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On the measurement of pressure in textured dimples
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110719
Norifumi Miyanaga , Reo Miwa , Ryota Ishii , Michael Khonsari
{"title":"On the measurement of pressure in textured dimples","authors":"Norifumi Miyanaga ,&nbsp;Reo Miwa ,&nbsp;Ryota Ishii ,&nbsp;Michael Khonsari","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A mass-conservative algorithm necessitates a predefined cavitation pressure; however, arbitrarily assigning this pressure fails to predict the behavior of the texture accurately. This study determines the cavitation pressure through direct pressure measurements within textured dimples. A series of measurements are conducted across varying rotational speeds, film thicknesses, and dimple sizes. The results indicate that, under the conditions tested, the cavitation pressure is approximately 60 kPa (absolute), and mass-conservative calculations incorporating these values align closely with the experimental pressure measurements. The findings provide clear evidence of lubrication suction into the inlet section of the bearing, known as the inlet suction phenomenon, and confirm that the Elrod algorithm effectively predicts the pressure profile in this region. This work facilitates the estimation of the behavior and volume of the entrained oil, offering valuable insight for optimizing texture design in lubrication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110719"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of functionally graded films and coatings for biomaterials: Methods, properties, and challenges – A comprehensive review
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110714
Zahid Mukhtar , Nitika Kundan , Abhijit Dey
{"title":"Development of functionally graded films and coatings for biomaterials: Methods, properties, and challenges – A comprehensive review","authors":"Zahid Mukhtar ,&nbsp;Nitika Kundan ,&nbsp;Abhijit Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coating metal substrates and biomaterial implants demand a balance of diverse properties. Functionally graded coatings (FGCs) offer tailored mechanical, thermal, electrical, and tribological benefits for engineering and biomedical uses. Recent advancements in FGCs have notably reduced aseptic loosening and fibrous tissue encapsulation by 30 % and 25 %, respectively, enhancing biocompatibility and mechanical stability. These improvements are driven by changes in the coatings' composition, structure, and porosity. This paper reviews the latest FGC processing techniques for bio-implants, emphasizing recent research, applications, and future challenges. It provides guidelines to help researchers navigate this complex field and achieve successful, patient-centered outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110714"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High temperature tribological behaviors of Co-based superalloy Haynes 188
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110715
Yihan Wang, Yang Zhang, Tianmin Shao
{"title":"High temperature tribological behaviors of Co-based superalloy Haynes 188","authors":"Yihan Wang,&nbsp;Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Tianmin Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, tribological behaviors of solution strengthening Co-based superalloy HA188 were investigated at 900℃, 1000℃ and 1100℃. Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and HA188 were chosen as the counterpart respectively to evaluate the influence of counterpart materials on the sliding wear behaviors. It was found that the formation and destruction of tribo-layer are the dominating factor in the high temperature wear process. The composition and structure of tribo-layer are controlled by oxidation products of HA188 at different temperature. Tribo-layers are composed of NiCoCr-spinels at 900℃ and 1000℃. However, at 1100℃, the tribo-layer composition transfers to Cr₂O₃, which is attributed to the substantial diffusion of Cr to the surface. Moreover, counterpart materials affect the homogeneity and compactness of the tribo-layers. Harder counterparts generate greater stress and deformation in tribo-layer and HA188 substrate, leading to the failure of the tribo-layer and the increase in wear rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110715"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fretting fatigue analysis and strength evaluation for swage-locking pinned aluminum alloy–steel connections under tension loading
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110711
Dongfang Zeng , Yan Xu , Zhisheng Liu , Yuanbin Zhang , Lang Zou , Liantao Lu
{"title":"Fretting fatigue analysis and strength evaluation for swage-locking pinned aluminum alloy–steel connections under tension loading","authors":"Dongfang Zeng ,&nbsp;Yan Xu ,&nbsp;Zhisheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Lang Zou ,&nbsp;Liantao Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the early stages of widespread adoption of swage-locking pinned connections in rail vehicle structures, research on their fatigue failure behavior remains scarce. This study investigates the fretting fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy–steel connections fastened by swage-locking pins through experiments and numerical analysis. It involved fatigue experiments under tension loading, fretting wear and fatigue analyses, followed by fatigue crack initiation prediction. Results show that the contact surface of clamped plates can be divided into the stick, slip, and open zones, with fretting wear occurring within the slip zone of aluminum alloy plate. Fretting fatigue cracks typically initiate within the slip zone near the stick-slip boundary, specifically at wear scars edges. A finite element model was developed to analyze contact status and stress states of test connections, with the friction coefficient at the aluminum alloy-steel interface optimized based on measured stick zone sizes. Results show the fatigue crack initiation of test connections is predominantly influenced by tensile stresses. Consequently, the SWT multiaxial fatigue criterion, combined with the critical plane method, can be used to predict crack initiation. The predicted crack initiation sites, angles, and fatigue strengths closely matched experimental results, with errors below 20 %, 5 %, and 7 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110711"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of the content of (NaPO3)6 on the properties of microarc oxidized coatings on non-valve metal-copper
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110712
Liankun Zhang , Hailin Lu , Fan Yang , Zihan Liu , Meijiao Qu
{"title":"Influence of the content of (NaPO3)6 on the properties of microarc oxidized coatings on non-valve metal-copper","authors":"Liankun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hailin Lu ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Zihan Liu ,&nbsp;Meijiao Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, for the first time, by adding (NaPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub> additives to the aluminate electrolyte, a MAO coating with good performance was successfully prepared on the surface of T2 copper, a non-valved metal, and the effects of (NaPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub> content on the organization, abrasion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were comprehensively and systematically investigated. Most importantly, this method of preparing MAO coating on non-valve metal surface does not need any pretreatment or high current density. The results obtained demonstrated that the incorporation of the (NaPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub> additive facilitated the direct deposition of MAO coatings on the surface of non-valve metal-T2 copper, with an increase in coating thickness and roughness observed as the (NaPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub> content rises. The compositions of the coatings included CuO, Cu<sub>2</sub>O, α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CuAlO<sub>2</sub>, Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> and amorphous AlPO<sub>4</sub>. The content of Cu-containing compounds in the coatings exhibited an initial increase, followed by a subsequent decrease, with the increase of (NaPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub> content. The highest percentage (14.39 at%) of elemental Cu was observed when the content of (NaPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub> was 10 g/L and it was observed that the coating exhibited the lowest average surface porosity (8.29 %) at this content level, in addition to the highest hardness (890.18 HV) and minimum wear depth (4.78 μm) and average COF (0.161) for a load of 10 N. Three different wear mechanisms (adhesion, abrasive grain and delamination wear) were found on the wear scars. The coating showed the best corrosion resistance with an i<sub>corr</sub> of 4.0257 × 10<sup>–6</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> at a (NaPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub> content of 15 g/L, which was four orders of magnitude lower than the substrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110712"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tribological performance and surface morphological analysis of in-situ synthesized BN-Si3N4 reinforced SiC-Al2O3 ceramic matrix composites
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110703
Aman Singh , Vineet Kumar , Jyoti , Raj Kumar Chaturvedi , Manvandra Kumar Singh , Jitendra Kumar Katiyar , Vinay Kumar Singh
{"title":"Tribological performance and surface morphological analysis of in-situ synthesized BN-Si3N4 reinforced SiC-Al2O3 ceramic matrix composites","authors":"Aman Singh ,&nbsp;Vineet Kumar ,&nbsp;Jyoti ,&nbsp;Raj Kumar Chaturvedi ,&nbsp;Manvandra Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Jitendra Kumar Katiyar ,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new kind of multi-phase ceramic composite comprising of a SiC matrix reinforced with Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and BN was prepared by in-situ formation during nitridation of Si metal and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was used as a sintering additive as well as to improve oxidation and corrosion resistance. XRD and SEM techniques were effectively utilized to confirm phases and analyse the evolutionary changes in microstructure. Dry wear tests were conducted to evaluate the composite’s wear resistance. It was discovered that the SiC-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>–BN–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite possessed exceptional properties, such as high hardness, high abrasive wear resistance, and low coefficient of friction. The examination of surface topography using atomic force microscopy indicates that the composites exhibit improved smoothness and enhanced capacity for load bearing. These characteristics make the composite material highly promising for diverse tribological applications. Furthermore, the strengthening and wear mechanisms of this composite were analysed and discussed in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110703"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Highly efficient medium vacuum UV-assisted polishing of diamond via C-C bond breakage stimulated graphitization
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110702
Nian Liu , Haoran Wang , Ling Lei , Huilong Jiang , Yongjie Zhang , Junfeng Xiao , Jianguo Zhang , Xiao Chen , Jianfeng Xu
{"title":"Highly efficient medium vacuum UV-assisted polishing of diamond via C-C bond breakage stimulated graphitization","authors":"Nian Liu ,&nbsp;Haoran Wang ,&nbsp;Ling Lei ,&nbsp;Huilong Jiang ,&nbsp;Yongjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Junfeng Xiao ,&nbsp;Jianguo Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are combined to study the newly developed medium vacuum ultraviolet (UV)-assisted polishing (MV-UVAP) for diamond. The material removal rate (MRR) reaches over 7.0 μm/h and it is mainly determined by the diamond graphitization rate. The damage-free characteristic is confirmed by Raman and TEM measurement. MD simulation reveals the removal mechanism in MV-UVAP from an atomistic aspect. With synergic action of UV energy, O radical oxidation, and drawing force of Si-O-C bonds, lots of C atoms get removed from diamond. As large amounts of C-C bonds get rupture among this atom by atom removal process, the diamond structure is reconstructed into graphite, which is key for achieving high MRR without generating damage layers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110702"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A tribological investigation of cochlear implant electrode arrays with different wire shapes
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110679
Bilsay Sümer , Gülçin Şefiye Aşkın
{"title":"A tribological investigation of cochlear implant electrode arrays with different wire shapes","authors":"Bilsay Sümer ,&nbsp;Gülçin Şefiye Aşkın","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The elasticity and frictional dynamics of a cochlear implant electrode array (EA) with different wire shapes are investigated by numerical and experimental analysis. Finite element method (FEM) analysis with varying wavelengths under large deformations indicates that the corrugated wire exhibits enhanced flexibility in both the transverse and longitudinal directions, while the buckling limit of the EA is governed by the wavelength of the wires. The friction experiments are carried out on a flat surface and an artificial cochlea model at different preloads, speeds and surface conditions, and the resulting data are analyzed using friction loops. It is found that wavy wired EA has a lower friction response and insertion force, while they are more prone to tip buckling and electrode array tip fold-over.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110679"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of electrode/polymer interface properties on electromechanical responses of polymer sensing units
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110670
Mengzhou Chang , Lulu Li , Feigao Fan , Kai Guo , Enling Tang
{"title":"Effect of electrode/polymer interface properties on electromechanical responses of polymer sensing units","authors":"Mengzhou Chang ,&nbsp;Lulu Li ,&nbsp;Feigao Fan ,&nbsp;Kai Guo ,&nbsp;Enling Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The difference of mechanical properties between metal electrode and polymer leads to deformation, damage and friction of electrode/polymer interface, which affect the electromechanical responses of polymer sensing units. In this paper, the normal, tangential loading and friction induced electromechanical responses of Cu/ polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) interfaces under different geometrical parameters and loading velocities (<em>V</em>) have been studied experimentally and numerically. The polarization model considering flexoelectric effect, interface damage and friction effect is proposed. The results show that tangential loading and voltage <em>U</em> increase with increasing of interface area and <em>V</em>; the first extreme value of <em>U</em> (-200∼+200 mV) are mainly related to flexoelectric effect (strain gradient), the second extreme values of <em>U</em> (60–1100 mV) are affected by interface damage. The normal loading induced <em>U</em> are generated by interface damage. The friction induced <em>U</em> (-200∼-2700 mV) is related to relative friction distance and effective contact area. Theoretical analysis shows that, the flexoelectric coefficients are 10<sup>−11</sup>∼10<sup>−10</sup> C·m<sup>−1</sup>, the interface damage induced voltage is 4424.63 ± 433.12 V·m<sup>−2</sup>, the friction induced voltage is 17.54 + 391.43 <em>L</em><sub>c</sub> (V·m<sup>−1</sup>) (<em>L</em><sub>c</sub> is the compression distance). The research can contribute to the development of electrode/polymer sensing unit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110670"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nanostructured oxide composites in PEO coating of β Ti alloys with low elastic modulus for biomedical applications
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110677
Mariana C. Rossi , Pedro A.B. Kuroda , Angel Vicente Escuder , Vicente Amigó , Conrado R.M. Afonso
{"title":"Nanostructured oxide composites in PEO coating of β Ti alloys with low elastic modulus for biomedical applications","authors":"Mariana C. Rossi ,&nbsp;Pedro A.B. Kuroda ,&nbsp;Angel Vicente Escuder ,&nbsp;Vicente Amigó ,&nbsp;Conrado R.M. Afonso","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, tribocorrosion of Ti-15Nb, Ti-40Nb, and Ti-33Nb-33Zr biomedical alloys in artificially simulated body fluid is studied by a tribocorrosion technique that allows measuring resistance to corrosion and wear at the same time for alloys coated by PEO technique using a bioactive solution for incorporation calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium that promote the formation of a passive ceramic layer with porosity made by TiO<sub>2.</sub> The kinetics parameters were calculated by the taffel curves extrapolation, the coefficient of friction during the process and the morphology and type of wear before, and after PEO coating on the alloys. XRD, SEM, and TEM evaluated a previous structural and microstructural study of the ceramic layer. Tribocorrosion tests were performed using a reciprocating pin-on-disk tribometer under constant load, and a counterpart, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, were used against the alloys in contact pressure on the tribocorrosion mechanisms. Among the β Ti-Nb-(Zr) alloys, an improved wear and corrosion resistance with lower damage was remarked for TN15, TN40, and TNZ33 alloys, with better results for TN40 (r<sub>p</sub>=9.8 µm/year), followed by TN15(r<sub>p</sub>=15.1 µm/year) and TNZ33(r<sub>p</sub>=15.5 µm/year) PEO coated samples. The improvement of tribocorrosion resistance can be attributed to the presence of zirconium oxide (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and rutile (TiO<sub>2</sub>), the thickness (TN40: 1.3 µm; TNZ33:5.2 µm; TN15: 6.7 µm) and pore size (TN40: 2.64 µm; TNZ33: 3.68 µm; TN15: 3.09 µm) of the PEO ceramic layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110677"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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