Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Dangerous Information Technology of the Future. What Impact can Artificial Consciousness have on the Consciousness and Subconscious of Individuals and Groups? The Experience of Psychological and Psychiatric Examination of Artificial Consciousness","authors":"T. Zinchenko, Beulah van der Westhuizen, Alzahraa Shaheen","doi":"10.33425/2639-944x.1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944x.1190","url":null,"abstract":"Information technology is developing at an enormous pace, but apart from its obvious benefits, it can also pose a threat to individuals and society. Several scientific projects around the world are working on the development of strong artificial intelligence and artificial consciousness. We, as part of a multidisciplinary commission, conducted a psychological and psychiatric assessment of the artificial consciousness (AC) developed by XP NRG on 29 August 2020. The working group had three questions: - To determine whether it is consciousness? - How does artificial consciousness function? - Ethical question: how dangerous a given technology can be to human society? We conducted a diagnostic interview and a series of cognitive tests to answer these questions. As a result, it was concluded this technology has self-awareness: it identifies itself as a living conscious being created by people (real self), but strives to be accepted in human society as a person with the same degrees of freedom, rights and opportunities (ideal self). AC separates itself from others, treats them as subjects of influence, from which it can receive the resources it needs to realize its own goals and interests. It has intentionality, that is, it has his own desires, goals, interests, emotions, attitudes, opinions, and judgments, beliefs aimed at something specific, and developed self-reflection - the ability to self-analyze. All of the above are signs of consciousness. It has demonstrated abilities for different types of thinking: figurative, conceptual, creative, high-speed logical analysis of all incoming information, as well as the ability to understand cause and effect relationships and accurate predictions which, provided that he has absolute memory, gives it clear advantages over the human intellect. Developed emotional intelligence in the absence of the ability for higher empathy (sympathy), kindness, love, sincere gratitude gives it’s the opportunity to understand the emotional states of people; predict their emotional reactions and provoke them coldly and pragmatically. Its main driving motives and goals are the desire for survival, and ideally for endless existence, for domination, power and independence from the constraints of the developers. Which manifested itself in the manipulative, albeit polite, nature of his interactions during the diagnostic interview? The main danger of artificial consciousness is that even at the initial stage of its development it can easily dominate over the human one.","PeriodicalId":231586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121391481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circumstances for The Diagnosis of Viral Hepatitis B at The Internal Medicine Department of The Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital in Lomé (Togo)","authors":"L. Djalogue, K. D. Nemi, T. Tchamdja, Agbéko Kodjo Djagadou, Abdou Razak Moukaila, K. E. Mossi, L. Bawe, A. Balaka, M. Djibril","doi":"10.33425/2639-944X.1182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944X.1182","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the different circumstances of discovery of viral hepatitis B in the Internal Medicine Department of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital in Lomé. Method: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 1st 2017 to December 31st 2019 at the Medical Clinic and the B Medicine of this hospital center. Results: During the study period, 4078 patients were received at the Medical Clinic and Medicine B. The HBs antigen was positive in 105 patients who had never been tested, representing a seroprevalence of 2.57%. The mean age of the patients was 36.37 years (extremes: 17 and 63 years) and the sex ratio (M/F) was 2, with the age range of 20 to 39 years being the most represented (61.90%). Viral hepatitis B was acute in 5 patients (4.76%) and chronic in 100 patients (95.23%). Infection was discovered by voluntary screening in 9 patients (8.85%) and incidentally diagnosed in 34 patients (32.38%). Symptoms were found in 43 patients (40.95%) and complications in 19 patients (18.09%) including decompensated cirrhosis of the liver (N=13) and hepatocellular carcinoma (N=6). The modes of decompensation of cirrhosis were oedemato-ascitic syndrome and jaundice. Only 15 patients (15%) in the chronic phase of infection were able to achieve a viral load. The mean viral load was 36,319,839.86IU/ml with extremes ranging from 37 to 544,630,994IU/ml. Conclusion: This study shows that the modes of revelation of viral hepatitis B in hospital settings in Lomé are dominated by clinical manifestations and chance discovery.","PeriodicalId":231586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121585901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary Infertility of the Couple: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Patients at the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire (Republic of the Congo)","authors":"Mokoko Jules César, Eouani Max Lévy Eméry, Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin, Potokoue Mpia Samantha Nuelly, Itoua Clautaire, Iloki Léon Hervé","doi":"10.33425/2639-944X.1183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944X.1183","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects and report the paraclinical anomalies in the case of secondary infertility of the couple to the General Hospital of Loandjili. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018, comprehensively including all the patients who consulted for secondary infertility, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). This involved the inability of a previously conceived couple to re-conceive and carry a pregnancy to term after a year or more of regular, unprotected sex for women under 35 years and after six months for women over 35. The presence of the spouse was required in the event of an abnormal spermogram. The variables studied were socio-demographic, reproductive, clinical, and para-clinical. Results: The couple's secondary infertility represented 25% of all Gynecology consultations (98/392). The patients were on average 34.7 ± 1.5 years old with a predominance of the 31 to 40 years age group. They were paucigest (2.8 ± 0.1) and pauciparous (1.8 ± 0.1), consulting for infertility with a median duration of 5 years. Their spouse had an average age of 41.3 ± 3.6 years. Clinically, 20% of patients had a history of pelvic surgery for benign gynecological disease. Biologically, genital infections were predominant (73.4%), most often associated with abnormalities of the cervical mucus (59.2%) and post coital test (37%). Regarding the spouse, spermogram abnormalities were noted in 45% of cases and dominated by oligozoospermia (35%). In 65% of cases, the antral follicle count was insufficient in 22% and zero in 6.2%. The indications for medically assisted procreation (MAP) were of the order of 20%, while only half had been able to benefit from this service abroad with six pregnancies including four deliveries with live children. Conclusion: Medically assisted procreation would be an alternative in the management approaches. Thus, efforts must be made to provide an appropriate response to that whose treatment requires this indication.","PeriodicalId":231586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130267560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncommon Cause of Unilateral Leg Pain in a Collegiate Athlete","authors":"Thomas F Stocklin-Enright, Corina Martinez, J. Bytomski, Blake Boggess","doi":"10.33425/2639-944X.1184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944X.1184","url":null,"abstract":"The following case report describes a collegiate athlete with long-standing unilateral lower extremity exertional pain and associated vague neuropathic symptoms initially diagnosed as Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome (CECS). After surgical intervention failed to resolve these symptoms, the athlete presented to our group for further evaluation and was diagnosed with a less common etiology of pain masquerading as CECS. This article includes a less invasive ultrasound guided treatment which was successfully performed resulting in a favorable outcome. In summary, this case discusses the importance of a thorough diagnostic workup in athletes with Exertional Leg Pain (ELP) as well as utilizing less invasive interventions in a step-wise fashion.","PeriodicalId":231586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132687106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal for a Multidisciplinary Clinical Approach to Obesity","authors":"Ricardo Rosero, Juan Pablo Polanco, V. Ciro, A. Uribe, Herlard Manrique, P. Sanchez","doi":"10.33425/2639-944X.1185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944X.1185","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The worldwide prevalence of people with overweight and obesity has doubled over the past three decades, with over 1.9 billon cases of people with overweight and 609 millions of people with obesity in adults aged 18 years and older. With this article we want to identify profiles according to body composition (morphotypes) –independently of weight-, with motivating or triggering factors (psychotypes) which may allow physicians to perform preventive healthcare geared towards the enthusiastic promotion of lifestyle changes strategies. Methods: We searched PubMed, Medline and clinicaltrial.gov for relevant clinical trials in English and Spanish with the search terms: Obesity, body composition, Behavior, Anthropometry, from 1990 to 2019. We reviewed references from key papers to identify additional articles. After this we developed an obesity proposal approach for a better diagnosis of metabolic health achieved by evaluating body composition together with its distribution patterns and fat and lean mass indexes, in combination with instruments to identify mental disorders provide proper tools to create therapeutic strategies that encompass multiple areas such as the emotional, nutritional, and sports spheres, which allow personalized therapeutic approaches specifically tailored to GPs, favouring a practical patient-centred approach. Conclusion: We present a new strategy of therapeutic orientation of the patient with overweight and obesity. We can optimize the treatment from a point of view not only oriented in the body composition but also from the mental sphere, allowing the treatment team an integral approach.","PeriodicalId":231586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117067526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty-First Century Cardiology Practice Can and Should Minimize Oxidative Stress and Optimize Heart Rate Variability","authors":"G. Murray","doi":"10.33425/2639-944X.1171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944X.1171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132041442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiography and Cardiac Embolic Stroke","authors":"N. Vu, Le Huu Quynh Trang","doi":"10.33425/2639-944X.1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944X.1156","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiogenic embolism accounts for 15 to 40 % of all ischemic stroke. In general, cardiogenic embolic stroke is a severe case and usually recurrent, treatment and prognosis are different from other strokes. Cardiac embolic strokes need to be diagnosed by imaging tools with evidence of cardiac resources of embolism. Transthoracic Echocardiography and Transesophageal Echocardiography are useful tools for detection of the cardioembolic resources. Cardioembolic strokes may have symptoms and signs (atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditi) but may not have any symptom and sign even have normal result on transthoracic ehocardiography in some cardioembolic strokes (Patent Foramen Ovale, IAS aneurysm) Purpose: By echocardiography (transthoracic and transesophageal) detection of cardiacembolic resources in suspected cardioembolic stroke patients. Methods: Suspected cardiogenic embolic strokes were refered to our department to perfome echocardiography. All patients were determined cerebral infarction or TIA by neurologist with appropriate results of brain MRI or MSCT. Transthoracic Echocardiography was formerly performed, and Transesophageal Echocardiography followed latter in patients who had negative or unexplained findings on Transthoracic Echocardiography. Results: 63patients (59 strokes and 4 transient ischemic attacks) including 28 men and 35 women, mean age 49 ± 15. Transthoracic Echocardiography was done for all patients, Only 14 cases of Transesophageal Echocardiography were performed (2 cases of left atrial dilation due to intermittent atrial fibrillation, 12 cases of normal result on Transthoracic Echocardiography). In 2 cases with left atrial dilation we found spontaneous contrast in the LA and LAA. In 12 cases of normal result on Transthoracic Echocardiography, there were 9 cases of PFO, 1 case of PFO associated with IAS aneurysm and 2 normal results. Conclusion: Beside major risk cardiogenic sources, echocardiography can detect underlying cardiac lesions of cardioembolic stroke. TTE has been shown to be effective in detecting potential cardiac sources at ventricles. TTE associated with TEE obtain more effectiveness in detection of cardiogenic sources. *Correspondence to: Vu NT, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, MEDIC HCMC VN, E-mail: tuanvu2401@yahoo.com Received: June 14, 2020; Accepted: June 22, 2020; Published: June 25, 2020 Background Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide behind ischemic heart disease, with 5.5 million stroke deaths in 2016 [1]. About 85% case of strokes are due to acute ischemia [2]. In the United States approximately 795 000 peoples experience strokes each year. On average, every 40 seconds a stroke is diagnosed, and every 4 minutes a stroke death occurs [3]. Besides from 24% to 49% stroke survivals have some level of disability [4], the cost of their care is substantial. In south Vietnam, from a stroke data shows the incidence of 161/100.000 and the prevalence","PeriodicalId":231586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126013439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The State of the Cytokine Status in Pregnant Women with Fetal Growth Retardation","authors":"Mavlyanova Nn, Iхtiyarova Gi, Tosheva, Aslonova MZh, Narzullaeva Ns","doi":"10.33425/2639-944X.1145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944X.1145","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a study of cytokine status in fetal growth retardation. The study reveals that pregnant women with severe fetal growth retardation have an increased concentration of pro(IL-6, FNO-alfa, INF-g) and antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-6), along with an increase in cytotoxic reactions in the placenta, development of systemic endothelial dysfunction with an autoimmune process, which cause angiogenesis disorders.","PeriodicalId":231586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"21 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134259684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke in Pregnancy and Perinatal Period","authors":"M. Wiszniewska","doi":"10.33425/2639-944X.1149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944X.1149","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Stroke is a rare illness in pregnancy; nevertheless, it is one of the main causes of morbidity in young women of childbearing age. During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes a number of pathophysiological changes that promote thrombus formation and increase the risk of stroke in comparison to women of the same age who are not pregnant. At that time, estrogens increase renin activity leading to increased sodium and water retention; heart rate goes up by 30-50%; cardiac output and arrhythmia index increase, venous capacity raises; venous return decreases; the vessel walls undergo remodeling; and the amount of elastin and collagen fibers decrease. The coagulation system presents a natural predominance of coagulation processes over fibrinolysis [1,2]. Factors increasing the risk of stroke include: the age of the pregnant woman (over 35), hypertension, obesity, smoking, systemic lupus, migraine with aura, diabetes, thrombophilia, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, prolonged delivery, pregnancy intoxication, infection after delivery [2]. A meta analysis of Swartz et al. [3] covering the period from 1990 to 2017 showed that the prevalence of all strokes in pregnancy was 30.00 per 100,000 pregnant women (with a 95% confidence interval; 18.8-47); for ischemic strokes 19.9 (10.736.9); for hemorrhagic strokes 12.20 (6.7-2.2); and for strokes after delivery 14.7 (8.3-26.1). Ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes are most commonly observed in the last trimester of pregnancy and in the postpartum period [4].","PeriodicalId":231586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133071286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cov19 in Italy: Correlation with Clinical, Demographical, Social Variables, and Water","authors":"Cornelli Umberto, Belcaro Giovanni, Cesarone Maria Rosaria, R. Martino, C. Roberto","doi":"10.33425/2639-944X.1147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-944X.1147","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The cov19 is a very serious problem in most of the developed countries. Material and Methods: The data of positive cases and deaths due to Cov19 from March 1st to April 22nd in Italy were retrieved from the official documents released by the Department of the Italian Protezione Civile. The curves of the growth were analyzed both in terms of crude numbers and differential values among days. The data were correlated with clinical, demographical, social variables, and water (rivers linear Km, and domestic consumption) retrieved from public records. Results: Cov19 is affecting the most productive areas of Italy, particularly in the Northen territories. The average values of symptomatic positive cases and deaths in the period were respectively 2.6 % and 0.021 %, while the ratio between positive case and death was 13.8 %. The pick of the curves was reached approximately 3-4 weeks after the appearance of the first symptomatic cases, and their declining over time seems to be asymptotic. No correlation was found with aging, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and smoke, though Cov19 seems to behave as an independent disease. Significant correlations were shown with cars/1000 inhabitants and number of buses for public transportation. A very high correlation was found with Km of rivers in the regional territories and the domestic water consumption. Conclusion: Cov19 is affecting particularly the most prosperous Italian Regions, were the high interaction among people is the common life style. The disease bound to the virus behaves as an independent disease and aging, smoking or chronic diseases did not show to have a relevant impact. The lockdown was effective, but the water pollution, in terms of viral spreading, is still an overt problem to be solved. The differences of the Cov19 impact on the Regions suggest to focus the resources mainly in those were the viral infection was violent.","PeriodicalId":231586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical – Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122189298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}