Toxin ReviewsPub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2150648
V. Raja, M. A. Neelakantan
{"title":"Toxic uranium contamination in groundwater of Thoothukudi district, India: Evaluation of health risks using the geochemical and statistical approach","authors":"V. Raja, M. A. Neelakantan","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2150648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2150648","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present investigation aims to determine the health risks of toxic uranium contamination in the drinking water of the Thoothukudi district. Two hundred and eighty-six samples were examined during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons and found the uranium concentration ranges from <0.2 to 167 ppb (mean 12, Standard deviation 21) (pre-monsoon) and <02 to 190 ppb (mean 13, Standard deviation 24) (post-monsoon). Geochemical modeling studies and the reducing nature of samples reveal that the uraninite mineral is under saturated conditions, and the least soluble U4O9 mineral species is predominantly distributed during both seasons. Statistical analysis provides that applying nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers may induce the dissolution of uranium minerals, which is responsible for elevated uranium in the collected samples. The calculated noncarcinogenic risk of uranium range from 0.005 to 8.09 (pre-monsoon) and 0.005 to 9.18 (post-monsoon). 15% (pre-monsoon) and 17% (post-monsoon) of the samples show a higher noncarcinogenic risk. The calculated cancer mortality and morbidity are within the permissible limit of 10−3, and the present health risk assessment of uranium is evident that the people from this district have the chemical toxicity of uranium than the carcinogenic risk due to drinking water.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"316 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47288701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxin ReviewsPub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2134572
T. K. Chakraborty, Md. Shahnul Islam, G. Ghosh, Prianka Ghosh, S. Zaman, Ahsan Habib, Md. Ripon Hossain, Himel Bosu, Md. Rashidul Islam, Mostafa Al Imran, A. S. Khan, Md. Shahariea Karim Josy
{"title":"Human health risk and hydro-geochemical appraisal of groundwater in the southwest part of Bangladesh using GIS, water quality indices, and multivariate statistical approaches","authors":"T. K. Chakraborty, Md. Shahnul Islam, G. Ghosh, Prianka Ghosh, S. Zaman, Ahsan Habib, Md. Ripon Hossain, Himel Bosu, Md. Rashidul Islam, Mostafa Al Imran, A. S. Khan, Md. Shahariea Karim Josy","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2134572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2134572","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated the groundwater chemistry, suitability, and potential human health risk in the southwest part of Bangladesh. Groundwater samples were collected from the shallow aquifer throughout the study area. A set of different hydro-chemical analyses, water quality indices, multivariate statistics, and geo-statistical models were applied to achieve the study objectives. Study results show the concentration of NH3-N, HCO3 −, Ca2 +, As, Fe, and Mn exceeded Bangladesh drinking water standards in 94%, 100%, 100%, 73%, 97%, and 91% of samples, respectively. Groundwater quality indices indicate that about 94% of samples are suitable for irrigation, and about 82% are unsuitable for drinking. In the study area, groundwater is mainly Ca2+-Mg2-HCO3 − types, and rock-water interactions dominate the mineralization process. Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, and HCO3 − > Cl− > SO4 2− are the sequential orders of major cation and major anion, respectively. Multivariate analyses show the geogenic origin is predominant over anthropogenic sources. Semivariogram models show moderate to weak spatial dependence. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks via oral exposure pathways for adults and children are in the high (97%) and very high (100%) categories, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"285 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42679857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxin ReviewsPub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2124420
K. Sathua, R. Singh
{"title":"Mitochondrial biogenesis alteration in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis and its therapeutic interventions","authors":"K. Sathua, R. Singh","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2124420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2124420","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Arsenic poisoning is one of the major devastation and horrific concerns across the globe. Its concentration in the environment is continuously increasing over time, and hence it may play a role of exterminator for the future civilization. Cancer is the one of the main detrimental outcomes of arsenic poisoning. The International Agency for Research on Cancer suggested arsenic as a class-1 carcinogen. The underlying mechanism pertaining to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis is still enigmatic. Although plentiful evidences have vouched that the redox machinery is the main culprit for arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, however several reports have documented regarding participation of mitochondria as the root originators of the redox signaling in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. Moreover, the redox machinery system plays a vital role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the influence of redox machinery systems on mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis in the development of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. The objectives of this paper are to review and evaluate the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in the development of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis in addition to the possible therapeutic option for modulation of such signaling mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"447 - 459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43080997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxin ReviewsPub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2001829
Mir Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Lokman Ali, M. J. Rakib, M. Islam, A. Habib, Shaharior Hossen, Khalid A. Ibrahim, A. M. Idris, K. Phoungthong
{"title":"Contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment from hubs of fish resource river in a developing country","authors":"Mir Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Lokman Ali, M. J. Rakib, M. Islam, A. Habib, Shaharior Hossen, Khalid A. Ibrahim, A. M. Idris, K. Phoungthong","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2021.2001829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2021.2001829","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract River water and sediment embody environmental characteristics that give valuable information about the eco-environment. Due to rapid unplanned urbanization and industrialization, the aquatic environment of any urban river can be seriously polluted by heavy metals. Four heavy metals (As, Cr, Cd, and Pb) were analyzed in surface sediments and water from the Kirtankhola River located in the coastal area of Bangladesh. The decreasing pattern of metals was observed as Cr > Pb > As > Cd in both water and sediment. The heavy metal ranges were 1.67–7.31, 12.64–45.69, 0.01–1.59, and 8.03–35.68 μg/L in the water and 2.09–6.89, 14.76–47.08, 0.01–1.77 and 6.37–41.43 mg/kg in sediments for As, Cr, Cd, and Pb. The number of metals tested in water samples surpassed the acceptable limits of drinking water quality, indicating that water from this river is not safe for drinking and cooking and could pose a risk to the riverine ecosystem. The pollution load index (PLI) values were close to one, indicating that the sediment of the study river was low contamination. Contamination factor (CF) has reported that As, Cd, and Pb have been moderate to extremely polluted by sediment samples and metals level implied that the condition is much alarming and probably severely affecting the aquatic ecology of this riverine ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":"1253 - 1268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45127276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxin ReviewsPub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2124419
K. Kowalczyk, J. Roszak, Z. Sobańska, M. Stępnik
{"title":"Review of mechanisms of genotoxic action of dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (formerly dibenzo[a,l]pyrene)","authors":"K. Kowalczyk, J. Roszak, Z. Sobańska, M. Stępnik","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2124419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2124419","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic compounds that have always been present in the environment. With the technological and civilization development, exposure to this class of compounds has considerably increased. Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC), formerly known as dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, is one of the most important and probably the most carcinogenic among all PAHs tested so far. Its carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on mammalian cell systems and animals have been documented, and hence it was classified as “possibly carcinogenic to humans.” This review presents the most important aspects of mechanisms of genotoxicity after exposure to DBC.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"460 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44093826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxin ReviewsPub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2124421
C. B. D. da Costa, Vanessa Ramos de Carvalho, L. L. C. Ferreira, Jorge Luiz Schirmer de Mattos, Leila de Mendonça Garcia, Marcia de Souza Antunes, F. J. Martins, N. Ratcliffe, R. Cisne, H. Castro
{"title":"Production of hyperimmune sera: a study of digestion and fractionation methodologies for the purification process of heterologous immunoglobulins","authors":"C. B. D. da Costa, Vanessa Ramos de Carvalho, L. L. C. Ferreira, Jorge Luiz Schirmer de Mattos, Leila de Mendonça Garcia, Marcia de Souza Antunes, F. J. Martins, N. Ratcliffe, R. Cisne, H. Castro","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2124421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2124421","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Several scientific studies to evaluate the process of digestion and fractionation of immunoglobulins have been carried out in order to improve the production of hyperimmune sera. Today, quality, safety, and production efficiency, along with the development of optimized, robust, and cost-effective processes are priorities. Thus, this work analyzed previous studies of enzymatic digestion of heterologous immunoglobulin G, as well as studies of protein fractionation with caprylic acid, to verify the experimental conditions and their impacts on production processes. The establishment of possible variables; such as concentration, pH, time, and temperature; may allow optimization of the production of hyperimmune sera. Most of the digestive processes evaluated took place at 37° C, pH 3.2, with times longer than 90 minutes, and pepsin inactivation between pH 7.0 and 7.2, while fractionation with caprylic acid used a concentration of 5%, 37° C, and pH 5.0–5.8, for 60 minutes. This work aimed to establish, the ideal conditions to be applied in the production of hyperimmune sera.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"478 - 490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47834864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxin ReviewsPub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2124422
Ali Asghar Haghgoo, M. Cheraghi, S. Sobhanardakani, B. Lorestani, V. Izadkhah
{"title":"Preparation of AC/KOH and AC/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite from waste rice straw for the removal of cyclophosphamide from aqueous solutions","authors":"Ali Asghar Haghgoo, M. Cheraghi, S. Sobhanardakani, B. Lorestani, V. Izadkhah","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2124422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2124422","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, rice straw was used for synthesizing AC/KOH and AC/Fe3O4/ZnO as fresh adsorbents for the elimination of Cyclophosphamide (CP) from water samples. In so doing, the crystalline form, the chemical compound and the morphology of the adsorbents were characterized utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), pHpzc, and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) methods. Then, the optimum conditions for removal efficiency of CP onto AC/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite were obtained at CP concentration of 20 mg L−1, AC/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite dose of 0.01 g, solution pH of 7, equilibrium time of 45 min, and temperature of 25 °C. The CP adsorption data was modeled by isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) and kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion) using the origin nonlinear software version 6.1. Based on the results obtained, the maximum adsorption capacities of CP on AC/KOH and AC/Fe3O4/ZnO were 185.6 and 224.3 mg g−1, respectively. In addition, the results of the desorption tests showed that AC/KOH and AC/Fe3O4/ZnO were comfortably regenerated using methanol and sodium hydroxide.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"275 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47073379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxin ReviewsPub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2120897
Mohammad Samare-Najaf, A. Samareh, B. Namavar Jahromi, N. Jamali, S. Vakili, Majid Mohsenizadeh, C. Clark, A. Abbasi, Nastaran Khajehyar
{"title":"Female infertility caused by organophosphates: an insight into the latest biochemical and histomorphological findings","authors":"Mohammad Samare-Najaf, A. Samareh, B. Namavar Jahromi, N. Jamali, S. Vakili, Majid Mohsenizadeh, C. Clark, A. Abbasi, Nastaran Khajehyar","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2120897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2120897","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The etiology of female infertility includes a variety of causes, all of which could be induced by environmental pollutants. Organophosphates (OPs) are major constituents of pollutants that cause infertility in aquatic and terrestrial organisms. However, no study has comprehensively reviewed the female fertility-related consequences of exposure to OPs. In this study, the reviewed studies revealed that OPs exposure could elicit detrimental alterations in organ histomorphology, sex hormone levels, and related signaling pathways. Furthermore, preconceptional exposure was associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, where prenatal exposure negatively impacted newborn health. Therefore, it is necessary to restrict the current widespread application of OPs or to alter their chemical structure so not to negatively impact female fertility.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"419 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48557074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxin ReviewsPub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2111444
R. Ramasubramanian, S. Karthi, S. Senthil-Nathan, H. Sivanesh, N. Shyam Sundar, Vethamonickam Stanley-Raja, G. Ramkumar, K. Chanthini, P. Vasantha-Srinivasan, K. M. Alarjani, Mohamed S. Elshikh, A. Abdel-Megeed, Patcharin Krutmuang
{"title":"Effect of bacterial toxin identified from the Bacillus subtilis against the Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)","authors":"R. Ramasubramanian, S. Karthi, S. Senthil-Nathan, H. Sivanesh, N. Shyam Sundar, Vethamonickam Stanley-Raja, G. Ramkumar, K. Chanthini, P. Vasantha-Srinivasan, K. M. Alarjani, Mohamed S. Elshikh, A. Abdel-Megeed, Patcharin Krutmuang","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2111444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2111444","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent times, controlling agricultural diseases and pests using chemical pesticides is broadly applied and is considered effective but it is not considered as eco-friendly. For pest control, biological ways have been considered sustainable and safe. As bio-control agents, the Bacillus species exhibit a large spectrum of biological activity. The application of Bacillus subtilis as a potential bio-control agent against the lepidopteran pest, the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis is the focus of our study. The strain B. subtilis-MW365355 was identified by morphological, biochemical, and genetic analyses. Under laboratory conditions, cell suspensions of B. subtilis (Bs) were added to an artificial diet, fed to C. medinalis and the effects of the bacterial ingestion were evaluated by measuring the feeding, growth, food utilization and behavioral response of C. medinalis. An effect of B. subtilis in the artificial diet was evaluated with the different spore concentrations of 3.2 × 105, 6.3 × 105, 1.5 × 107 and 4.1 × 107 CFU/ml. The larvae fed with the B. subtilis amended diet had a significantly reduced growth efficiency compared to the control group fed with a bacteria-free diet. In conclusion of our study, B. subtilis (Bs) will significantly contribute to the management of leaffolder disease in the future.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"264 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41367637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxin ReviewsPub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2108590
{"title":"Retraction statement: Enhancement of the antifungal properties of Zataria multiflora essential oil through nanoencapsulation with ZnO nanomaterial","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2108590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2108590","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Toxin Reviews (Vol. 41, No. 3, 2022)","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"284 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}