Raisa E.D. Rudge , Heather M. Shewan , Jason R. Stokes , Joshua A. Dijksman , Elke Scholten
{"title":"Dynamics of particle entrainment for glass particles suspended in various fluids","authors":"Raisa E.D. Rudge , Heather M. Shewan , Jason R. Stokes , Joshua A. Dijksman , Elke Scholten","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The frictional properties of two sliding surfaces are often influenced by a fluid lubricant’s ability to separate and facilitate movement. When particles are present, their entrainment between surfaces can alter friction, either increasing or decreasing it compared to fluid lubrication alone. Understanding the frictional regimes and the dynamics driving particle entrainment in suspensions is thus critical. This study investigates the tribological properties of glass particles suspended in various fluid matrices. We examined suspensions with varying particle concentrations, fluid viscosities, fluid hydrophobicity, and particle hydrophobicity. Our findings reveal that particle lubrication dominates under the following conditions: (I) high particle concentrations, (II) high fluid viscosities, (III) strong particle – surface interactions, and (IV) weak fluid – particle interactions. These insights are crucial for applications in food science, biomedical industries, and pharmaceuticals, where controlling particle friction is essential for optimizing consumer satisfaction and ensuring the performance and safety of lubricants in medical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110235"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minghao Nie , Pengfei Jiang , Xingran Li , Dandan Zhu , Tailin Yue , Zhihui Zhang
{"title":"Directed energy deposition combined with interlayer remelting for improving NiTi wear resistance by grain refinement","authors":"Minghao Nie , Pengfei Jiang , Xingran Li , Dandan Zhu , Tailin Yue , Zhihui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Directed energy deposition of NiTi coatings has received much attention, however, its performance is difficult to meet the increasing requirements in the engineering field. In order to refine the grains to improve wear resistance, a novel interlayer remelting method for fabricating NiTi alloys by directed energy deposition is proposed in this study. The influence of laser interlayer remelting parameters on lattice structure, phase transformation behavior, microstructure, crystallographic evolution, and microhardness was thoroughly analysed in comparison. Good formability is demonstrated after interlayer remelting, while the high energy density leads to microstructure refinement and eutectic regions are observed between dendrites. The grain size decreases with increasing remelting speed, which is due to the faster cooling rate having a greater degree of subcooling with more nucleation points. The faster interlayer remelting speed shows a higher microhardness (586 HV<sub>0.2</sub>) with higher wear resistance, which is attributed to its finer grain size and significant grain boundary strengthening. Reciprocating sliding wear experiments show that the wear resistance is improved after interlayer remelting, especially at a load of 30 N, the specific wear rate is 1.35 * 10<sup>−4</sup>mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, which is only 47 % of that of the untreated sample. This study proposes a technique to achieve synergistic enhancement of microhardness and sliding wear properties of reinforced coatings, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of NiTi coatings in engineering and extends the field of additive manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110300"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianyong Lan , Chunshao Mo , Xiaozhi Chen , Tao Hu , Xiaolei Li , Chenhui Zhang
{"title":"Carbon fiber/nano SiO2 reinforced polyelectrolyte-graft UHMWPE for water lubricated superlubricity","authors":"Jianyong Lan , Chunshao Mo , Xiaozhi Chen , Tao Hu , Xiaolei Li , Chenhui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a new kind of UHMWPE composite with ultralow coefficient of friction (COF) and high mechanical properties was developed. An efficient method was established to graft hydrophilic monomer 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPMK) onto UHMWPE powder by thermal initiation radical polymerization. The COF of UHMWPE grafted SPMK sample was significantly reduced by 50 %. After filling carbon fiber and nano SiO<sub>2</sub>, the COF of UHMWPE composites can be reduced as low as 0.009 at 0.1 m/s. Besides, a 76.1 % decrease in wear rate of single UHMWPE was achieved. The outstanding tribological properties of UHMWPE composite was attributed to the synergistic effect of hydration lubrication and particle reinforcement. The prepared UHMWPE composite has great potential to realize water lubricated bearing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenjiang Wu , Yue Liu , Mengxue Shao , Jinshu Wang , Yangzhong Li , Jian Peng , Hongyi Li , Shuqun Chen
{"title":"Insights into the microstructure and load-dependent wear characteristics of the boride layer on Inconel 718 alloy","authors":"Zhenjiang Wu , Yue Liu , Mengxue Shao , Jinshu Wang , Yangzhong Li , Jian Peng , Hongyi Li , Shuqun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dense compact boride layer was developed on the Inconel 718 alloy by powder pack-boriding process. The microstructure and load-dependent wear characteristics of the boride layers were systematically investigated. It is found that the boride layer on Inconel 718 alloy consists of a ∼2.0 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m thick nickel-rich top layer, a ∼11.3 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m thick compound layer with nanocrystalline (Ni,Fe)<sub>23</sub>B<sub>6</sub> and (Cr,Fe)B grains, and a ∼10.9 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m thick diffusion layer with dendritic Cr<sub>2</sub>B precipitation within the matrix. The phase evolution of the boronizing layer are explainable by thermodynamic modeling of Ni-Cr-B system and the phase stability for metastable Ni-B compounds is confirmed by DFT simulation. The boride layer on Inconel 718 alloy displays good wear resistance against Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ceramic balls both at room temperature and 500 ℃. Specifically, the wear rate at room temperature is in the order of 10<sup>-6</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>-1</sup> m<sup>-1</sup> and the wear mechanism is combined adhesive/abrasive wear and oxidation wear. A higher loading is found to promote the formation of boron oxide tribolayer on the friction ball surface, which mitigates the wear loss effectively. At elevated temperature, the wear rate is in the order of 10<sup>-4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>-1</sup> m<sup>-1</sup> and the wear mechanism is severe abrasion wear and oxidative wear. The employment of higher loads is beneficial to suppressing the formation of nickel oxide debris, which participates the friction process as third body and enhances wear loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110298"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vinay Sharma , Richard B. Timmons , Ali Erdemir , Pranesh B. Aswath
{"title":"Synergistic and antagonistic interaction between ZDDP and TiO2 nanoparticles under boundary lubrication","authors":"Vinay Sharma , Richard B. Timmons , Ali Erdemir , Pranesh B. Aswath","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lubricants are complex mixtures of additives that serve multiple purposes, and these additives must work synergistically at best and at worst, not interfere with each other. In previous research, nanoparticles of TiO<sub>2</sub> have demonstrated excellent tribological outcomes when used singularly as an additive in lubricants. In this study, we have shown that when nanoparticles of TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZDDP are used together they act antagonistically by resulting in very high wear rates wherein nanoparticles of TiO<sub>2</sub> remove the protective tribofilms from ZDDP as they form on the surface. To further investigate this behavior, we used these additives in alternating sequential order and introduced them at different time points (15 & 30 min) during the one-hour testing. Very synergistic interaction is seen when TiO<sub>2</sub> is used first followed by ZDDP wherein the TiO<sub>2</sub> reacts with the Fe substrate to form FeTiO<sub>3</sub>. This layer then serves as a superior surface for Zn-polyphosphates and Ti-phospate tribofilms formed due to the decomposition of ZDDP under tribological conditions. On the other hand, when use of ZDDP is followed by TiO<sub>2</sub> we see outcomes that favor the shorter duration of use of ZDDP, however, results are not as effective as former case where TiO<sub>2</sub> is followed by ZDDP. The addition of TiO<sub>2</sub> earlier in the tribological process assists in the development of more robust complex polyphosphate tribofilms leading to much desirable tribological properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110299"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziwen Cheng , Haochen Feng , Yangyang Lu , Zhibin Lu , Q.-C. He
{"title":"Electron-scale origin of structural superlubricity","authors":"Ziwen Cheng , Haochen Feng , Yangyang Lu , Zhibin Lu , Q.-C. He","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>First-principles computations are performed to study the phenomenon of structural superlubricity (SSL) relative to self-mismatched heterojunctions, rotating-mismatched homojunctions and curvature-mismatched coaxial double-walled nanotubes. It follows from the computations that the interfacial electron density fluctuation is responsible for all characteristics of SSL and can serve as predicting and describing them efficiently. This result further reveals that SSL comes from the fact that the incommensurable contact of two inert surfaces weakens their electronic interactions considerably. The model of SSL based on the electron redistribution a fortiori overcomes the limitations presented by the models of SSL based on the registry index (RI) or on the local pinning (LP).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110294"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yue Lu , Yan Zhang , Qianjie Wang , Gengrui Zhao , Junfang Ren , Honggang Wang , Gui Gao
{"title":"Tribological properties of graphene oxide reinforced aramid paper-based composites","authors":"Yue Lu , Yan Zhang , Qianjie Wang , Gengrui Zhao , Junfang Ren , Honggang Wang , Gui Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-lubricating paper-based composites can provide technological solutions such as low friction and extended service life for the aerospace airframe kinematic mechanical components. To improve the tribological properties of aramid short fibers, this study chemically combined graphene oxide (GO) with aramid nanofibers (ANF) through intermolecular forces, creating a self-lubricating GO-reinforced aramid paper-based composite GO/ANF. Mechanical performance tests have shown that the introduction of GO can significantly improve the fracture strength, Young's modulus, and toughness of paper-based composites. The frictional performance test results show that compared with ANF, the GO/ANF paper-based composites can maintain the lowest coefficient of friction (COF) and wear under high load and high sliding rate conditions. When the amount of GO added is 1 wt%, the COF and volume wear rate of GO/ANF paper-based composites are reduced by 23 % and 89 %, respectively. Mechanism analysis indicates that synergistic effects and friction transfer films are important factors contributing to the excellent performance of paper-based composites. This GO/ANF paper-based composite has good application prospects as a good anti-wear liner material in self-lubricating sliding bearing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110296"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyue Hu , Anh Tieu Kiet , Guanyu Deng , Hongtao Zhu , Pei Wang , Fei Lin , Long Wang
{"title":"Tribological performance evaluation of YSZ-NiCrAlY gradient materials by tribometer and nanoscratch","authors":"Xinyue Hu , Anh Tieu Kiet , Guanyu Deng , Hongtao Zhu , Pei Wang , Fei Lin , Long Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tribological properties of ceramic coating often fall short of expectations because of their inherent brittleness and internal microcracking and weak bonding strength. Gradient materials containing different Yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia ceramics (YSZ) and NiCrAlY were prepared at 1050 °C using discharge plasma sintering technique. Two interlayers consisting of different content of YSZ and NiCrAlY was located between the top YSZ and the NiCrAlY substrate, and the layers obtain good bonding. The microstructure and tribological properties of the ZrO<sub>2</sub>-based gradient-structured material were investigated. The element distribution on the surface of the sample after sintering was relatively homogeneous without obvious segregation. Nanoscratch tests indicate that the YSZ based layer obtains high coefficient of friction than the NiCrAlY layer. The tribological results suggested that the coefficient of friction decreases gradually with the increase of load, adhesive wear and oxidative wear were the main wear mechanisms, the formed oxidized layer rich of Zr and Ag contribute to the reduced coefficient of friction under different loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110292"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and evaluation of multi-state wear mechanism of elastic-flexible thin-walled bearings","authors":"Lai Hu , Banhu Li , Zixi Wang , Yuming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>EFTWBs (Elastic-flexible thin-walled bearings) are mainly used in harmonic reducers. Under the condition of large reduction ratio and cyclic rotation, LFW (linear fretting wear), CFW (curve fretting wear) and CRF (complete rolling friction) appear in the bearing raceway. In this study, LFW and CFW experiments were carried out, and the relationship between coefficient of friction and surface hardness was analyzed. Meanwhile, the multi-dimensional analysis (surface hardness, residual stress, surface/subsurface retained austenite) of the raceway surface integrity of EFTWBs after 8000 h of high service was analyzed. Combined with the manufacturing process of EFTWBs and the above conclusions, the multi-state wear mechanism of raceway was comprehensively evaluated. The evaluation conclusions show that the raceway of EFTWBs contained CRF (including pitting and spalling) and sliding fretting wear (including LFW and CFW). The axial and tangential residual stresses of the untested and tested outer and inner ring raceways were compressive stresses. Grain delamination appeared on the tested outer and inner ring raceway subsurface (20 µm from the surface). The wear of the outer ring raceway of EFTWBs was greater than that of the inner ring, and the wear was multiple. A 430 nm nanocrystalline layer was found under FIB-TEM on the surface layer of the outer ring raceway, and the fracture and obvious dislocation appeared. The rolling-sliding wear mechanism of EFTWBs raceway was comprehensively evaluated. The accuracy of this analysis was verified by combining thin-walled ring and Hertz theories. There are many detailed conclusions which provide theoretical support and data analysis for relevant manufacturers of harmonic reducer and robot EFTWBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110293"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nodirjon Tursunov , Sheikh Shahid Saleem , Umida Ziyamukhamedova , M.F. Wani , Mohd Nadeem Bhat , Taseer Anwar Mufti
{"title":"Microstructure, mechanical and tribological characterization of magnetron sputtering ZrN and ZrAlN coatings","authors":"Nodirjon Tursunov , Sheikh Shahid Saleem , Umida Ziyamukhamedova , M.F. Wani , Mohd Nadeem Bhat , Taseer Anwar Mufti","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research paper, mechanical and tribological characterization of novel high wear-resistant ZrN-ZrAlN coatings are presented. The varying concentrations of AlN is chosen to evaluate the influence of AlN the surface morphological, nanomechanical, and tribological properties of the composite coating. The coatings were developed on D9 steel substrates using nitrogen reactive gas radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering of zirconium and aluminium targets in an argon plasma. Variable power density for the aluminium target and constant power density for zirconium, was used to obtain in a systematic way, the variable concentration of AlN in the coating. Surface morphological studies were carried out to evaluate composition and crystal structure using X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Coatings display a polycrystalline structure, but the level of crystallinity decreases with higher AlN concentration. Nanomechanical and nano scratch testing, along with tribological experimental studies were performed to comprehensively analyse performance of the developed coatings. Higher hardness of composite coating is achieved with optimal concentration of AlN in ZrN-ZrAlN coating. Adhesion strength of the coatings increased with the increase in the concentration of AlN. ZrN-ZrAlN coatings depicted low wear, however coatings containing AlN exhibits superior wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 110295"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}