Toxics最新文献

{"title":"Human Biomonitoring of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in Women Living in a Southern Italy Hotspot Area.","authors":"Roberto Miniero, Vittorio Abate, Annalisa Abballe, Tatiana Battista, Michele Conversano, Elena De Felip, Silvia De Luca, Anna Rita Fulgenzi, Nicola Iacovella, Anna Laura Iamiceli, Simona Insogna, Valentina Marra, Carmela Russo, Anna Maria Ingelido","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090730","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taranto is the main harbor in Southern Italy and one of the most industrialized cities in the country, largely due to the presence of a large industrial area that includes a major oil refinery, a cement plant, and the former ILVA steel factory, which is one of the largest steel plants in Europe. A human biomonitoring study was conducted on breast milk from two groups of women residing in areas with different levels of exposure to polychlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs). The study aimed to assess the differences in exposure between the two groups of general people, with one group classified as \"exposed\" and the other as \"non-exposed\". Between 2015 and 2018, 150 breast milk samples were collected: 76 from the exposed group and 74 from the non-exposed group. A specific questionnaire was also administered to the donors. The data were analyzed using a robust regression approach. The results showed significant differences in the concentrations of all analyte classes between the two groups. The difference in concentration from the non-exposed to the exposed group was highly significant (TOT_TE, 5.70 vs. 7.35 pgWHO-TE/g, PCDD + PCDF 3.34 vs. 4.53 pgWHO-TE/g, DL-PCB 2.35 vs. 2.80 pgWHO-TE/g; <i>p</i> << 0.05), with the most notable difference observed for the Σ₁₀ (PCDFs) family (~37%). Additionally, two distinct theoretical exposure profiles were identified: one for women residing in urban peripheries and another for those living in city/town centers. Women in the peripheries were characterized by a profile of four to six chlorinated dioxin/furan congeners plus two PCB congeners, while women in the city centers exhibited a profile of six to eight chlorinated PCDD and PCDF congeners plus five to six chlorinated PCBs. Among women residing in urban peripheries, those living in the peripheries of Statte and Taranto showed the highest exposure levels. All the results appear to witness the highest exposure of the exposed women deriving from the steel plant of concern. In addition, the highest exposure levels for the analytical sum of Σ₆ (NDL-PCBs) were found in women from a municipality classified as non-exposed: Ginosa (periphery).</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Inequalities in Exposure to Air Pollution in the EPIC Cohorts of Turin and Varese.","authors":"Mattia Costantino, Francesco Sera, Carlotta Sacerdote, Sabina Sieri, Valeria Pala, Fulvio Ricceri, Chiara Di Girolamo","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090724","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Europe, evidence on the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and air pollution exposure is mixed. We assessed the association between individual SEP (education and occupation) and air pollution in the Turin and Varese European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohorts. This cross-sectional study included participants enrolled between 1992-1998, categorised by three educational (high, medium, and low) and three occupational (high-, medium-, and low-skilled) levels. Air pollution exposure (2008-2011) at residential addresses was estimated using Land Use Regression models. Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) data were available for both cohorts; particulate matter (PM_2.5, PM₁₀) only for Turin. Linear regression models (adjusted for sex, age, and marital status) estimated associations between SEP and annual mean pollutant concentrations (µg/m³), stratified by cohort. In Varese, lower education was associated with lower NOx exposure. In Turin, medium and low education were also linked to lower NOx exposure, though without a clear gradient. In both cohorts, individuals in medium- and low-skilled occupations had lower nitrogen exposure than those in high-skilled jobs. Associations between SEP and PM exposure in Turin were weak to null. In conclusion, lower SEP was associated with slightly lower nitrogen exposure; no clear link was found with PM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Soil Washing Approach to Remediation of Lead-Contaminated Soil with Amino Acid Ionic Liquid [Met][NO₃].","authors":"Yun Deng, Sheng Wang, Lin Fu, Weijie Xue, Changbo Zhang, Jiawei Deng, Xin Luo, Yuyao Liu, Danyang Zhao, Gilles Mailhot","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090725","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Against the challenge of extreme lead (Pb) contamination (>15,000 ppm) in industrial polluted soils, where conventional agents fail to disrupt stable Pb-soil complexes-this study extends our prior cadmium (Cd) remediation research to validate amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) for highly recalcitrant metals. Fifteen AAILs were screened via batch washing, with [Met][NO₃] (methionine-based) demonstrating the highest Pb removal efficiency. Single-factor optimization revealed that under the conditions of 0.8 mol/L, 6:1 liquid-soil ratio, 60 min, 85.4% Pb was removed from severely contaminated soil by [Met][NO₃]. Kinetic analysis using four common models showed that the second-order kinetic equation provided the best fit, indicating that Pb removal was predominantly driven by chemical reactions such as complexation or ion exchange. After washing, the contents of various Pb species were significantly reduced, thereby mitigating environmental risks. Notably, no substantial changes in soil texture were observed. However, a marked increase in organic matter content was detected, accompanied by decreases in soil pH and mineral element concentrations. Analysis of soil mineral composition, functional groups, and chemical speciation revealed that [Met][NO₃] primarily facilitated Pb removal through ion-exchange and coordination reactions. This study establishes [Met][NO₃] as a green agent with dual efficacy: it achieves high-efficiency remediation of severely Pb-contaminated soil while ensuring environmental sustainability, thus highlighting its potential for practical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Disruption in <i>Brachionus plicatilis</i> Exposed to Bisphenol A: A Locomotion-Based Assessment.","authors":"Quang-Anh Tran, Nhat-Truong Phan, Quynh-Anh Tran-Nguyen, Hong Thi Mai, Thao Linh Thi Phan, Mau Trinh-Dang","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090723","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the effects of Bisphenol A (BPA)-a ubiquitous endocrine disruptor-on the swimming behavior of the rotifer <i>Brachionus plicatilis</i>. Across a 0-40 ppm gradient, a biphasic response was observed, with swimming speed peaking at 20 ppm (100.42 ± 12.17 µm/s) and then significantly declining by 43% to 57.58 ± 30.59 µm/s at 40 ppm (Tukey, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Speed-frequency plots revealed co-existing hyper- and hypoactive sub-populations at 10-30 ppm, whereas severe inhibition dominated at 40 ppm. Additionally, temporal analysis confirmed that BPA effects were both concentration- and time-dependent, with the mean speed at 10 ppm declining only slightly over time (slope ≈ -0.8), whereas at 40 ppm, the decrease was an order of magnitude steeper (slope ≈ -16.9). Additionally, BPA exposure also triggered a sharp rise in abrupt turns (582.53 ± 477.55 events) and greater path sinuosity, consistent with neuromuscular disturbance. These findings demonstrate that rotifer locomotion provides an early and sensitive indicator of environmental BPA exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DALYs-Based Health Risk Assessment and Key Influencing Factors of PM_2.5-Bound Metals in Typical Pollution Areas of Northern China.","authors":"Ting Zhao, Kai Qu, Fenghua Ma, Yuhan Liang, Ziquan Wang, Jieyu Liu, Hao Liang, Min Wei, Houfeng Liu, Pingping Wang","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090722","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The health risks of PM_2.5-bound metals highlight the need for burden assessment, metal prioritization, and key factor analysis to support effective air quality management, yet relevant studies remain limited. Shandong Province is one of the most polluted regions in northern China, providing an ideal setting for this investigation. We monitored 17 PM_2.5-bound metals for three years across Shandong, China and performed disease burden assessment based on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Furthermore, key influencing factors contributing to high-hazard metals were identified through explainable machine learning. The results showed that PM_2.5-bound metal concentrations were generally higher in inland areas than in coastal regions, with Ni concentrations elevated in coastal areas. K, Ca, Zn, and Mn exhibited the highest three-year average concentrations among the metals, while Cr averaged 6.12 ng/m³, significantly exceeding the recommended annual limit of 0.025 ng/m³ set by Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards. Jinan carried the greatest burden at 4.67 DALYs per 1000 people, followed by Zibo (3.78), Weifang (2.98), and Rizhao (2.80). CKD, interstitial pneumonia, and chronic respiratory diseases account for the highest DALYs from PM_2.5-bound metals in Shandong Province. Industrial emissions are the largest contributors to the disease burden (>34%), with Cr, Cd, and Pb as the primary contributing metals requiring priority control. Fractional vegetation cover was identified as the key factor contributing to the reduction in their concentrations. These results underscore that prioritizing the regulation of industrial combustion, particularly concerning Cr, Cd, and Pb, and enhancing fractional vegetation cover could reduce disease burden and provide public health benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Aggregation Behavior of Typical Aromatic Pollutants and Its Influence on the <i>n</i>-Octanol-Air Partition Coefficient.","authors":"Wanran Li, Wencong Fan, Jing Zhang, Shuhua Chen, Yawei Shi, Guanghui Ding","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090721","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aggregation behavior of typical aromatic pollutants in the <i>n</i>-octanol phase and its influence on the <i>n</i>-octanol-air partition coefficient (<i>K</i>_OA) were investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. The aggregate proportion of selected aromatic pollutants gradually increased with increasing simulation time and then reached a dynamic equilibrium state. It is interesting to find that the higher the concentration of aromatic pollutants, the more aggregates formed in the <i>n</i>-octanol phase. Log <i>K</i>_OA values of these aromatic pollutants were subsequently estimated based on the percentages of aggregates and the solvation free energy from the gas phase to the <i>n</i>-octanol phase. The log <i>K</i>_OA values were also found to gradually increase with increasing concentration. Therefore, the effect of concentration on <i>K</i>_OA should be taken into consideration during the analysis of the environmental behavior and transport of these aromatic pollutants. In addition, it was found that π-π interactions drive the formation of different numbers of aggregates for different aromatic pollutants, a phenomenon that affects the <i>K</i>_OA values of aromatic pollutants. The above results shed some light on the effects of aggregates and concentration on the partition behavior of aromatic pollutants and provide a theoretical basis for the correction of <i>K</i>_OA of aromatic pollutants in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Soil Covers Shield Farmland? Assessing Cadmium Migration Control from Coal Gangue Using a Multi-Compartment Approach.","authors":"Hanbing Liu, Yao Feng, Chenning Deng, Zexin He, Huading Shi, Su Wang, Minghui Xie, Xu Liu","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090717","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potentially toxic element pollution caused by coal mining activities, especially the accumulation of cadmium, has become a major threat to the global environment and health. Long-term mining activities in China, a major coal consumer, caused a large accumulation of coal gangue. Gangue weathering and leaching release Cd, which threatens the ecological safety of the surrounding soil and water bodies. Although the government has implemented ecological restoration projects in the mining areas, there is still a lack of systematic evaluation of pollution control of downstream farmlands. For this study, remote sensing analyses of fractional vegetation coverage (FVC), geo-accumulation index (<i>I_geo</i>), and potential ecological risk index (EI) data, as well as the pollution characteristics and ecological risks of Cd, were evaluated for a coal mining area in Jiangxi Province. Coal gangue, restoration cover soil, downstream farmland soil, irrigation water, and sediment samples were used in the analyses. After restoration, the Cd concentration in the mining cover soil (0.23 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of the coal gangue (1.18 mg/kg), while the Cd concentration in the downstream farmland soil (0.44 mg/kg) was roughly an average of the two. The geo-accumulation index indicates that the farmland soil is mainly unpolluted (with an average <i>I_geo</i> of -0.25). However, some points have reached the level of no pollution to moderate pollution. Coal gangue poses a relatively high ecological risk (with an average EI of 118), while cover soil and farmland soil pose low risks (with an average EI of 22.5 and 39.86, respectively). The restoration project significantly reduced the Cd input in the downstream farmlands. The study revealed the effective blocking of external soil cover on Cd migration, providing a key scientific basis for the optimization of ecological restoration strategy and risk prevention and control in similar mining areas worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Health Consumption Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Content in the Triggerfish <i>Balistes</i> spp. from the RAMSAR Site 1826 San Ignacio-Navachiste-Macapule Lagoon Complex.","authors":"Héctor Abelardo González-Ocampo, Adán Alfonso Michel-Rubio, Ernestina Pérez-Gonzalez, Guadalupe Durga Rodríguez-Meza","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090718","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trace metal (TM) concentrations and carcinogenic risk were determined in ninety-two edible samples of the triggerfish <i>Balistes</i> spp. from the RAMSAR site 1826 San Ignacio-Navachiste-Macapule Lagoon Complex (NAV). The acid digestion method and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer were used to determine TM concentrations. Calibration curves were carried out using TORT-3 reference materials. The blank and certified reference materials were treated using the same procedure as a sample. TM sequence was Zn > Fe > Mn > Cu = Pb > Ni > Cd, and a correlation (<i>p</i> = 0.0169) between size and concentrations was found. No correlation (<i>p</i> = 0.079) was found between weight and concentrations, or sampling sites and the concentrations. The highest concentrations were found during the summer, followed by the spring and winter of 2017, while the lowest was found in the winter of 2018. The Zn was significantly higher in summer-17. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) was <1 for Pb, Ni, Cd, Fe, Zn, and Cu, and 1.39 for Mn. Cd and Pb resulted in carcinogenic potential (CsFo < 1) with a very low probability. The TM concentrations and bioaccumulation in triggerfish showed no consumption risk, due to its omnivorous diet, and trophic transfer rates were described for aquatic food webs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory Effects of Aquadag, a Black Carbon Surrogate, on Microbial Growth via Surface-Mediated Stress: Evidence from Adenosine Triphosphate Assay.","authors":"Hwangyu Yoo, Saehee Lim, I Seul Cho, Haneul Im, Euna Lee, Siyoung Choi, Han-Suk Kim, Sohee Jeong, Younggyun Choi","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090719","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black carbon (BC) from incomplete combustion sources including traffic emissions affects human health due to its physical characteristics and ubiquity in urban environments. We examined the effects of BC on microbial growth in the presence of particulate matter (PM), using Aquadag as a surrogate for BC. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis showed BC had a specific surface area of 123.2 m² g^-1, with over 90% of particles smaller than 100 nm, indicating strong surface interaction potential. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 was cultured for 7 days with various BC concentrations and fixed PM. Increasing BC (0-100 ng mL^-1) significantly inhibited growth, evidenced by a decline in cellular adenosine triphosphate (cATP) with a slope of -1.296 ± 0.258 cATP ng mL^-1/BC ng mL^-1. The seven-day mean cATP slope ranged from 77 to 131, with control at 161. The biomass stress index (BSI) increased by 56%, rising from 28.6 ± 8.8% (control) to 44.6 ± 16.1% under high BC. The BSI change was minimal on day 1 (<+0.1% per BC ng mL^-1) but greater on days 5 (+0.125 ± 0.052%) and 7 (+0.130 ± 0.075%). BC does not cause immediate microbial death, but prolonged exposure induces cumulative stress, damages synthetic enzymes, inhibits growth, and may lead to cell death, with potential public health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source Apportionment and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Fringe Areas: A Case Study of Kaifeng West Lake, China.","authors":"Jinting Huang, Bingyan Jin, Feng Zhou","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090720","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exploring the pollution characteristics and ecological risks of urbanization on lakes in urban fringe areas has guiding significance for the control and scientific management of heavy metal pollution in lakes in urban fringe areas. Taking the West Lake in Kaifeng city as an example, the samples of the sediments and surface water of the lake were collected, and the contents of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were measured, assessing the degree and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution using the Geo-Accumulation Index (<i>I_geo</i>) and Potential Ecological Risk Index methods (RI); and the sources of pollution were identified. The results show that the heavy metal concentrations in the surface water of the West Lake in Kaifeng city are generally low; average concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, and As in sediments are 3.120, 1.810, 1.700, 1.540, 1.000, 0.990, and 0.430 times higher than the background value of fluvo-aquic soil, respectively. The sequence of the average <i>I_geo</i> from high to low is Cd (1.020) > Cu (0.220) > Zn (0.160) > Cr (0.000) > Pb (-0.610) > Ni (-0.640) > As (-1.850). Among them, contaminations with Pb are classed as moderately polluted; As pollution is relatively light, while other heavy metals are unpolluted. The average Potential Ecological Risk Coefficient (<i>E</i>) values for seven heavy metals are Cd (93.500) > Cu (9.040) > Ni (4.990) > Pb (4.950) > As (4.290) > Cr (3.080) > Zn (1.700). Cd is at a considerable potential ecological risk, while other heavy metals are at low ecological risks. Heavy metal pollution in sediment of West Lake in Kaifeng mainly comes from traffic activities such as yacht machinery wear and gasoline burning. The research findings provide a scientific foundation for developing effective mitigation strategies against heavy metal contamination in peri-urban lacustrine ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}