Xiaodong Wang , Yaodong Li , Rui Lei , Xiaolei Guo , Run Zhang
{"title":"Adhesion-grasping behavior of a mechanical gripper based on thermoresponsive smart wood","authors":"Xiaodong Wang , Yaodong Li , Rui Lei , Xiaolei Guo , Run Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The challenge of grasping thin sheets, slender objects, and granular objects has hampered the development of mechanical grippers. In this investigation, thermoresponsive polymers and chemically treated wood were combined to develop a novel mechanical gripper with adjustable adhesion force. By switching between hot and cold water inside the mechanical gripper, the gripper could grasp and release a variety of objects. Further study revealed that the adhesion force of the mechanical gripper was related to temperature, contact area, and the material of the grasped object. Finally, the adhesion force equation was established to promote the application of the mechanical gripper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110558"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruiwen Xu , Yi Zhu , Jianxiong Wu , Pengfei Huang , Ming Wu , Wujun Wang , Chao Zhang , Huayong Yang
{"title":"Hybrid high-temperature wear mechanisms of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy","authors":"Ruiwen Xu , Yi Zhu , Jianxiong Wu , Pengfei Huang , Ming Wu , Wujun Wang , Chao Zhang , Huayong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the high-temperature wear of additive-manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy against GH2132. The wear mechanism transitioned from abrasive and adhesive wear to oxidative wear with rising temperatures. The microstructure characteristics reveal the special hybrid high-temperature wear mechanisms: shear deformation-induced wear hardening and dynamic recrystallization-induced wear softening. At lower temperatures, the thinner oxide layer was easily removed and the worn surface in contact underwent work hardening, reducing the negative effects of thermal softening. At higher temperatures, the thicker oxide layer slightly reduced adhesive of the substrate but failed due to cracking and spalling. Combined with intensified thermal softening, recrystallization softening on the worn surface not only eliminated surface hardening but led to a sharp decline in wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110559"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Emmrich , M. Plogmeyer , D. Bartel , L. Bobach , A. Schott , C. Herrmann
{"title":"In-situ pressure and temperature measurements under mixed friction in rolling contacts and comparison with TEHD simulations","authors":"S. Emmrich , M. Plogmeyer , D. Bartel , L. Bobach , A. Schott , C. Herrmann","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In-situ sensor systems can enable to measure the temperature and pressure of rolling contacts during mixed friction. A thin-film sensor is optimized with regard to its size and wear resistance. Traction tests are carried out with a two-disk test rig. The temperature and friction measurements are presented and compared with the results of a thermal elastohydrodynamic (TEHD) model. In a final step, the thin-film sensor is used in a cylindrical roller thrust bearing. Due to the detailed characterization the data are suitable for evaluating calculation methods. The comparison shows good agreement with the experimental data of a two-disk test rig. Further investigation is required in order to gain a deeper understanding of the processes that occur in real machine elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 110557"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiang Ma , Xin Xu , Meilin Lu , Tao He , Xiaolin Li , Ke Hua , Haifeng Wang
{"title":"Preparation of near superlubric polysiloxane/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite coating by incorporating polyalphaolefin oil microcapsules","authors":"Qiang Ma , Xin Xu , Meilin Lu , Tao He , Xiaolin Li , Ke Hua , Haifeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superlubricity, characterized by nearly vanished friction, has the great potential to significantly enhance the lubrication capabilities of self-lubricating coatings and their operational lifespan. In this work, commercial polyalphaolefin oil has been encapsulated within polystyrene shell for microcapsules synthesize, which have been further introduced into a specially designed “soft” and “hard” polysiloxane/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> nanocomposite coating. The tribological test results show that the prepared composite coating displays a remarkable synergistic lubrication effect, achieving nearly superlow friction of 0.016 and an ultralow wear rate of 1.9 × 10<sup>−8</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/N·m simultaneously. The comprehensive mechanism analysis indicates that the extraordinary superlubrication effect is derived from the desirable mechanical properties of the polysiloxane/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> nanocomposite coating and the favorable liquid lubrication effect of embedded oil microcapsules, wherein the former could enhance the conformity of surface morphology when the mating surfaces are in contact, thereby facilitating the formation of numerous microchannels; in the meanwhile, the latter could be friction-induced ruptured and then release oil molecules at the friction interface, adsorbing to the coating surface and forming an effective boundary-lubricating oil film. As a result, a remarkable synergistic lubrication effect could be created to significantly enhance the lubrication effect. It could be anticipated that this finding could expedite a broader utilization of self-lubricating coatings and superlubricity technology in the practical industrial sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110555"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the microscopic removal mechanism of interconnect metal Co using AFM with Si, SiO2, and diamond probes","authors":"Fangjin Xie, Min Zhong, Xiaobing Li, Meirong Yi, Jianfeng Chen, Wenhu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cobalt is a promising alternative to copper as interconnect metal when semiconductor technology advances to 5 nm nodes and below. Co needs to be polished but the polishing mechanism is not clear enough. This study employs AFM to investigate the microscopic removal mechanism of Co CMP in an air environment, using Si, SiO<sub>2</sub>, and diamond probes as abrasives. The microstructure and chemical state of the scribed Co surface were analyzed using Hertz contact theory, AFM, SEM, XPS, EDS, and HRTEM. The results demonstrate that the probe material and applied load significantly affect the wear depth and width. The depth obtained by SiO<sub>2</sub>, Si, and diamond probes is about 1, 7, and 70 nm, respectively, under the same load. The Si and diamond probes primarily remove material through mechanical plowing, whereas the SiO<sub>2</sub> probe combines mechanical plowing with chemical reactions. XPS analyses revealed that the SiO<sub>2</sub> probe facilitated the formation of more Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> on the Co surface. HRTEM results showed a Co oxide film (∼1.5 nm thickness) and an amorphous Co layer (∼15 nm thickness) in the scribed region. The oxide film enhanced adhesion, forming a protective layer that hindered further material removal and reduced friction. This study provides theoretical support for optimizing Co CMP processes, which is crucial to next-generation integrated circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110553"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of wear resistance via CrN coating and layered double hydroxides systems","authors":"Xionggang Chen , Zhiwei Chen , Tianqi Wei , Danyan Zhan , JinXia Huang , Zhiguang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long-term operational reliability of mechanical equipment is significantly influenced by friction and wear. In this study, we developed a synergistic protection system by incorporating CrN coating and ZnAl layered double hydroxides (ZnAl LDH). The CrN coating was deposited using magnetron sputtering, and ZnAl LDH was synthesized via the hydrothermal method. To enhance the dispersion and tribological properties of ZnAl LDH in base oil, surface modification with stearic acid (SA) was performed through dehydration condensation bonding between the -OH groups on the ZnAl LDH surface and the -COOH groups on SA. Tribological tests were carried out to evaluate the lubrication properties of the two different LDHs when used as additives at varying concentrations in PAO-10 oil. The results demonstrate that adding 2.5 wt% SA-ZnAl LDH significantly improved the anti-wear performance of CrN-coated surfaces. This improvement is primarily attributed to the adsorption of LDH onto the CrN coating surface, which promote tribo-film formation. Overall, by benefiting from the synergistic effect between the LDH with superior lubricating properties and the CrN coating's excellent mechanical characteristics, a low-wear synergistic protection system was established, effectively protecting the steel substrate from severe wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 110540"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Reza Najari , Mahdi Mohammadpour , Sina Saremi-Yarahmadi
{"title":"Graphene oxide as an additive in aqueous lubricants for electric drive units: Synthesis, preparation, and tribological performance","authors":"Mohammad Reza Najari , Mahdi Mohammadpour , Sina Saremi-Yarahmadi","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the tribological performance of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as additives in deionized (DI) water. Four different water-based lubricants were prepared, including supernatant and redispersed solutions, both with and without surfactant. GO supernatant had a significantly lower particle size compared to GO redispersed at all pH levels. The results show that in the absence of a surfactant, the addition of 0.06 wt% GO nanosheets led to maximum of 54 % reduction in the average coefficient of friction (COF). The introduction of surfactant further enhanced this effect, reducing the COF by up to 84 %, compared to DI water. The wear track width was also decreased by up to 353.8 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110554"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohu Pei, Xiaoling Liu, Feng Guo, Jiali Chen, Shuyi Li
{"title":"The enhanced lubrication effect by ZDDP under limited lubricant supply condition","authors":"Xiaohu Pei, Xiaoling Liu, Feng Guo, Jiali Chen, Shuyi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A limited supply of lubricant can minimize energy dissipation and waste, enabling lean lubrication. However, insufficient lubricant supply can lead to a critical issue known as starved lubrication, emphasizing the need to address this concern under limited lubricant supply (LLS) condition. In this study, a ball-on-disc lubricating film test rig, with a circular contact, was employed. The impact of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) interfacial adsorption on the lubrication characteristics under LLS condition was investigated by introducing ZDDP as an anti-wear additive. A dichromatic interference intensity modulation (DIIM) approach was utilized to reveal the evolution of the lubricant film at various lubricant supply stages under LLS. Three distinct lubricant supply stages were identified: the fully flooded stage, the transition stage from fully flooded to starved lubrication, and the starved lubrication stage. The mechanism of ZDDP interfacial adsorption during different lubricant supply stages was evaluated by analyzing variations in oil reservoir morphology, lubricant film thickness, and friction coefficient. The results indicate that, under LLS conditions, changes in the oil reservoir directly influence the transition between lubricant supply stages. The adsorption effect of ZDDP was found to promote lubricant entrainment and improve the lubricant supply in the inlet area during the second and third lubricant supply stages, thereby enhancing the anti-collapse capacity of the lubricant film. Additionally, in the LLS condition, the improved anti-friction effect of ZDDP is attributed to the synergistic impact of enhanced lubricant entrainment and increased shear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110552"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced stable lubrication performance by surface nanobubble morphology modulated by conical pit notch diameter","authors":"Chao Wang , Yan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A water-controlled ratio multisolvent evaporation method for the preparation of hydrophobic surfaces with nanocone pits of different sizes is proposed. The morphology of nanobubbles on the surface of conical pits was observed by atomic force underwater testing, revealing that the diameter of the conical pit notch is the key to influence the nanobubble morphology. The nucleation mechanism of nanobubbles due to local saturation of gases in pure water solution and the regulation mechanism of nanobubble morphology by the surface potential energy of cone pits are revealed by the molecular dynamics simulation method of alcohol-water exchange. Lubrication experiments demonstrate that surfaces with nanobubbles have a more stable high drag reduction, and the larger the nanobubble morphology the better the stable lubrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110545"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xia Li , Yi Li , Huimin Yang , Anjie Liu , Songwei Zhang , Litian Hu
{"title":"Enhancement lubrication effect of a novel thiophosphate as additive of lithium complex grease in comparison to ZDDP","authors":"Xia Li , Yi Li , Huimin Yang , Anjie Liu , Songwei Zhang , Litian Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand of high-performance additives suitable for lubricating grease is increasing with the development of high-end equipment. Herein, a novel thiophosphate 3-(O, O- di-nonylphenol di-thiophosphate)-2-methylpropanoic acid (NDMA) was synthesized and added to lithium complex grease as an extreme pressure and anti-wear additive. The physicochemical, rheological, and tribological properties of NDMA were studied and compared with ZDDP. The results indicate that NDMA can improve and enhance oil separation under pressure and dropping point. NDMA showed better shearing resistance, friction reducing, anti-wear and load carrying capability than ZDDP. The lubrication mechanism of NDMA was demonstrated through molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicate that NDMA has strong adsorption capacity on sliding surfaces, promoting the tribo-chemistry reaction between NDMA and iron surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110549"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}