Tribology International最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Influence of residual stress on the high-temperature tribological performance of nickel-based superalloy 残余应力对镍基超合金高温摩擦学性能的影响
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110326
Yang Zhang, Chaoze Lu, Kaili Feng, Tianmin Shao
{"title":"Influence of residual stress on the high-temperature tribological performance of nickel-based superalloy","authors":"Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Chaoze Lu,&nbsp;Kaili Feng,&nbsp;Tianmin Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a method for generating residual compressive stress by utilizing differences in thermal expansion coefficients of materials. A corresponding experimental device has been developed. Using this method, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of residual compressive stress on the tribological properties of the nickel-based superalloy Ni16Cr13Co4Mo. The results indicate that residual stress significantly affects the friction behavior and wear resistance of the superalloy. The stabilization time of the friction coefficient as well as the wear rate reaches a minimum under moderate residual compressive stresses. Moderate residual compressive stress can facilitate the formation of a tribo-oxide layer and enhance its bonding strength with the substrate, thereby shortening the time for stabilization of the friction coefficient and reducing the wear rate. Finite element simulation of static ball-on-disc contact model also shows that residual stress alters the internal stress distribution inside the alloy, and changes its yield and plastic behavior. Under moderate residual compressive stress, a reduction in maximum von Mises stress can be achieved, which is consistent with the variation rule of friction coefficient and wear rate in the tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110326"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transient lubrication performance of tilting-pad journal bearings under dynamic load considering bi-directional misalignment and mixing temperature behavior 考虑到双向不对中和混合温度行为,动载荷下斜垫式轴颈轴承的瞬态润滑性能
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110318
Xinyuan Wang , Kai Wang , Xilong Ji , Kaidi Zhu , Lihua Yang , Le Pang , Hankun Bing
{"title":"Transient lubrication performance of tilting-pad journal bearings under dynamic load considering bi-directional misalignment and mixing temperature behavior","authors":"Xinyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Xilong Ji ,&nbsp;Kaidi Zhu ,&nbsp;Lihua Yang ,&nbsp;Le Pang ,&nbsp;Hankun Bing","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tilting-pad journal bearings (TPJBs) are highly self-adaptive for serving as support bearings in marine gas turbines. However, the research on the transient lubrication performance of TPJBs during ship navigation is limited, especially under misalignment and complex heat exchange. A transient tribo-dynamic model considering the bi-directional misalignment and mixing temperature behavior of TPJBs has been built. The time-varying oil film characteristics are comparatively analyzed among different misalignments. Moreover, the influence of mixing temperature behavior on transient responses is further revealed. The results indicate that the interaction effect of mixing behavior and misalignment has a substantial impact on the transient characteristics of TPJBs with dynamic load. It is significant to forecast the lubrication performance of TPJBs of marine gas turbines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110318"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of vibration frequency on tribological characteristics of vibration-assisted micro-nano machining 振动频率对振动辅助微纳加工摩擦学特性的影响
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110329
Yi Liu , Rui Xu , Zhimu Yang , Yanhui Zhang , Jianli Wang , Shanhong Wan , Liuyang Bai
{"title":"Effect of vibration frequency on tribological characteristics of vibration-assisted micro-nano machining","authors":"Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Xu ,&nbsp;Zhimu Yang ,&nbsp;Yanhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianli Wang ,&nbsp;Shanhong Wan ,&nbsp;Liuyang Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental findings regarding the influence of vibration frequency on the machining outcomes of vibration-assisted machining (VAM) have been inconsistent. This work aims to address this issue through both experimental and theoretical analyses. The results indicate that the circuit's frequency response is the primary source of these discrepancies. When the vibration frequency is less than half the cutoff frequency, the friction force reaches a minimum while the wear volume peaks. The solution of the heat conduction equation demonstrated that the acoustic softening effect drives the softening mechanism in nanoscale VAM. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further elucidate the damage mechanisms during the wear process, showing that high-frequency vibrations contribute to achieving high-precision machining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110329"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acoustic emission analysis of seizure transition process between steel journals and aluminum alloy plain bearings 钢制轴颈与铝合金滑动轴承之间咬合过渡过程的声发射分析
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110324
Takumi Iwata , Masaya Fukuda , Masakuni Oikawa , Makoto Kano , Yuji Mihara
{"title":"Acoustic emission analysis of seizure transition process between steel journals and aluminum alloy plain bearings","authors":"Takumi Iwata ,&nbsp;Masaya Fukuda ,&nbsp;Masakuni Oikawa ,&nbsp;Makoto Kano ,&nbsp;Yuji Mihara","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seizure tests were conducted using a bearing tester to elucidate the mechanism of seizure occurring between aluminum alloy (Al-Sn-Si) plain bearings widely used in gasoline engines and steel journals. Differences in torque spikes that occurred before seizure and final seizure were determined by analyzing the sliding surfaces and cross sections and the acoustic emission signal. The results revealed that the occurrence of final seizure was affected by the melting out and depletion of tin in the bearing alloy, plastic deformation due to frictional heat, and expansion of the aluminum adhesion zone caused by these factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110324"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cracking mechanism of CA6NM hydro turbine steel in cavitation erosion CA6NM 水轮机钢在气蚀作用下的开裂机理
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110325
Zhenhua Wang , Bing Zhang
{"title":"Cracking mechanism of CA6NM hydro turbine steel in cavitation erosion","authors":"Zhenhua Wang ,&nbsp;Bing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cavitation erosion is a main reason for the damage of hydro turbines. It is important to understand the cracking mechanism of hydro turbine steel in cavitation erosion. In this study, the crack initiation in CA6NM steel after cavitation erosion was examined through electron backscatter diffraction analyses. The crack propagation was investigated adopting focused ion beam milling and transmission electron microscopy. The reversed austenite transformed to strain-induced martensite in cavitation erosion. The lattice parameter of the strain-induced martensite was greater than that of the thermal martensite, which led to stress concentration between the two martensites and caused crack formation and propagation in the region. Finally, approaches aiming to improve the cavitation erosion resistance of hydro turbine parts are suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110325"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the tribological performance and oxidative stability of a bi-functional lubricating oil additive prepared from corn cob extract 评估玉米芯提取物制备的双功能润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能和氧化稳定性
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110330
Li Chen, Weidong Li, Songyue Wang, Honggang Wang, Hualin Lin, Sheng Han
{"title":"Evaluation of the tribological performance and oxidative stability of a bi-functional lubricating oil additive prepared from corn cob extract","authors":"Li Chen,&nbsp;Weidong Li,&nbsp;Songyue Wang,&nbsp;Honggang Wang,&nbsp;Hualin Lin,&nbsp;Sheng Han","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet the requirements of a circular economy, a class of sulfur- and phosphorus-free green bifunctional lubricating oil additives was developed based on corn cob extract as a naturally renewable biomass material. These additives can significantly enhance the friction-reducing, anti-wear properties, and oxidative stability of base oils. Results indicate that at an addition level of 4000 ppm, ternary polymer additive reduced the wear volume and surface roughness of steel friction pairs by 98.17 % and 97.63 %, respectively, and increased the oxidation induction period by 40.52 %. The improvement in tribological performance is attributed to the rigid ring structure preventing direct contact between friction pairs, and the chemical adsorption of carboxylic acid and anhydride groups with the metal, forming a dense friction film.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110330"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Normalizing temperature influence on the microstructure characteristics, mechanical and wear performance of a novel high chromium cast iron 正火温度对新型高铬铸铁微观组织特征、机械性能和磨损性能的影响
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110327
Shiyu Wu , Dingchen Wang , Xipeng Tao , Xinguang Wang , Rui Zhang , Zijian Zhou , Song Zhang , Chenliang Wu , Xiaofeng Sun , Yizhou Zhou , Chuanyong Cui
{"title":"Normalizing temperature influence on the microstructure characteristics, mechanical and wear performance of a novel high chromium cast iron","authors":"Shiyu Wu ,&nbsp;Dingchen Wang ,&nbsp;Xipeng Tao ,&nbsp;Xinguang Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zijian Zhou ,&nbsp;Song Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenliang Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Sun ,&nbsp;Yizhou Zhou ,&nbsp;Chuanyong Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure, mechanical and wear behavior of a high chromium cast iron were studied at different normalizing temperatures (950 °C, 1000 °C, 1050 °C, 1100 °C). The martensite content was proportional to the normalizing temperature except at 1100 °C because of the appearance of retained austenite. As the temperature increased, the primary carbide downsized whereas the secondary carbide content first increased but then decreased, contributing to the superior mechanical properties observed tempered at 1050 °C. The superior hardness and strength improved the surface deformation resistance, including enhanced work-hardening in the matrix and stacking fault locks in carbides, hindering dislocation slipping and material spalling, thus achieving excellent wear properties when normalized at 1050 °C. Moreover, the wear mechanism changed from oxidative/fatigue to abrasive/adhesive wear as the temperature increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110327"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wear behavior of novel CVD-coated wiper inserts’ with various chip-breakers and resulting surface integrity during dry drilling of Ti-6Al-4V 在 Ti-6Al-4V 干钻孔过程中,带有各种断屑槽的新型 CVD 涂层刮板刀片的磨损行为及其产生的表面完整性
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110323
Muhammad Zubair Afzal , Sarmad Ali Khan , Aqib Mashood Khan , Muhammad Qaiser Saleem , Saqib Anwar
{"title":"Wear behavior of novel CVD-coated wiper inserts’ with various chip-breakers and resulting surface integrity during dry drilling of Ti-6Al-4V","authors":"Muhammad Zubair Afzal ,&nbsp;Sarmad Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Aqib Mashood Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Qaiser Saleem ,&nbsp;Saqib Anwar","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a comprehensive investigation in terms of tool wear/life, chip morphology, surface roughness/damage, diametric error, burr height, and microstructure is conducted by using an innovative integration of peripheral wiper and central stepped inserts when drilling Ti-6Al-4V alloy in a dry-cutting environment. Two geometries of peripheral wiper inserts termed as LM (groove width-1000 mm, groove depth-65 mm) and GT (groove width-720 mm, groove depth-20 mm) are evaluated at two levels of cutting speeds (50 m/min and 60 m/min) and three levels of feed rates (0.10 mm/rev, 0.15 mm/rev, and 0.20 mm/rev) while keeping the geometry of central stepped insert constant. The GT wiper configuration is found to be more suitable in terms of tool life, drilling maximum number of holes (75) at a cutting speed of 50 m/min and feed rate of 0.10 mm/rev which is ∼3-fold higher than that of the LM geometry. With respect to majority of the drilled hole attributes, better performance of LM geometry is observed in comparison to its GT counterpart due to its improved chip breakability. In addition, all holes are oversized ranging from 30 µm to100 µm. Minor plastic deformation of grain boundaries in the machined sub-surface is noticed to a depth of 10–15 µm in the direction of cutting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110323"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tribochemistry of glycerol-water mixtures confined between ferrous substrates: An atomic-scale concept by reactive molecular dynamics simulation 封闭在铁基质之间的甘油-水混合物的摩擦化学:反应分子动力学模拟的原子尺度概念
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110322
V. Fadaei Naeini , M. Björling , J.A. Larsson , R. Larsson
{"title":"Tribochemistry of glycerol-water mixtures confined between ferrous substrates: An atomic-scale concept by reactive molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"V. Fadaei Naeini ,&nbsp;M. Björling ,&nbsp;J.A. Larsson ,&nbsp;R. Larsson","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations with a reactive force field were used to investigate the tribochemical properties of glycerol, with and without water, confined between two ferrous surfaces. The results demonstrated that glycerol significantly reduced friction on α-Fe slabs more effectively than on functionalized amorphous magnetite. A numerical method was introduced to identify the interface region and evaluate the dissociated surface atoms. It was found that the dissociation rate of glycerol molecules increased with applied normal pressure and shear stress. Additionally, the production rate of water molecules from glycerol dissociation was consistently positive for all solutions above 80 % wt. The assumption of linear velocity distribution across the film thickness was validated for all systems studied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110322"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights into structural changes during scratch deformation of ductile coating systems: Plastic flow, microstructural transformations, and crack development 洞察韧性涂层体系划痕变形过程中的结构变化:塑性流动、微结构转变和裂纹发展
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110319
S. Romankov , Y.C. Park , A. Serikkanov , D.V. Louzguine‑Luzgin
{"title":"Insights into structural changes during scratch deformation of ductile coating systems: Plastic flow, microstructural transformations, and crack development","authors":"S. Romankov ,&nbsp;Y.C. Park ,&nbsp;A. Serikkanov ,&nbsp;D.V. Louzguine‑Luzgin","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the structural changes occurring during the scratch deformation of ductile materials, focusing on a composite aluminum (Al) coating on a steel substrate fabricated using a solid-state aluminizing technique. By analyzing the results of the scratch test with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) techniques, the research provides a detailed examination of plastic flow, microstructural transformations, and crack development. Results demonstrate that strong adhesion at the interface and similar mechanical properties between steel and Al layers facilitate co-deformation, crucial for maintaining the integrity of the composite structure. The study features the formation of a rolling-like laminated structure and significant grain refinement in both the steel and Al components, driven by plastic deformation. Observed atomic-scale intermixing and the formation of an amorphous interlayer highlight extensive material interactions during deformation. The visualization of crack progression using FIB allows for an in-depth understanding of the fracture process. Subsurface cracks initiate within the thin Al interlayer and propagate toward the surface, evolving through the coalescence of nanopores into microvoids and larger cavities, ultimately leading to crack propagation. Secondary internal cracks may arise due to stress fields generated by the primary crack, contributing to a complex network of internal cracks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110319"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信