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Preparation of near superlubric polysiloxane/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite coating by incorporating polyalphaolefin oil microcapsules
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110555
Qiang Ma , Xin Xu , Meilin Lu , Tao He , Xiaolin Li , Ke Hua , Haifeng Wang
{"title":"Preparation of near superlubric polysiloxane/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite coating by incorporating polyalphaolefin oil microcapsules","authors":"Qiang Ma ,&nbsp;Xin Xu ,&nbsp;Meilin Lu ,&nbsp;Tao He ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Li ,&nbsp;Ke Hua ,&nbsp;Haifeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superlubricity, characterized by nearly vanished friction, has the great potential to significantly enhance the lubrication capabilities of self-lubricating coatings and their operational lifespan. In this work, commercial polyalphaolefin oil has been encapsulated within polystyrene shell for microcapsules synthesize, which have been further introduced into a specially designed “soft” and “hard” polysiloxane/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> nanocomposite coating. The tribological test results show that the prepared composite coating displays a remarkable synergistic lubrication effect, achieving nearly superlow friction of 0.016 and an ultralow wear rate of 1.9 × 10<sup>−8</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/N·m simultaneously. The comprehensive mechanism analysis indicates that the extraordinary superlubrication effect is derived from the desirable mechanical properties of the polysiloxane/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> nanocomposite coating and the favorable liquid lubrication effect of embedded oil microcapsules, wherein the former could enhance the conformity of surface morphology when the mating surfaces are in contact, thereby facilitating the formation of numerous microchannels; in the meanwhile, the latter could be friction-induced ruptured and then release oil molecules at the friction interface, adsorbing to the coating surface and forming an effective boundary-lubricating oil film. As a result, a remarkable synergistic lubrication effect could be created to significantly enhance the lubrication effect. It could be anticipated that this finding could expedite a broader utilization of self-lubricating coatings and superlubricity technology in the practical industrial sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110555"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study on the microscopic removal mechanism of interconnect metal Co using AFM with Si, SiO2, and diamond probes
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110553
Fangjin Xie, Min Zhong, Xiaobing Li, Meirong Yi, Jianfeng Chen, Wenhu Xu
{"title":"Study on the microscopic removal mechanism of interconnect metal Co using AFM with Si, SiO2, and diamond probes","authors":"Fangjin Xie,&nbsp;Min Zhong,&nbsp;Xiaobing Li,&nbsp;Meirong Yi,&nbsp;Jianfeng Chen,&nbsp;Wenhu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cobalt is a promising alternative to copper as interconnect metal when semiconductor technology advances to 5 nm nodes and below. Co needs to be polished but the polishing mechanism is not clear enough. This study employs AFM to investigate the microscopic removal mechanism of Co CMP in an air environment, using Si, SiO<sub>2</sub>, and diamond probes as abrasives. The microstructure and chemical state of the scribed Co surface were analyzed using Hertz contact theory, AFM, SEM, XPS, EDS, and HRTEM. The results demonstrate that the probe material and applied load significantly affect the wear depth and width. The depth obtained by SiO<sub>2</sub>, Si, and diamond probes is about 1, 7, and 70 nm, respectively, under the same load. The Si and diamond probes primarily remove material through mechanical plowing, whereas the SiO<sub>2</sub> probe combines mechanical plowing with chemical reactions. XPS analyses revealed that the SiO<sub>2</sub> probe facilitated the formation of more Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> on the Co surface. HRTEM results showed a Co oxide film (∼1.5 nm thickness) and an amorphous Co layer (∼15 nm thickness) in the scribed region. The oxide film enhanced adhesion, forming a protective layer that hindered further material removal and reduced friction. This study provides theoretical support for optimizing Co CMP processes, which is crucial to next-generation integrated circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110553"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Graphene oxide as an additive in aqueous lubricants for electric drive units: Synthesis, preparation, and tribological performance
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110554
Mohammad Reza Najari , Mahdi Mohammadpour , Sina Saremi-Yarahmadi
{"title":"Graphene oxide as an additive in aqueous lubricants for electric drive units: Synthesis, preparation, and tribological performance","authors":"Mohammad Reza Najari ,&nbsp;Mahdi Mohammadpour ,&nbsp;Sina Saremi-Yarahmadi","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the tribological performance of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as additives in deionized (DI) water. Four different water-based lubricants were prepared, including supernatant and redispersed solutions, both with and without surfactant. GO supernatant had a significantly lower particle size compared to GO redispersed at all pH levels. The results show that in the absence of a surfactant, the addition of 0.06 wt% GO nanosheets led to maximum of 54 % reduction in the average coefficient of friction (COF). The introduction of surfactant further enhanced this effect, reducing the COF by up to 84 %, compared to DI water. The wear track width was also decreased by up to 353.8 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110554"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The enhanced lubrication effect by ZDDP under limited lubricant supply condition
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110552
Xiaohu Pei, Xiaoling Liu, Feng Guo, Jiali Chen, Shuyi Li
{"title":"The enhanced lubrication effect by ZDDP under limited lubricant supply condition","authors":"Xiaohu Pei,&nbsp;Xiaoling Liu,&nbsp;Feng Guo,&nbsp;Jiali Chen,&nbsp;Shuyi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A limited supply of lubricant can minimize energy dissipation and waste, enabling lean lubrication. However, insufficient lubricant supply can lead to a critical issue known as starved lubrication, emphasizing the need to address this concern under limited lubricant supply (LLS) condition. In this study, a ball-on-disc lubricating film test rig, with a circular contact, was employed. The impact of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) interfacial adsorption on the lubrication characteristics under LLS condition was investigated by introducing ZDDP as an anti-wear additive. A dichromatic interference intensity modulation (DIIM) approach was utilized to reveal the evolution of the lubricant film at various lubricant supply stages under LLS. Three distinct lubricant supply stages were identified: the fully flooded stage, the transition stage from fully flooded to starved lubrication, and the starved lubrication stage. The mechanism of ZDDP interfacial adsorption during different lubricant supply stages was evaluated by analyzing variations in oil reservoir morphology, lubricant film thickness, and friction coefficient. The results indicate that, under LLS conditions, changes in the oil reservoir directly influence the transition between lubricant supply stages. The adsorption effect of ZDDP was found to promote lubricant entrainment and improve the lubricant supply in the inlet area during the second and third lubricant supply stages, thereby enhancing the anti-collapse capacity of the lubricant film. Additionally, in the LLS condition, the improved anti-friction effect of ZDDP is attributed to the synergistic impact of enhanced lubricant entrainment and increased shear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110552"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhanced stable lubrication performance by surface nanobubble morphology modulated by conical pit notch diameter
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110545
Chao Wang , Yan Lu
{"title":"Enhanced stable lubrication performance by surface nanobubble morphology modulated by conical pit notch diameter","authors":"Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A water-controlled ratio multisolvent evaporation method for the preparation of hydrophobic surfaces with nanocone pits of different sizes is proposed. The morphology of nanobubbles on the surface of conical pits was observed by atomic force underwater testing, revealing that the diameter of the conical pit notch is the key to influence the nanobubble morphology. The nucleation mechanism of nanobubbles due to local saturation of gases in pure water solution and the regulation mechanism of nanobubble morphology by the surface potential energy of cone pits are revealed by the molecular dynamics simulation method of alcohol-water exchange. Lubrication experiments demonstrate that surfaces with nanobubbles have a more stable high drag reduction, and the larger the nanobubble morphology the better the stable lubrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110545"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancement lubrication effect of a novel thiophosphate as additive of lithium complex grease in comparison to ZDDP
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110549
Xia Li , Yi Li , Huimin Yang , Anjie Liu , Songwei Zhang , Litian Hu
{"title":"Enhancement lubrication effect of a novel thiophosphate as additive of lithium complex grease in comparison to ZDDP","authors":"Xia Li ,&nbsp;Yi Li ,&nbsp;Huimin Yang ,&nbsp;Anjie Liu ,&nbsp;Songwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Litian Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand of high-performance additives suitable for lubricating grease is increasing with the development of high-end equipment. Herein, a novel thiophosphate 3-(O, O- di-nonylphenol di-thiophosphate)-2-methylpropanoic acid (NDMA) was synthesized and added to lithium complex grease as an extreme pressure and anti-wear additive. The physicochemical, rheological, and tribological properties of NDMA were studied and compared with ZDDP. The results indicate that NDMA can improve and enhance oil separation under pressure and dropping point. NDMA showed better shearing resistance, friction reducing, anti-wear and load carrying capability than ZDDP. The lubrication mechanism of NDMA was demonstrated through molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicate that NDMA has strong adsorption capacity on sliding surfaces, promoting the tribo-chemistry reaction between NDMA and iron surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110549"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of different sliding conditions on interface tribological behavior of friction torque limiter
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110551
Bo Wang, Jianmei Wang, Liang Chen, Ke Ning, Houchao Li
{"title":"Effect of different sliding conditions on interface tribological behavior of friction torque limiter","authors":"Bo Wang,&nbsp;Jianmei Wang,&nbsp;Liang Chen,&nbsp;Ke Ning,&nbsp;Houchao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of sliding conditions on the sliding torque, surface temperature and friction wear characteristics of friction torque limiter (FTL) were studied based on a self-made transmission test rig. The results show that the effect of loading pressure on the wear loss is higher than that on the temperature rise, and the sliding speed is the opposite. During the sliding process, the friction coefficient of the friction pair increases and then decreases, and the sliding torque appears attenuation effect. The increase of loading pressure and sliding speed significantly increases the interface temperature rise, changing the interface contact state, aggravates the interface wear, and leads to more obvious sliding torque attenuation effect, which seriously affects the working performance of the FTL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110551"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Low friction and wear of polycaprolactone/epoxy coatings driven by solid-liquid phase change
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110550
Guojuan Liu , Weiming Niu , Yifan Yao , Yibing Fan , Hongwei Zhou , Xiaojun Xu , Hao Li , Minhao Zhu
{"title":"Low friction and wear of polycaprolactone/epoxy coatings driven by solid-liquid phase change","authors":"Guojuan Liu ,&nbsp;Weiming Niu ,&nbsp;Yifan Yao ,&nbsp;Yibing Fan ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Xu ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Minhao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-liquid phase change materials (solid-liquid PCMs) feature both easy maintenance of solid lubricating materials and low coefficient of friction (COF) as well as good heat dissipation of liquid lubricating materials. In this study, we investigated the lubrication performance of polycaprolactone (PCL), a member of PCMs, and epoxy composite coatings (PCL/epoxy) by adjusting friction-interface temperature through varying sliding speeds (2000 r/min (rpm), 500 rpm, and 100 rpm). We found that at 2000 rpm the PCL/EP composite coating shows a drastic reduction of COF by 50.6 % and wear rate by 93.1 %, compared to pure EP coating. The excellent tribological performance are attribute to the formation of liquid PCL. These findings provide new insights into addressing slow-release issues associated with liquid lubricants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110550"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-phase FCC-based AlxCrFeNi2Si(1-x) medium entropy alloy coatings design for tailoring toughness and wear resistance of CSS-42L bearing steel
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110548
Xia Li , Qinghua Zhou , Wanyou Yang , Wei Pu , Ke Xiong , Pu Li , Yanyan Huang
{"title":"Multi-phase FCC-based AlxCrFeNi2Si(1-x) medium entropy alloy coatings design for tailoring toughness and wear resistance of CSS-42L bearing steel","authors":"Xia Li ,&nbsp;Qinghua Zhou ,&nbsp;Wanyou Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Pu ,&nbsp;Ke Xiong ,&nbsp;Pu Li ,&nbsp;Yanyan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-phase FCC-based Al<sub>x</sub>CrFeNi<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>(1-x)</sub> (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1) medium entropy alloy coatings were designed by adjusting Al/Si molar ratio and manufactured by employing laser melting deposition technology on CSS-42L aerospace bearing steel, with the comprehensive consideration on toughness and wear resistance demands of the auxiliary bearing system. Experimental results indicated that the addition of Al sets the tone of the dual-phase FCC+BCC structure of CrFeNi<sub>2</sub>Al MEA coating, while the exclusive addition of Si promotes the formation of silicides. By adjusting the Al/Si molar ratio, a coating with a microstructure of multiphase FCC+eutectic BCC/silicide was obtained. The co-doping of Al and Si has improved the microhardness, toughness, and wear resistance of the coating to different extents. Among the studied MEA coatings, the Al<sub>0.2</sub>CrFeNi<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>0.8</sub> coating exhibited the best wear resistance while maintaining higher toughness, attributed to the synergistic effects of the FCC, and eutectic BCC/silicide phases. Second phase strengthening and solid solution strengthening caused by lattice distortion are the main mechanisms to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of the Al<sub>x</sub>CrFeNi<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>(1-x)</sub> MEA coatings. The second phase mainly includes the high strength BCC phase and silicide phase, while the lattice distortion is mainly caused by the large atomic size mismatch and elastic mismatch between Al and Si atoms and other atoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110548"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tribological characterization of high entropy alloy particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites at room and cryogenic temperatures
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术
Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110546
Kaiguang Luo , Waqas Farid , Ahmed Fouly , Charlie Kong , Hailiang Yu
{"title":"Tribological characterization of high entropy alloy particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites at room and cryogenic temperatures","authors":"Kaiguang Luo ,&nbsp;Waqas Farid ,&nbsp;Ahmed Fouly ,&nbsp;Charlie Kong ,&nbsp;Hailiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High entropy alloy particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites (HEAp/AMC) with mass fractions of 1.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 4.5 wt%, along with pure aluminum, were fabricated via stir-casting. Among these, the 3 wt% HEAp/AMC exhibited the lowest wear rate. The 3 wt% HEAp/AMC were then subjected to room-temperature rolling (RTR) and cryorolling, and their tribological characteristics were investigated. Compared to RTR HEAp/AMC, the wear rate of cryorolled HEAp/AMC decreased from 3.87 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(Nm) to 2.70 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(Nm) at room temperature, which declined to 1.41 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(Nm) in a cryogenic environment. The wear rate in the cryogenic environment decreased by 63.6 % compared to that at room temperature. The wear debris of the HEAp/AMC in the cryogenic environment was substantially refined, indicating a transition from adhesive wear to abrasive wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110546"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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