Toxin Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Phthalates in commonly used pharmaceuticals","authors":"Ş. Sungur, Mutasım Ciran, M. Köroğlu, F. Turgut","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2094415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2094415","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phthalates are man-made, endocrine disrupting chemicals that are commonly used in plastics, medical applications, drugs, personal care products, cosmetics, perfumes, home furnishings, dyes, children’s toys, food packaging. Animal studies have revealed that phthalates have many adverse health effects. Since phthalates do not dissolve in acidic environments, they are only soluble in neutral or basic environments, they are frequently used in gastro-resistant film coatings of drugs that are not intended to dissolve in the stomach and that need to be dissolved directly in the intestine. Within the scope of this study, phthalates and their amounts in frequently used drugs in our country were determined by GC-MS and the potential health risks of patients using such drugs were evaluated. It was determined that the total phthalate concentrations in the examined drug samples ranged between 0.209 and 4.800 mg kg−1, and the amounts in a single tablet ranged between 2.7× 10−5 and 1.5× 10−3 mg/tablet. The highest concentrations of total phthalate were found in cholesterol (4.800 mg kg−1) and blood pressure lowering drugs (4.442 mg kg−1). The calculated hazard index values were found to be less than one. This showed that the phthalates detected in the drugs examined did not pose a risk to human health.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"257 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41645713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snake venom toxins targeting the central nervous system","authors":"Amitava Talukdar, Priya Maddhesiya, Nima D. Namsa, Robin Doley","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2084418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2084418","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Snake venom is a blend of bioactive proteins, polypeptides, and various other substances with toxic and lethal properties that are known to modulate varied physiological and biological systems. During envenomation, venom toxins primarily target the hemostatic and nervous system for effective immobilization or death of the prey. The central (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are targeted through neuroreceptors, synaptic membranes, and critical ion channels, and some of these toxins also penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Despite its vital role and influence on the central nervous system, there exist limited information on the role of venom proteins and peptides associated with the manifestations of neurotoxicity. This review attempts to update the reader on the mechanism of direct and indirect interactions of snake venom protein (s) in the central nervous system as well as its effects on the physiology and behavior of the envenomated prey. Further, the role of these snake venom peptides in the field of neuropathic pain and neurodegenerative diseases has been reviewed for their therapeutic potential. Future investigations may provide valuable information to study the detailed mechanisms of such interactions to identify novel targets for the development of therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"382 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43219132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-titanium dioxide exposure and autophagy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Li Li, Ruoyun Dong, Tao Liu, Yaqian Yang, Hongmei Chang, Xiaojia Meng, Yaxin Deng, Qianqian Wang, Yiman Zhao, Guanling Song, Yunhua Hu","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2084419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2084419","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) is widely used in many aspects of human life. However, there are still inconsistent conclusions about the effects of nano-TiO2 exposure on autophagy. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were used to reveal whether nano-TiO2 induces dysregulation of autophagy. The results showed that LC3 II, Beclin-1 protein, and LC3 II/LC3 I protein ratio were significantly increased, but p62 protein was insignificantly changed. Subgroup analyses showed that p62 and Beclin-1 protein were increased significantly when the treatment time of nano-TiO2 was >24 h. Nano-TiO2 can induce dysregulation of autophagy and cause stagnation of autophagy after prolonged exposure.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"407 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43280544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trophic transfer, bioaccumulation, and potential health risk of trace elements in water and aquatic organisms of Yundang Lagoon at Xiamen in China","authors":"M. M. Uddin, Guogan Peng, Lingfeng Huang","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2084420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2084420","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, distribution and accumulation of trace elements (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in water, tissues of aquatic organisms (e.g. fishes: Oreochromis niloticus, Platycephalus indicus, Clupanodon punctatus; crabs: Charybdis japonica, Portunus sanguinolentus, and Charybdis varuegata; prawns: Litopenaeus vannamei, Metapenaeus joyneri, Penaeus japonicas, Penaeus penicillatus; mollusks: Mytilus spp., Perna spp.), and trophic transfer in food web were investigated in Yundang Lagoon at Xiamen in China. Most of the studied metals such as Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb were biodiluted in the food web except As which was biomagnified in the food web. Moreover, the target hazard quotient and total target hazard quotient risk values were higher than threshold limit values indicating that non-carcinogenic health risk to the inhabitants due to consumption of aquatic organisms.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"242 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46496033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical characterization, multi-exposure deterministic and probabilistic health hazard evaluation in groundwater in parts of Northern India","authors":"H. Rajkumar, P Pedda Sadhu Naik, Gagandeep Singh, Madhuri S. Rishi","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2080222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2080222","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work attempts to identify the latent factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry and assess the groundwater quality and associated health risks in the intermontane valley of Nalagarh in the sub-Himalayan zone in northern India. Analytical results of 64 groundwater samples, 32 each collected during pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons show contrasting results for their major chemical constituents. During pre monsoon period, only 3% of the samples exceed their permissible limits for pH, EC, TH and Mg2+, while during post monsoon period, different parameters, such as TH, Mg2+ and K+, exceed their limits by 9, 16, and 3%, respectively. Gibbs and Piper diagrams reveal that groundwater chemistry is mainly controlled by water-sediment (alluvial) interaction. Geochemical signatures and saturation index (SI) further indicate that the weathering and dissolution of silicate, calcite and dolomite minerals mainly contributed to dominance of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3 - ions in the aquifers. Monte Carlo simulation ascertains non-carcinogenic health risks due to NO3 − and F− in different sub-population groups. Deterministic and probabilistic estimates of these parameters via ingestion and dermal routes confirm their percentage hazard toxicity in the order infants (58.38; 39.62%) >children (15.62; 15.85%) >teens (6.25; 2.73%) >adults (6.25; 1.90%) for pre monsoon. The hazard toxicity for deterministic study implies only on infants (9.38%), whereas, the probabilistic simulation extracted the health risk on infants (6.57%), and children (0.58%) during post monsoon. Minor populations with their lower body weights are more vulnerable to groundwater pollution due to greater consumption of liquid diet. Therefore, treated groundwater is strongly recommended to mitigate health morbidities linked with the non-cancerous risks.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"204 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46221134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antinociceptive peptides from venomous arthropods","authors":"J. Muller, L. Y. Chan, M. C. Toffoli-Kadri, M. Mortari, D. Craik, J. Koehbach","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2065510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2065510","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many analgesic peptides have been isolated from arthropod species such as spiders and scorpions and their three-dimensional structures, which are typically stabilized by several disulfide-bonds, correlate with their activity and molecular targets. In contrast, only individual species of Chilopoda (centipedes) and Insecta (Hymenoptera) have been described to contain antinociceptive peptides and those display only α-helical structures, with the latter also lacking disulfide bonds. Here we review the structural diversity of antinociceptive arthropod peptides and highlight their largely untapped potential for the discovery of novel analgesic lead molecules.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"362 - 381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46152478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial effect of fresh frozen plasma in reducing renal complications in Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion envenomated children with severe hemoglobinuria: an open label randomized clinical trial","authors":"E. Valavi, Parisa Amoori, N. Mohtasham, Tahereh Ziaei Kajbaf, M. Taheri, B. Cheraghian, Soodeh Hooshmandi","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2068031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2068031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acute kidney injury is a common complication of Hemiscorpius lepturus (HL) scorpion envenomation, via several mechanisms including pigment nephropathy, direct nephrotoxic effects of scorpion venom, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and acute interstitial nephritis. ADAMTS13 deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with severe HL scorpion envenomation and is effective in the development of HUS. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP), by replacing ADAMTS13, has proven effects on HL scorpion envenomated patients with HUS. This study evaluated the role of FFP in reducing of kidney injuries in complicated cases. In this open label randomized clinical trial, a total of 98 patients with massive hemoglobinuria following HL scorpion envenomation were included in the intervention and control groups (49 patients per group). The intervention group received FFP (10 cc/kg every 12 hours for three days) in addition to the anti-venom and other current therapies. Laboratory findings of renal activity, hemolysis, and urinalysis were evaluated in both groups, and maximum changes were compared. Comparison of maximum changes in laboratory findings between the two groups showed that administration of FFP can significantly reduce the deterioration of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine (Cr) levels in the intervention group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). In comparison with the control group, the incidence of proteinuria was significantly lower (p = 0.012), reduction of platelet count was significantly less (p = 0.044), and increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and leukocytosis was lower in the intervention group (p = 0.037 and p = 0.007, respectively). The mean length of hospital stay was 5.44 days in the intervention group and 5.933 days in the control group (p = 0.149). According to the present findings, FFP can significantly reduce the development of kidney damage after HL scorpion envenomation and can be safely used against the fatal progression of venom complications in severe cases, along with other common treatments.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"197 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46536870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of water pollutants using H3PO4-activated lignocellulosic agricultural waste: a mini review","authors":"Lawal Sirajo, M. A. Ahmad Zaini","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2062775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2062775","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lignocellulosic wastes are potential low-cost feedstock for the production of high surface area activated carbon. Activation using phosphoric acid encourages the splitting of biomass macromolecules and crosslinking reactions in creating porous textures. The resultant activated carbons endow surface area of 190-2000 m2/g and adsorption capacities for various pollutants of 16.1–535 mg/g. The process renders high carbon yield, low energy cost, exceptional removal performance and less environmental impacts. The lignocellulosic carbon activated with H3PO4 has properties similar to carbon oxides; its acidic groups are tightly bound to the carbon lattice, and it is chemically and thermally stable. This article is aimed to provide an overview of the recent outcomes in phosphoric acid activation of lignocellulose agricultural wastes and offer the way forward toward sustainable environment.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"349 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45878592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of malathion insecticide from aqueous solution by the integration of persulfate process and magnetite nanoparticles loaded on carbon (Fe3O4@CNT) in the presence of ultraviolet radiation","authors":"Malektaj Eskandari makvand, S. Sabzalipour, Mahboobeh Cheraghia, N. Orak","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2021.1993260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2021.1993260","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Malathion is one of the most common insecticides in the world, and its persistence in aquatic environments poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. In this study, a combined process of persulfate and magnetite nanoparticles loaded on carbon (Fe3O4@CNT) in the presence of ultraviolet light was used to decompose malathion as a chemically resistant compound in contaminated water. Fe3O4@CNT was synthesized, and then characterized and characterized using XRD refraction, electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. In this hybrid process, the decomposition of malathion occurred at pH =5, 2 mmol persulfate, and 0.4 g of Fe3O4@CNT at 60 minutes. The results of sconing experiments showed that sulfate, hydroxyl, and ultraviolet radicals are involved in the optimum decomposition of malathion and this process was able to purify the malathion from the water.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":"1226 - 1236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43696105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study on the accumulation of toxic heavy metals in fish of the Oman Sea: effects of fish size, spatial distribution and trophic level","authors":"Arash Javanshir Khoei","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2040033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2040033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate heavy metal (HMT) accumulation in some commercially pelagic (Scomberoides commersonnianus, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Saurida tumbil) and demersal fish (Parastromateus niger, Alepes melanoptera, Nemipterus japonicus, Alepes melanoptera) of Oman Sea. Fish samples were collected by trawl from inshore area of four stations along Chabahar bay. The heavy metal (Ni, Cr, Hg, Cd, Pb) concentrations in the muscle tissue of the fishes were assayed. In addition, the relationships between the level of heavy metal accumulation in fish tissue and fish size were studied. The demersal species accumulated more heavy metals compared to pelagic fishes (p < 0.01). Both in pelagic and demersal fishes, the rate of metal accumulations was different depending on fish species. In addition, the trophic level affected tissue muscular metal concentrations. Both in pelagic and demersal fishes, the carnivorous and euryphagous species accumulated more metals compared to phytoplankton and herbivorous fishes (p < 0.01). In most cases, negative relationships were observed between fish size (length and weight) and the metal accumulations (p < 0.01). However, some positive correlations were also observed in Hg, Pb and Cd concentrations with size in Psettodes erumei and Parastromateus niger (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the different patter of metals accumulations may be attributed to the differences in feeding behavior, metabolic activity and habitat. In this study, except Cd and Cr, the concentrations of all heavy metals were in the safe range and were below the hazardous limits recommended by the EC (2001) and USFDA.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"189 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46831525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}