Tobacco Control最新文献

{"title":"The impact of the GST reform on state-level tobacco use prevalence in India.","authors":"Rijo M John, Hana Ross","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India's 2017 Goods and Services Tax (GST) reform standardised tax rates nationwide, replacing varying state-level value-added taxes (VAT) with a tiered GST structure that applied the highest 28% rate on tobacco products. This shift altered the overall tax burden on tobacco, with some states experiencing increases or decreases based on their pre-GST VAT rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study for the first time examines the impact of GST on tobacco use prevalence across Indian states, using state-level VAT rates from 2016 to 2017 and district-level tobacco use data from 2015 to 2016 and 2019 to 2021, covering 636 districts. Two econometric approaches-pooled ordinary least squares and fixed effects panel regression models-are used with a focus on the differential impact in states with high and low pre-GST VAT rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The introduction of GST is associated with reductions in smokeless tobacco (SLT) and bidi use prevalence by 0.023 and 0.008 percentage points, respectively, indicating a small but statistically significant effect, with no notable impact on cigarettes. Additionally, the GST reform had a relatively larger effect in reducing SLT and bidi prevalence in high-VAT states compared with low-VAT states.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates that wherever the GST reform led to an increase in the tax burden, it resulted in a small but statistically significant reduction in tobacco use prevalence, emphasising the effectiveness of taxation as a tool to regulate tobacco consumption. It underscores the need for sustained public health-focused fiscal policies, including regular increases in excise duties, to further reduce tobacco use prevalence in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best practice for tobacco smoking policies within an acute substance use disorder care facility: considerations from a withdrawal management setting in British Columbia, Canada.","authors":"Natasha Caton, Mark Lysyshyn, Nicole Cowan, Evan Wood","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smoking-related illness has historically been a major cause of death in persons with substance use disorders. Smoking cessation has the potential to support improved substance use disorder outcomes, as well as improved physical and mental health outcomes in persons receiving other substance use disorder treatment. However, tobacco abstinence-oriented policies within substance use disorder care settings may create barriers to clients who are uninterested in quitting smoking being able to access other potentially lifesaving substance use disorder treatment. In British Columbia, where the drug toxicity crisis has become the leading cause of unnatural death, reducing barriers to accessing substance use disorder treatment is a key public health priority. We present a <b>reflection on considerations from a withdrawal management setting</b> of a smoking policy change within that facility and review the potential benefits and harms of permissive smoking policies within substance use disorder care environments. Benefits include the elimination of a barrier to accessing other substance use treatment, patient autonomy over participation in smoking cessation treatment and the potential for less covert smoking and associated risks. Risks include ongoing physical and mental health harms of smoking, potentially poorer other substance use treatment outcomes, risks of tobacco relapse to other clients and secondhand smoke exposure to staff and other clients. Further research will be needed to explore the impacts of this policy change and evaluate the potential role for other smoking cessation innovations, including expansion of nicotine replacement options such as provision of nicotine electronic cigarette devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review of Pacific Island countries' reports on the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (2007-2023): progress, challenges and opportunities.","authors":"Daniel Bogale Odo, Irene Semos, Odette Toloube, Melanie Pore, Vicky Wari, El-Shadan Tautolo, Raglan Maddox","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Consistent with the role of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the aims of this study were to review the FCTC progress reports submitted by the Pacific Island Countries (PICs) and assess regional FCTC progress.</p><p><strong>Data source and extraction: </strong>We searched FCTC: (1) Global Progress Reports for any information related to PICs; and (2) country-specific reports for all PICs. All reports submitted by PICs from 2007 to 2023 were reviewed. Information such as smoking prevalence for adult and young populations by sex/gender and age, objectives, targets, legislation, regulation and policies for tobacco control were extracted.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Ten global progress and 69 country-specific reports from 14 PICs were reviewed. In the most recent reports, daily smoking prevalence among males ranged from 15.8% in Niue to 64.8% in Kiribati, while among females, it ranged from 1.6% in Vanuatu to 31.8% in Kiribati. Current smoking prevalence among boys and girls ranged from 10% in Marshall Islands to 43% in the Federated States of Micronesia and from 1.5% in Marshall Islands to 28.8% in Palau, respectively. Price and tax measures, along with bans on tobacco sales to and by minors, were the most reported tobacco control strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the PICs have ratified the FCTC and made strides to fight tobacco use and its consequences, they still face significant challenges to fully implement the FCTC. Building local and regional capacity and capability to implement and monitor progress with tobacco control policies is essential to reducing tobacco-related death and disease in the PICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of 'light touch' medicines regulation for nicotine vaping products in Australia.","authors":"Coral E Gartner","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) have never been legal to sell as consumer products in Australia. However, a substantial illicit market in NVPs developed with retailers selling these products under the pretence of retailing nicotine-free vaping products (NFVPs), which were legal to sell in most states and territories until July 2024. Australia implemented a 'light touch' medicines regulation approach for NVPs in October 2021, in response to public concerns about a growing number of young people vaping while retaining access to NVPs for smoking cessation purposes. Substantial changes to the model were made throughout 2024, including the ending of general retail sales of NFVPs, strengthening the quality requirements for NVPs and dropping the prescription requirement for low-dose (≤20 mg/mL) NVPs. There have been several challenges to encouraging uptake of the model among both consumers and health practitioners, including low acceptability, concerns about legal liability and competition with a substantial illicit NVP market. Assuming the reforms implemented federally and by the states and territories are able to effectively curtail the illicit supply, it is unclear whether current consumers who are accessing NVPs illicitly will migrate to the legal pathway or stop NVP use. Success of the medical regulatory model will depend on support from NVP manufacturers, health practitioners, the public and policy makers. Other countries who may be considering implementing a 'light touch' medicines regulation model can learn from Australia's experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilisation of waterpipe tobacco imagery in cigarette advertising: a case study of American tobacco company and RJ Reynolds tobacco company.","authors":"Seyed Mehrdad Mohammadi, Pamela M Ling, Dorie E Apollonio, Stella Bialous","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-058896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-058896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tobacco companies employ various advertising methods, including immersive consumer experiences and cultural imagery, to promote their products. To our knowledge, no prior studies have explored how cigarette companies exploited perceptions of waterpipe tobacco in their marketing activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a search of the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library using keywords and snowball searches. Initial terms included 'water pipe', 'hookah', 'tradition', 'culture' and 'lounge', supplemented by programme, agency and individuals' names. Findings were cross-referenced with published scientific literature and advertising archives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>American Tobacco Co (ATC) introduced the Waterford cigarette in 1965. The cigarette used pinchable water capsules in its filter tip, emulating the waterpipe smoking mechanism of passing smoke through water. ATC used several waterpipe tobacco elements (textual and pictorial) in Waterford cigarette advertising. RJ Reynolds (RJR) executed the Camel Casbah Programme from 1998 to 2003 to target young adult smokers. It featured smoking lounges in outdoor concert amphitheatres with VIP treatment, including greeters and 'cigarette girls', to create a 'Camelesque' environment that enhanced the 'Pleasure to Burn Experience'. The programme operated in 30 US concert venues with, averaging 600 events annually, generating over two million consumer names for RJR's database. Casbah used hookah imagery and artefacts in interior décor, stories and the design of its Exotic Blend line extension ads.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ATC and RJR used cultural imagery related to waterpipe tobacco and hookah to promote cigarettes. Understanding these methods can help address contemporary tobacco product advertising practices using cultural artefacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco product flavour policies in the USA.","authors":"Travis R Whitacre, Alyssa Crippen, Mayah Monthrope, Tanisha Narine, Alex C Liber, Abigail S Friedman","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-058895","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2024-058895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Characterise US residents' exposure to restrictions on sales of flavoured electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS), cigars and menthol cigarettes across states and time, and assess correlations between these policies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2022 to 2024, we compiled flavour policy locations from advocacy groups and online searches, located corresponding legal texts and reviewed these to identify policy details, including effective dates. Using census data, we calculated the proportion of state residents covered by each policy quarterly from 2009 to 2024 and estimated correlations between them and cigarette taxes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By January 2024, menthol cigarettes, flavoured cigars and flavoured ENDS sales restrictions covered 15.0%, 18.1% and 28.1% of US residents. About 1 in 10 US residents is subject to flavoured ENDS restrictions without concurrent restrictions on flavoured cigar and menthol cigarette sales. Strong correlations between flavour policy coverage and cigarette tax rates indicate a need to adjust for exposure to a range of tobacco control policies in analyses evaluating any one of these regulations' effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While state and local adoption of restrictions on flavoured tobacco product sales has proliferated, flavour policy coverage for combustible tobacco products lags well behind that for ENDS. If this leads some people who vape flavoured ENDS to substitute towards flavoured cigars and/or menthol cigarettes, this policy combination could harm population health.</p><p><strong>Policy implications: </strong>Rapid implementation of proposed US Food and Drug Administration rules barring flavoured cigar and menthol cigarette sales is needed to ensure that regulation of more lethal, combustible tobacco products is not more lenient than restrictions on less harmful nicotine products.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How vape companies use greenwashing to bypass New Zealand's festival sponsorship bans.","authors":"Lucy Hardie, Calvin Cochran, Becky Freeman, Judith P McCool","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of oral nicotine pouches on cigarette smoking behaviour and tobacco harm exposure: a randomised pilot trial in adults.","authors":"Lisa M Fucito, Stephen R Baldassarri, Ran Wu, Ralitza Gueorguieva, Meghan E Morean, Roy S Herbst, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin, Stephanie S O'Malley","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral nicotine pouches may have potential for smoking cessation, but scientific evidence on the effects of pouches and their constituents on smoking behaviour is limited.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This study was a 4-week, open-label, randomised pilot trial of nicotine pouches in 3 mg (low) or 6 mg (high) nicotine strength.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>US outpatient research clinic with non-treatment seeking adults who smoke cigarettes (N=30).</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Participants selected two flavours and were instructed to switch to using nicotine pouches in place of cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>We compared groups on cigarettes smoked per day, pouch use and urinary levels of a tobacco-specific carcinogen (NNAL) over 4 weeks, biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at week 4, and willingness to continue pouch use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly all participants completed the trial (29/30). Participants in both groups significantly reduced their cigarettes smoked per day (log-transformed) over time (F_{3, 74.4}=3.8, p=0.01). The 6 mg group reported numerically greater, but non-significant, reductions in smoking than the 3 mg group (least-square mean difference (LSMD) at week 1=0.008; 95% CI -0.42-0.44; LSMD at week 4=0.38; 95%<i> </i>CI -0.06-0.81). The 6 mg group also reported numerically higher, but non-significant, likelihood of complete smoking abstinence (13% vs 0%) and willingness to continue pouch use (67% vs 40%). There were no differences by group or time for NNAL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results provide preliminary support for nicotine pouches for cigarette substitution. Compared with lower nicotine strength pouches, higher nicotine strength pouches may have a greater impact on smoking behaviour and adults who smoke may be more willing to use them.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT04250727.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in menthol and non-menthol cigarette consumption in the US: 2009-2024.","authors":"Cristine D Delnevo, Daniel P Giovenco, Andrea C Villanti","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-059408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2025-059408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hopeful journey: responses to efficacy labels from people using RYO tobacco in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"Lani Teddy, Ellen Ozarka, Mei-Ling Blank, Andrew Waa, Janet Hoek","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-059164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-059164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although many countries have introduced pictorial warning labels (PWLs), few use efficacy labels or inserts offering supportive cessation advice or outlining benefits of quitting. Theory and evidence suggest efficacy labels foster positive responses to the threats presented rather than elicit maladaptive responses that manage the fear aroused. We explored how people who smoke roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco responded to potential on-pack efficacy labels that could complement PWLs by promoting self-efficacy and response-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook 27 in-depth interviews with people aged 18 and over (16 female, 8 Māori, 13 aged ≤35) who smoked RYO cigarettes and lived in Aotearoa New Zealand. We probed participants' responses to efficacy labels and provided them with stimuli they could use to construct their own inspiring label. We used the Extended Parallel Process Model and hope theory to interpret the data, which we analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants strongly endorsed efficacy labels; unlike current warning labels, which they saw as didactic and judgemental, efficacy labels offered hope and agency, and helped them envisage the benefits of becoming smokefree. Creating hope valued and empowered participants, while practical advice offered helped them anticipate how they could overcome addiction and become smokefree.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>On-pack efficacy labels could complement PWLs and support people to address the threat these warnings describe. Policymakers should explore and implement interventions such as efficacy stimuli, given these appear to resonate with priority population groups and could help reduce health inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}