Tobacco Control最新文献

{"title":"Joint impact of cigarette taxes and smoke-free laws on youth cigarette smoking and related disparities in the USA.","authors":"Catherine Vander Woude, Yanmei Xie, James H Buszkiewicz, James Thrasher, Michael R Elliott, Megan Patrick, Nancy L Fleischer","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the impact of cigarette taxes on youth smoking in counties with and without workplace and hospitality smoke-free laws.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a nationally representative sample of 8th, 10th and 12th graders from the 2001-2021 Monitoring the Future study, we investigated the interaction of taxes and smoke-free policies on cigarette smoking participation, initiation and intention, examining differences by sociodemographic factors (sex, race and ethnicity, parental education, college educational expectations). We stratified models by grade, estimating the average marginal effects (AMEs) using modified Poisson regression with a sandwich variance estimator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 12th graders, higher taxes were associated with lower past 30-day smoking, and the relationship was stronger in populations covered by either hospitality or workplace smoke-free laws compared with 12th graders not covered (workplace: AME=-0.009, 95% CI=-0.016 to -0.001; hospitality: AME=-0.010, 95% CI=-0.017 to -0.003). We also examined three-way interactions between taxes, smoke-free policies, and sociodemographic subgroups. We found interactions for taxes with hospitality smoke-free laws and parental education for daily smoking initiation, such that higher taxes were effective in areas with smoke-free laws among 8th graders regardless of parental education, but in areas without smoke-free laws, only among 8th graders whose parents had a college education or more. We found no other statistically significant interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found some evidence that taxes and smoke-free laws may work jointly to reduce cigarette smoking in certain youth populations. Policymakers should consider the complex tobacco control landscape and its effects on subpopulations when introducing laws.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industry actor communication practices in submissions on electronic nicotine delivery system policy in Australia.","authors":"Rebekah Anderson, Melissa Jones, Michelle I Jongenelis","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Commercial actor interference in public health policy is recognised as an impediment to the effective regulation of harmful products. To provide greater insights into the strategies being used to sway public policy related to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), we examined the communication practices adopted by those with a direct and indirect stake in these products in their submissions to government consultations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a content analysis of 196 submissions made by ENDS industry actors (eg, manufacturers, retailers, trade associations) to 13 public consultations conducted during a critical period in Australian ENDS legislation (2017-2023). Adapting a framework used in alcohol and tobacco control, we classified communication practices into higher-order categories (eg, misuse of evidence, logical fallacies/flawed arguments). We also coded the specific arguments used in submissions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost all submissions featured the misuse of evidence (96%), with the use of unsupported factual assertions (92%) and the promotion of weak evidence (79%) the most common practices identified. Most submissions featured logical fallacies (88%). In terms of the arguments used, almost all submissions featured content denying the effectiveness of ENDS control strategies (95%), with (1) unsubstantiated claims about the adverse effects of ENDS restrictions (85%) and (2) the promotion of alternative regulation that favours vested interests (85%) most common.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Those with direct and indirect financial interests in ENDS are engaging in misleading communication practices to interfere with public policy. Immediate action is required to limit the influence of these actors on policymaking and protect population health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of psychological and behavioural economic factors with cigarette, water pipe, e-cigarette and heated tobacco use in Israel.","authors":"Kerem Shuval, Qing Li, Clare Meernik, Ce Shang, Tammy Leonard, Bob M Fennis, Mahmoud Qadan, Jeffrey Drope","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Identifying behavioural factors related to tobacco may provide a better understanding of what drives this behaviour and thus may inform more effective tobacco control programmes and policies. In this study, we explore associations between behavioural factors (time preferences, risk-taking, general self-efficacy and grit) and tobacco and e-cigarette use among adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>4084 adults in the Smoking and Lifestyles in Israel study (2020) were examined. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between behavioural factors and the following tobacco and e-cigarette use variables: factory-made cigarettes (FMC), roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes, water pipes, e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTPs). Dual use of combustible cigarettes and water pipes, combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and combustible cigarettes and HTPs was also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable models revealed that impatient time preferences were significantly associated with higher odds of FMC, RYO and e-cigarette use (FMC: OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.32, 2.13; RYO: OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.00, 1.96; e-cigarettes: OR=1.93, 95% CI 1.14, 3.29) but not water pipes or HTPs. Higher risk-taking scores were associated with increased use of all tobacco products (eg, HTPs: OR=1.20; 95% CI 1.10, 1.32). Higher general self-efficacy was related to lower use of RYO (OR=0.82; 95% CI 0.69, 0.97), e-cigarettes (OR=0.46; 95% CI 0.35, 0.60) and HTPs (OR=0.32; 95% CI 0.24, 0.42). Increased general self-efficacy was also related to lower odds of dual use of all products, while impatience and higher risk-taking were associated with higher odds of dual use of all products. Grit was unrelated to the use of any product.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Risk-seeking and impatient preferences appear to increase the likelihood of using various tobacco products and e-cigarettes, whereas higher general self-efficacy appears as protective. These behavioural factors should be considered when designing interventions alongside evidence-based policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Velo (BAT) buffet of oral nicotine pouches in Pakistan: varying brand variant levels of nicotine, menthol and other flavour chemicals.","authors":"Joanna E Cohen, Maryam Ibrahim, Sejal Saraf, Kevin Welding, Wentai Luo, Kevin J McWhirter, Katherine Clegg Smith, James F Pankow","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Global sales of oral nicotine pouches are increasing. 10 brand variants of Velo (BAT) pouches were purchased in Karachi, Pakistan in 2022 and assessed for levels of nicotine, numerous flavour chemicals, packaging and price.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Purchase prices were recorded, and colours, images and words on the containers were assessed. Samples were analysed for nicotine and 180 individual flavour chemicals. Data were examined using the values of several flavour chemical groups, including total fruit flavour chemicals (TFFCs), total non-menthol mint chemicals (TNMMCs) and total menthol/mint chemicals (TM/MCs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All brand variants indicated the nicotine content on the container (6, 10 or 14 mg/pouch). The 14 mg variants were packaged with black container tops and cost 25% more than the others, which had off-white container tops. Measured nicotine levels were similar to the labelled values. 46 of the 180 flavour compounds were detected at least once in the 10 products; four compounds were detected in all 10 products. Variation in the levels of TFFCs, TNMMCs and TM/MCs was much larger than the variation for the measured values of nicotine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first independent assessment of oral nicotine pouch brand variants. Nicotine is available over a range of levels; it could be considered as a regulatory target. Consumers are also offered a buffet of options with a range of flavour levels and flavour mixes. Regulation of flavour chemicals in oral nicotine pouches should be considered in Pakistan given that flavours are known to increase product appeal, initiation by adolescents and quitting difficulty.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retailer perceptions of California's statewide sales restriction on flavoured tobacco: lessons from qualitative interviews with tobacco retailers across four diverse jurisdictions.","authors":"Morgan M Philbin, Zena Dhatt, Tianna Jacques, Rafael Colonna, Elizabeth Andersen-Rodgers, Justin S White","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In December 2022, California became the second US state to put into effect a sales restriction on most flavoured tobacco products, including menthol cigarettes and flavoured e-cigarettes. This study explored tobacco retailers' experiences with the statewide sales restriction across four Northern California jurisdictions with large Black communities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted structured interviews with 25 store owners and managers at tobacco retailers from July to September 2023. These occurred in four Northern California jurisdictions, three without an existing local flavoured tobacco sales restriction (Elk Grove, Stockton, Modesto) and one with (San Jose). Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed using a thematic content analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most (n=23) individuals owned or managed a tobacco specialty shop. We identified three main themes about retailers' experiences: (1) challenges understanding how to comply with the sales restriction, due to a lack of concrete and consistent government information; (2) the restriction's impact on business and customers, including selling new products (eg, anime plushies and glassware) and concerns that customers would purchase flavoured products elsewhere (eg, online or in another state) and (3) willingness to comply-most retailers reported attempting to comply with the restrictions, despite a lack of enforcement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retailers reported that the sales restrictions had reduced overall flavoured tobacco product sales, which distressed businesses and customers. Retailers sought clearer guidance on products they could sell and requested assistance with transitioning away from selling flavoured tobacco.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household tobacco expenditure and associated characteristics during substantial regular tobacco tax increases: analysis from a nationally representative longitudinal study in Australia from 2006 to 2022.","authors":"Jemmah Newell, Heewon Kang, Coral E Gartner","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated household tobacco expenditure by socioeconomic status and examined the associated factors in Australia from 2006 to 2022, incorporating a period of substantial regular tobacco tax increases (2010-2020).  METHODS: We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis of household data from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey to examine differences in household tobacco expenditure by Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA). Descriptive analyses were performed for all households and those with any tobacco expenditure, with dollar values adjusted for inflation to 2022. Linear regression with generalised estimating equations (GEE) assessed associations between different individual-level factors and household tobacco expenditure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2006 and 2022, smoking prevalence decreased by 5.6% points. Overall average annual household tobacco expenditure decreased by $7.8 ($980.5 to $972.7), while households that purchased tobacco increased spending by $1092.2 ($3839.5 to $4931.7). In 2022, households in the most disadvantaged areas allocated more than double the proportion of their disposable income to tobacco (6.3%) compared with households in the most advantaged areas (2.7%). GEE analysis showed a dose-response relationship between SEIFA category and household tobacco expenditure, with the most disadvantaged households spending an additional $245.5 (95% CI: $193.7-$297.2) compared with the most advantaged households. The additional tobacco-related expenditure for people who currently smoked compared with those who never smoked was $1500.5 (95% CI: $1424-$1577).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Disadvantaged households allocated more of their income to tobacco and spent more on tobacco overall than advantaged households, reflecting higher smoking prevalence. Additional non-price-related measures are needed to address these inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Support among adults for a policy to lower nicotine levels in cigarettes and cigars - USA, 2023.","authors":"Margaret Mahoney, Alexander Schwank, Maeh Al-Shawaf, Carissa Baker Holmes, Michael A Tynan","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nicotine is highly addictive and plays a dominant role in sustaining commercial tobacco use. This study assesses support for a policy to lower the nicotine levels in both cigarettes and cigars because reducing nicotine levels to less addictive or non-addictive levels is expected to reduce tobacco use and the resulting tobacco-related disease and death. Data came from SpringStyles 2023, a web panel survey of adults in the USA, aged 18 years or older (N=6694). Overall, 79.9% of adults supported this policy, including 69.3% of adults who currently smoke cigarettes, 70.2% of adults who currently smoke cigars and 79.2% of adults who reported that they tried to quit smoking in the past year. These findings can help inform federal, state, local, tribal and territorial efforts to reduce commercial tobacco product use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effects of minimum floor price laws on tobacco use among youth in the state of Virginia, USA: an agent-based simulation approach.","authors":"Shuo-Yu Lin, Hemant Purohit, Randy Koch, Andrew J Barnes, Rashelle B Hayes, Xiaoquan Zhao, Hong Xue","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-058801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-058801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preventing youth exposure to cigarette smoking is a public health priority. One of the most effective ways to reduce tobacco use is to increase the prices of tobacco products. Minimum floor price laws (MFPLs) are a relatively new but more feasible strategy that sets a price below which the product cannot be sold. We aim to examine the effects of minimum floor prices (MFPs) on tobacco use among youth in Virginia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An agent-based modelling (ABM) was developed from bottom-up to evaluate the influence of increasing the cigarette MFPs on middle and high school students' smoking behaviour in the state of Virginia. A rational-addiction model was integrated to model the smoking decision of youth under the dynamic utility maximisation framework within the ABM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model predicted that every 10% increase in the MFP in Virginia could prevent 2232 8th graders and 1890 12th graders from cigarette smoking, a 2.4% and 1.8% reduction in median smoking prevalence. For students who smoked, 8th and 12th graders would consume 0.36 and 0.45 fewer cigarettes per smoking day if experiencing a 10% increase in the MFP from the baseline US$7.50 to US$8.30. The MFP level that produces the maximal response was estimated to be between 10% and 30%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MFPLs provide local jurisdictions with a potentially effective strategy to reduce tobacco use and mitigate-related harms among youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of state e-cigarette tax policies on the transitions of youth tobacco/nicotine use patterns in the USA: evidence from national longitudinal data.","authors":"Siyi Huang, Qiushi Chen, Paul M Griffin, Sunday Azagba","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-058923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-058923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Several US states have implemented regulations, including e-cigarette taxes, primarily to reduce e-cigarette use among youth and young adults. Although several studies have examined e-cigarette tax regulations, studies assessing the impact of e-cigarette taxes on the transitions of tobacco/nicotine use patterns are largely absent from the extant literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 9774 participants aged 12-17 years at baseline from waves 1 to 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. We estimated transition probabilities between non-current users, e-cigarette-exclusive users and other tobacco/nicotine users. The inverse probability of treatment weighting method was applied to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) of e-cigarette tax policies on the transitions between tobacco/nicotine use classes among youth and young adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants in the states with e-cigarette tax policies had lower probabilities of progressing from non-current use to the other two classes and higher probabilities of opposite transitions than those without. The e-cigarette tax policies significantly decreased the probability of remaining as e-cigarette-exclusive users (ATT=-0.15 (95% CI -0.23, -0.08)) and increased their probability of transitioning to non-current users (0.19 (95% CI 0.09, 0.29)), compared with if they had not been exposed to e-cigarette tax policies. These policies also increased the probability of remaining in non-current users (0.02 (95% CI 0.01, 0.03)) and decreased the probability of progressing to other classes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that e-cigarette tax policies may prevent and reduce exclusive e-cigarette use in youths, providing valuable insights for states that have not implemented e-cigarette taxes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early assessment of compliance with California's flavoured tobacco sales prohibition: evidence from vape shops.","authors":"Arzoo Alam, Lisa Henriksen, Trent O Johnson, Judith J Prochaska, Nina Schleicher","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059047","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2024-059047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In December 2022, California became the second US state to prohibit the sale of most flavoured tobacco/nicotine products. To our knowledge, this is the first observational study to assess violations of California's law. It reports on the availability of flavoured vape products in vape shops and tests whether flavoured vape products were more common in vape shops nearer to college campuses compared with those farther from college campuses, adjusting for neighbourhood demographics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between April and July 2023, observations were recorded at vape shops (n=400) nearer to (≤3 miles) or farther from (>3 miles) a college campus. Vape shops were the focus of this study because a large proportion (48.2%) of US young adults purchase vapes from these venues. Availability of any disposable nicotine vapes, JUUL pods and flavoured varieties of these products were recorded. Multivariable logistic regressions tested relationships between flavoured product availability, proximity to a college campus and store neighbourhood demographics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In violation of California's law, flavoured disposable vapes and/or JUUL pods were available in 50.3% of all vape shops studied. Flavoured disposable vapes were in 53.2% of vape shops with any disposable vapes, and flavoured JUUL pods were in 30.9% of vape shops with any JUUL pods. Contrary to expectation, no significant relationships were identified between the availability of flavoured vapes and proximity to a college campus or store neighbourhood demographics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed high rates of violations among vape shops within 4 to 7 months after the implementation of California's law. Efforts to improve retailer education and enforcement are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}