{"title":"Synergistic and antagonistic interaction between ZDDP and TiO2 nanoparticles under boundary lubrication","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lubricants are complex mixtures of additives that serve multiple purposes, and these additives must work synergistically at best and at worst, not interfere with each other. In previous research, nanoparticles of TiO<sub>2</sub> have demonstrated excellent tribological outcomes when used singularly as an additive in lubricants. In this study, we have shown that when nanoparticles of TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZDDP are used together they act antagonistically by resulting in very high wear rates wherein nanoparticles of TiO<sub>2</sub> remove the protective tribofilms from ZDDP as they form on the surface. To further investigate this behavior, we used these additives in alternating sequential order and introduced them at different time points (15 & 30 min) during the one-hour testing. Very synergistic interaction is seen when TiO<sub>2</sub> is used first followed by ZDDP wherein the TiO<sub>2</sub> reacts with the Fe substrate to form FeTiO<sub>3</sub>. This layer then serves as a superior surface for Zn-polyphosphates and Ti-phospate tribofilms formed due to the decomposition of ZDDP under tribological conditions. On the other hand, when use of ZDDP is followed by TiO<sub>2</sub> we see outcomes that favor the shorter duration of use of ZDDP, however, results are not as effective as former case where TiO<sub>2</sub> is followed by ZDDP. The addition of TiO<sub>2</sub> earlier in the tribological process assists in the development of more robust complex polyphosphate tribofilms leading to much desirable tribological properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electron-scale origin of structural superlubricity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>First-principles computations are performed to study the phenomenon of structural superlubricity (SSL) relative to self-mismatched heterojunctions, rotating-mismatched homojunctions and curvature-mismatched coaxial double-walled nanotubes. It follows from the computations that the interfacial electron density fluctuation is responsible for all characteristics of SSL and can serve as predicting and describing them efficiently. This result further reveals that SSL comes from the fact that the incommensurable contact of two inert surfaces weakens their electronic interactions considerably. The model of SSL based on the electron redistribution a fortiori overcomes the limitations presented by the models of SSL based on the registry index (RI) or on the local pinning (LP).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tribological properties of graphene oxide reinforced aramid paper-based composites","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-lubricating paper-based composites can provide technological solutions such as low friction and extended service life for the aerospace airframe kinematic mechanical components. To improve the tribological properties of aramid short fibers, this study chemically combined graphene oxide (GO) with aramid nanofibers (ANF) through intermolecular forces, creating a self-lubricating GO-reinforced aramid paper-based composite GO/ANF. Mechanical performance tests have shown that the introduction of GO can significantly improve the fracture strength, Young's modulus, and toughness of paper-based composites. The frictional performance test results show that compared with ANF, the GO/ANF paper-based composites can maintain the lowest coefficient of friction (COF) and wear under high load and high sliding rate conditions. When the amount of GO added is 1 wt%, the COF and volume wear rate of GO/ANF paper-based composites are reduced by 23 % and 89 %, respectively. Mechanism analysis indicates that synergistic effects and friction transfer films are important factors contributing to the excellent performance of paper-based composites. This GO/ANF paper-based composite has good application prospects as a good anti-wear liner material in self-lubricating sliding bearing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tribological performance evaluation of YSZ-NiCrAlY gradient materials by tribometer and nanoscratch","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tribological properties of ceramic coating often fall short of expectations because of their inherent brittleness and internal microcracking and weak bonding strength. Gradient materials containing different Yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia ceramics (YSZ) and NiCrAlY were prepared at 1050 °C using discharge plasma sintering technique. Two interlayers consisting of different content of YSZ and NiCrAlY was located between the top YSZ and the NiCrAlY substrate, and the layers obtain good bonding. The microstructure and tribological properties of the ZrO<sub>2</sub>-based gradient-structured material were investigated. The element distribution on the surface of the sample after sintering was relatively homogeneous without obvious segregation. Nanoscratch tests indicate that the YSZ based layer obtains high coefficient of friction than the NiCrAlY layer. The tribological results suggested that the coefficient of friction decreases gradually with the increase of load, adhesive wear and oxidative wear were the main wear mechanisms, the formed oxidized layer rich of Zr and Ag contribute to the reduced coefficient of friction under different loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and evaluation of multi-state wear mechanism of elastic-flexible thin-walled bearings","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>EFTWBs (Elastic-flexible thin-walled bearings) are mainly used in harmonic reducers. Under the condition of large reduction ratio and cyclic rotation, LFW (linear fretting wear), CFW (curve fretting wear) and CRF (complete rolling friction) appear in the bearing raceway. In this study, LFW and CFW experiments were carried out, and the relationship between coefficient of friction and surface hardness was analyzed. Meanwhile, the multi-dimensional analysis (surface hardness, residual stress, surface/subsurface retained austenite) of the raceway surface integrity of EFTWBs after 8000 h of high service was analyzed. Combined with the manufacturing process of EFTWBs and the above conclusions, the multi-state wear mechanism of raceway was comprehensively evaluated. The evaluation conclusions show that the raceway of EFTWBs contained CRF (including pitting and spalling) and sliding fretting wear (including LFW and CFW). The axial and tangential residual stresses of the untested and tested outer and inner ring raceways were compressive stresses. Grain delamination appeared on the tested outer and inner ring raceway subsurface (20 µm from the surface). The wear of the outer ring raceway of EFTWBs was greater than that of the inner ring, and the wear was multiple. A 430 nm nanocrystalline layer was found under FIB-TEM on the surface layer of the outer ring raceway, and the fracture and obvious dislocation appeared. The rolling-sliding wear mechanism of EFTWBs raceway was comprehensively evaluated. The accuracy of this analysis was verified by combining thin-walled ring and Hertz theories. There are many detailed conclusions which provide theoretical support and data analysis for relevant manufacturers of harmonic reducer and robot EFTWBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microstructure, mechanical and tribological characterization of magnetron sputtering ZrN and ZrAlN coatings","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research paper, mechanical and tribological characterization of novel high wear-resistant ZrN-ZrAlN coatings are presented. The varying concentrations of AlN is chosen to evaluate the influence of AlN the surface morphological, nanomechanical, and tribological properties of the composite coating. The coatings were developed on D9 steel substrates using nitrogen reactive gas radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering of zirconium and aluminium targets in an argon plasma. Variable power density for the aluminium target and constant power density for zirconium, was used to obtain in a systematic way, the variable concentration of AlN in the coating. Surface morphological studies were carried out to evaluate composition and crystal structure using X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Coatings display a polycrystalline structure, but the level of crystallinity decreases with higher AlN concentration. Nanomechanical and nano scratch testing, along with tribological experimental studies were performed to comprehensively analyse performance of the developed coatings. Higher hardness of composite coating is achieved with optimal concentration of AlN in ZrN-ZrAlN coating. Adhesion strength of the coatings increased with the increase in the concentration of AlN. ZrN-ZrAlN coatings depicted low wear, however coatings containing AlN exhibits superior wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictive modeling of abrasive wear in in-situ TiC reinforced ZA37 alloy: A machine learning approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abrasive wear rates are of significant interest in various industrial applications where materials are subjected to severe wear conditions. The study analyzed high-stress abrasive wear rates on the novel in-situ TiC reinforced ZA37 composites. The inclusion of in-situ TiC reinforcement in ZA37 alloy has shown potential for enhancing wear resistance. The impact of tribological test parameters on the abrasive wear response was analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). Using tribological data, various machine-learning algorithms were trained to predict the wear behaviours of the developed composites. The performance measurements show that the machine learning models accurately predicted the abrasive wear response of test samples. Our findings suggest that machine learning can revolutionize tribology, paving the way for tribo-informatics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High temperature mechanical properties and tribological behavior of nacre-inspired Ti (C, N)/Al-Cu composites","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the toughness of aluminum matrix composites with high ceramic contents, nacre-inspired Ti (C, N)/Al-Cu composites are prepared via freeze casting and pressure infiltration, and their mechanical properties and tribological behavior are investigated. The prepared composites can maintain excellent compressive strength, hardness and wear resistance when the experimental temperature increases from 25 °C to 300 °C. This can be attributed to the stable load bearing capacity of the Ti (C, N) ceramic layer at high temperature, the high interface binding capability between Ti (C, N) and Al, as well as the high crack growth inhibition ability of “layered network” structures. Moreover, the tribo-oxide layer formed during the wear process can further improve the wear resistance of the composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An investigation of Ti addition to optimize the tribological properties of TiCrNbTaW refractory high-entropy alloy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) with high melting points suffer from severe wear-fracture failures due to compositional segregation, which is a key factor limiting their widespread application as structural parts. In this work, two novel Ti<sub><em>x</em></sub>CrNbTaW (<em>x</em> = 1 and 1.5) RHEAs were prepared using composition modulation and liquid phase assisted sintering strategies. The results showed that the further addition of Ti enhanced the strength, toughness and microstructural homogeneity of the RHEAs, which effectively suppressed the wear-fracture behavior. In addition, the dense oxidized amorphous layer formed in-situ has higher hardness than the matrix, which can provide additional load-bearing capacity. The synergistic effect of the above factors promotes the wear rate of Ti1.5 alloy to be as low as 2.9 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(N·m). The present work provides some insights into the design of high anti-wear RHEAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tribological properties of polyimide composite coatings synergistically reinforced by metal-organic frameworks modified carbon fibers and graphite","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tribological properties of neat polyimide (PI) are incompatible with service conditions, necessitating the urgent modification of its tribological properties. Carbon fibers (CFs) were surface modified with in-situ grown metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporated into PI coating towards the goal of improving its mechanical and tribological properties in combination with graphite (Gr). It is successfully demonstrated that the enhanced interfacial adhesion between the CFs and PI, due to the mechanical interlocking effect of the MOFs, improved the load-carrying capacity and anti-wear properties of the coatings. Additionally, the friction-reduction effect of Gr further contributed to the improvement of tribological properties of MCFs/5Gr/PI coating. Overall, findings of the present study promote the development of engineering plastics with enhanced tribological properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}