{"title":"Epitope landscape in autoimmune neurological disease and beyond.","authors":"Ivan Talucci, Hans M Maric","doi":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoantibody binding has a central role in autoimmune diseases and has also been linked to cancer, infections, and behavioral disorders. Autoimmune neurological diseases remain misclassified also due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying disease-specific epitopes. Such epitopes are crucial for both pathology and diagnosis, but have historically been overlooked. Recent technological advancements have enabled the exploration of these epitopes, potentially opening novel clinical avenues. The precise identification of novel B and T cell epitopes and their autoreactivity has led to the discovery of autoantigen-specific biomarkers for patients at high risk of autoimmune neurological diseases. In this review, we propose utilizing newly available synthetic and cellular-surface display technologies and guide epitope-focused studies to unlock the potential of disease-specific epitopes for improving diagnosis and treatments. Additionally, we offer recommendations to guide emerging epitope-focused studies to broaden the current landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":23250,"journal":{"name":"Trends in pharmacological sciences","volume":" ","pages":"768-780"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanotherapy for human papillomavirus-associated cancers: breakthroughs and challenges.","authors":"Jéssica Lopes-Nunes, Paula A Oliveira, Carla Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are well-known causative agents of several cancers, yet selective therapies remain under investigation. Nanoparticles, for instance, are emerging as promising solutions to enhance the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic approaches. Despite the increasing number of nanotherapies offering advantages over current treatments, only one has advanced to clinical trials. This review highlights recent advances in nanotherapies for HPV-associated cancers, focusing on the delivery of small molecules, gene-targeted therapies, and vaccines. Some of the challenges faced in nanotherapies translation for clinical application are discussed, emphasizing the most used preclinical models that fail to accurately predict human responses, thereby hindering proper evaluation of nanotherapies. Additionally, we explore and discuss alternative promising new preclinical models that could pave the way for more effective nanotherapeutic evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23250,"journal":{"name":"Trends in pharmacological sciences","volume":" ","pages":"781-797"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subscription and Copyright Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0165-6147(24)00156-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-6147(24)00156-1","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":23250,"journal":{"name":"Trends in pharmacological sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advisory Board and Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s0165-6147(24)00152-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-6147(24)00152-4","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":23250,"journal":{"name":"Trends in pharmacological sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiple hERG channel blocking pathways: implications for macromolecules.","authors":"Bernd J Zünkler","doi":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous non-cardiovascular drugs have a potential to induce life-threatening torsades de pointes (TdP) ventricular cardiac arrhythmias by blocking human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) currents via binding to the channel's inner cavity. Identification of the hERG current-inhibiting properties of candidate drugs is performed focusing on binding sites in the channel pore. It has been suggested that biologicals have a low likelihood of hERG current inhibition, since their poor diffusion across the plasma membrane prevents them from reaching the binding site in the channel pore. However, biologicals could influence hERG channel function by binding to 'unconventional' noncanonical binding sites. This Opinion gives an overview on noncanonical blockers of hERG channels that might be of relevance for the assessment of the possible torsadogenic potential of macromolecular therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23250,"journal":{"name":"Trends in pharmacological sciences","volume":" ","pages":"671-677"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnesium for disease treatment and prevention: emerging mechanisms and opportunities.","authors":"Qi Gao, Onur Cil","doi":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>) is a commonly used dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of Mg<sup>2+</sup> in most diseases have been controversial because of conflicting findings in earlier studies. Recent clinical and preclinical studies provide novel insights into the use of Mg<sup>2+</sup> for the treatment and prevention of diseases affecting different organ systems. In this review, we provide an overview of recent clinical evidence for, and controversies over, the medical benefits of Mg<sup>2+</sup>. In addition, we critically discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of action of Mg<sup>2+</sup>, which could enable the development of novel targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23250,"journal":{"name":"Trends in pharmacological sciences","volume":" ","pages":"708-722"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel function of the M<sub>2</sub> muscarinic receptor.","authors":"Jürgen Wess, Liu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The M<sub>2</sub> muscarinic receptor (M2R) is a prototypic class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Interestingly, Fasciani et al. recently identified an internal translation start site within the M<sub>2</sub> receptor mRNA, directing the expression of a C-terminal receptor fragment. Elevated during cellular stress, this polypeptide localizes to mitochondria where it inhibits oxidative phosphorylation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23250,"journal":{"name":"Trends in pharmacological sciences","volume":" ","pages":"663-665"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovating cancer drug discovery with refined phenotypic screens.","authors":"Zhenyi Wang, Alzbeta Hulikova, Pawel Swietach","doi":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Before molecular pathways in cancer were known to a depth that could predict targets, drug development relied on phenotypic screening, where the effectiveness of candidate chemicals is judged from functional readouts without considering the mechanisms of action. The unraveling of tumor-specific pathways has brought targets for molecularly driven drug discovery, but precedents in the field have shown that awareness of pathways does not necessarily predict therapeutic efficacy, and many cancers still lack druggable targets. Phenotypic screening therefore retains a niche in drug development where a targeted approach is not informative. We analyze the unique advantages of phenotypic screens, and how technological advances have improved their discovery power. Notable advances include the use of larger biological panels and refined protocols that address the disease-relevance and increase data content with imaging and omic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":23250,"journal":{"name":"Trends in pharmacological sciences","volume":" ","pages":"723-738"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Targeting GPX4 in ferroptosis and cancer: chemical strategies and challenges.","authors":"Jiao Liu, Daolin Tang, Rui Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) serves as a crucial suppressor of oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis, making it an attractive target for disease therapy. Here, we discuss recent strategies and challenges associated with targeting GPX4 through covalent inhibitors, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders, and cell-type-specific degraders in the context of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23250,"journal":{"name":"Trends in pharmacological sciences","volume":" ","pages":"666-670"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141311821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PANoptosis: a novel target for cardiovascular diseases.","authors":"Qi Xiang, Zhen-Xi Geng, Xin Yi, Xiang Wei, Xue-Hai Zhu, Ding-Sheng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tips.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PANoptosis is a unique innate immune inflammatory lytic cell death pathway initiated by an innate immune sensor and driven by caspases and RIPKs. As a distinct pathway, the execution of PANoptosis cannot be hindered by targeting other cell death pathways, such as pyroptosis, apoptosis, or necroptosis. Instead, targeting key PANoptosome components can serve as a strategy to prevent this form of cell death. Given the physiological relevance in several diseases, PANoptosis is a pivotal therapeutic target. Notably, previous research has primarily focused on the role of PANoptosis in cancer and infectious and inflammatory diseases. By contrast, its role in cardiovascular diseases has not been comprehensively discussed. Here, we review the available evidence on PANoptosis in cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and aortic aneurysm and dissection, and explore a variety of agents that target PANoptosis, with the overarching goal of providing a novel complementary approach to combatting cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23250,"journal":{"name":"Trends in pharmacological sciences","volume":" ","pages":"739-756"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}