and urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic accuracy of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in assessing kidney function in severe hydronephrosis.","authors":"Langlang Yang, Longfei Wu, Jinxian Pu, Guglielmo Mantica, Qilin Xi, Feng Li","doi":"10.21037/tau-24-336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-24-336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Up to now, there is no perfect indicator to evaluate the renal function of severe hydronephrosis, which poses difficulties in the selection of clinical treatment decisions. This study investigates the role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in urine drained from the nephrostomy tube shortly after nephrostomy to evaluate the renal function of patients with severe hydronephrosis caused by ureteral obstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical data, and blood and urine samples of 24 patients with severe hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction were retrospectively collected. The NGAL in the urine drained from the nephrostomy tube on the morning of the first day after the procedure was measured. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined using a nuclear scan, and the clearance rate of creatinine was calculated based on nephrostomy drainage. The correlation between the NGAL level, urine volume post-nephrostomy, affected side GFR, and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) was assessed. Moreover, the relationship between the urinary NGAL levels and prognosis was analyzed based on whether the patients underwent nephrectomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant correlation between the urine NGAL from the nephrostomy of the affected side and the Ccr and urine volume post-nephrostomy (both P<0.05). Compared with the patients in the kidney preservation group, those who underwent nephrectomy had significantly increased NGAL levels, and significantly reduced Ccrs and nephrostomy drainage urine output. Through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluation, the efficacy of NGAL in predicting nephrectomy was found to be superior to both the Ccr and urine output, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.845.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The NGAL in the urine shortly after nephrostomy may indicate severe renal functional deterioration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23270,"journal":{"name":"Translational andrology and urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms in andrology-a narrative review.","authors":"Zisong Xie, Kaifeng Liu, Shengmin Zhang, Yongzhan Gong, Zihao Wang, Pengjie Lu","doi":"10.21037/tau-24-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-24-153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme involved in folate metabolism and one-carbon metabolism. MTHFR gene polymorphism affects enzyme activity. MTHFR gene polymorphism is closely related to many human diseases, such as cardiocerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, neural tube defects (NTDs), tumors, and so on. In the field of Andrology, MTHFR gene polymorphism may be associated with male infertility and erectile dysfunction (ED), and there is a possibility of treating male infertility and ED by supplementing with folic acid. However, its exact pathophysiologic mechanism is not fully understood. We sought to obtain a robust understanding of the interactions between MTHFR gene polymorphism, oxidative stress, DNA methylation, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), male infertility, and ED.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a non-systematic literature review using the PubMed database to identify articles specifically related to MTHFR, male infertility and ED.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>Our literature review on MTHFR gene polymorphism in male infertility patients indicates a significant association between C677T gene polymorphism and male infertility. There is limited literature on the correlation between ED and MTHFR gene polymorphism, and there are two different conclusions, related and unrelated. More clinical data are needed to clarify the conclusion. There is a possibility of using folic acid supplementation to treat male infertility and ED, especially for patients with thymine-thymine (TT) genotype. Future research is necessary to further understand the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphism and male infertility and ED.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our literature review on MTHFR gene polymorphism in male infertility patients indicates a significant association between C677T gene polymorphism and male infertility. Folic acid supplementation can improve sperm quality. The correlation between MTHFR gene polymorphisms and ED is questionable and needs to be confirmed by more clinical data. MTHFR gene polymorphisms are associated with homocysteine (Hcy) levels, which affects vascular endothelial function and may be related to the development of vascular ED (VED). Folic acid supplementation improves International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire scores in ED patients in whom phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) alone is ineffective.</p>","PeriodicalId":23270,"journal":{"name":"Translational andrology and urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and expression of prognostic-related genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma and their possible regulatory mechanisms.","authors":"Qian Liu, Jun Ding","doi":"10.21037/tau-24-299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-24-299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many factors affect the prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Early diagnosis can significantly improve the prognosis of KIRC patients. Therefore, a method needs to be developed to diagnose KIRC early, predict patient prognosis, and improve personalized treatments. The objective of this study is to utilize bioinformatics tools and public database resources to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between renal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues, and to further screen for prognostic-related genes (PRGs) of KIRC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>KIRC was studied using R language and FunRich software and several databases, including the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the University of Alabama at Birmingham cancer data analysis Portal (UALCAN), and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the expression of multiple genes in KIRC and adjacent normal tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were substantial differences in immune cell infiltration between the KIRC and adjacent normal tissues in the GSE40435 and GSE46699 datasets. In addition, we screened multiple PRGs of KIRC by combining the GEO and TCGA data. The UALCAN database verified that some representative PRGs were differently expressed depending on the lymph node metastasis status, grade, and stage of KIRC. The qRT-PCR results confirmed the expression of the PRGs in KIRC and adjacent normal tissues. Through the GO and KEGG analyses, interaction analysis, and TIMER database, we found that the prognosis of KIRC was closely related to immune microenvironment and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) signaling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings could contribute to the prognosis prediction of KIRC, the selection of personalized treatments, and the early diagnosis of KIRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23270,"journal":{"name":"Translational andrology and urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global, propensity-score matched analysis of patients receiving inflatable penile prostheses and the risk of complications, infections, and re-interventions.","authors":"Halle E Foss, Zachary J Prebay, David Ebbott, Matthew B Buck, Michael Li, Paul H Chung","doi":"10.21037/tau-23-412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-23-412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over 25,000 men undergo inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) placement yearly to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). Although various comorbidities are hypothesized risk factors for complications, this remains incompletely understood. Our objective was to utilize multi-institutional data to characterize risk for reintervention, complications, and infections in patients with common suspected risk factors undergoing IPP placement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We queried the TriNetX database for adult men who underwent IPP placement from 2003-2023 utilizing Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. We examined the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), nicotine use, radiation therapy (RT), radical prostatectomy (RP), and urethral surgery [urethroplasty, artificial urinary sphincter (AUS), male urethral sling (MS)] on clinical outcomes defined by International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes. Our primary outcome was need for reintervention based on CPT codes. Secondary outcomes included overall rates of complication and infection utilizing ICD-10 codes. Analytics were performed using TriNetX to calculate risk ratios (RRs) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival. We evaluated outcomes overall and for each individual comparison cohort using the remaining demographic variables to perform propensity score matching (PSM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a total of 11,026 patients there was an overall 13.5% risk of undergoing at least one reintervention, with some undergoing multiple based on CPT codes. KM analysis showed a median IPP survival of 18.2 years and a projected 10- and 20-year survival probability at 70.6% and 48.4% respectively. Overall complication rate was 19.3% with a 5.2% rate of infection based on ICD codes. Patients with history of urethral surgery were at higher risk of both IPP complication and re-intervention. When further analyzing type of re-intervention, patients with a history of smoking, prior RP, and prior AUS/MS placement had higher rates of device removal. Patients with a history of diabetes were less likely to undergo IPP replacement at the time of explant. There were no identified risk factors for IPP infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the largest cohort of patients ever evaluated and can help guide patient selection and counseling. There was a higher rate of IPP complications than previously reported, but this may be due to different reporting parameters. History of prior urethral surgery conferred a higher risk of complications and re-intervention. These results can help guide patient selection and counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":23270,"journal":{"name":"Translational andrology and urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative infection prevention during inflatable penile prosthesis surgery: a narrative review.","authors":"Asia N Matthew-Onabanjo, Ashley N Matthew, Efemona Famati, Vy Nguyen, Marc J Rogers","doi":"10.21037/tau-23-497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-23-497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Penile prostheses are an option for the management of erectile dysfunction (ED). Over the years penile prosthesis surgery has become increasingly safe owing to improvements such as antibiotic usage, coated devices, and surgical techniques. However, infection remains a dreaded complication during prosthesis surgery. Efforts to minimize risk of infection in the perioperative period have been extensively studied. Herein, we performed a narrative review on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative strategies for infection prevention during placement of a penile prosthesis with a comparison of infection prevention strategies to other surgical fields.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies evaluating perioperative management of penile prosthesis infection were included. The following search terms were used to for our literature search: penile prosthesis, inflatable penile prosthesis, infection, prevention, perioperative management. Articles were graded based on the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (OCEBM) guidelines and a table was generated with each intervention discussed and its level of evidence based on current literature.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>Optimization of patient's comorbid conditions can help reduce risk during prosthesis operations. Monitoring and optimizing a patient's glycemic control has been investigated, but the current literature does not necessarily support a strict hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or pre-operative blood glucose level. Surgical field preparation using chlorhexidine-based solutions has been shown to be superior to iodine-based solutions. Appropriately selected peri-operative antibiotics have also been shown to reduce infection risk. Intraoperatively, the use of coated devices in addition to a 'no touch' technique have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) infection. Post operatively, available evidence of antibiotic use has not been demonstrated to be effective in reducing infection rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical infection following placement of an IPP is a devastating and morbid complication with infection rate up as high as 1-3% in virgin cases and 7-18% in revision cases. While perioperative techniques exist and have reduced risk of infection, more prospective data is needed to evaluate the clinical significance of these different approaches. More research in these areas, along with future options such as nanoparticles, antibiotic coated suture, and next generation sequencing (NGS) for bacterial pathogens, may shed light on further ways to optimize infection reduction strategies for prosthesis surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":23270,"journal":{"name":"Translational andrology and urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}