Tobacco Control最新文献

{"title":"Anticipated behavioural responses to potential regulatory actions to reduce nicotine in cigarettes to non-addictive levels: cross-sectional findings from the 2020 and 2022 ITC Smoking and Vaping Survey in Australia, Canada, England and the USA.","authors":"Kylie Morphett, Ara Cho, Shannon Gravely, Ron Borland, Katherine A East, Michael Cummings, Gary Chan, Tracy T Smith, Andrew Hyland, Geoffrey T Fong, Heewon Kang, Coral E Gartner","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-060036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2025-060036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding bidi industry from the lenses of bidi workforce: an exploratory study.","authors":"Paramita Bhattacharya, Pritha Das, Sajda Khatoon, Biswajit Mahapatra, Tanya Sharma, Shivam Kapoor, Marty G Otanez, Mira Aghi, Ashish Pandey, Nirmalya Mukherjee","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-059812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2025-059812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bidis (small hand-rolled cigarillos) account for 85% of smoked tobacco products in India. The bidi industry is criticised for health hazards, economic exploitation, poor social security, long hours, low wages and contractualisation. This study examines bidi industry practices in India and how these allow it to resist tobacco control measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in Murshidabad (West Bengal) and Jabalpur/Narsinghpur (Madhya Pradesh) districts, which were selected for their significant bidi roller populations. Interviews were conducted with 200 bidi rollers and 17 key stakeholders, including <i>munshis</i> (middle-men/intermediaries), community/youth club representatives and labour union leaders, with assistance from 10 'champions' (trusted community insiders). Participants provided informed consent and their confidentiality was ensured. Interview data, in Bangla and Hindi, were translated into English and then analysed thematically.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Five major themes emerged. First, bidi companies engage in image-building corporate social responsibility activities that mirror tactics used by multinational cigarette companies, creating a facade of social responsibility while exploiting workers. Second, the industry systematically violates government policies through wage discrepancies, provident fund fraud and false worker registration to evade compliance. Third, systemic inequity pervades the sector, with median wages at only 38-53% of government-mandated rates. Fourth, unjustified bidi rejections facilitate widespread illicit trade that evades taxation and government oversight. Fifth, child labour remains entrenched in West Bengal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bidi companies' current practices perpetuate labour exploitation and illicit trade. We recommend uniform national guidelines that require transparent operations and mandatory registration of all bidi rollers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legitimacy of stakeholder voices in tobacco control in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"Maria Hepi, Mathew Walton, Andrew Waa, Lani Teddy, Lindsey Te Ata Tū MacDonald, Sudesh Raj Sharma","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-059791","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2025-059791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Achieving equitable and effective tobacco control policy in Aotearoa New Zealand requires an understanding of the broader policy system in which such policies are developed. This study applied a critical systems lens, using boundary critique, to explore how certain perspectives and actors become legitimised or excluded in the tobacco policy space. In Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH), a 'boundary' refers to the practical line that determines what and who are considered inside the system, such as which goals, actors and knowledge are included and what is positioned outside it. Using this lens, we examined how legitimacy is constructed and contested within the tobacco control system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research employed CSH to guide two sets of qualitative interviews: one with Indigenous Māori participants (n=10) and another with non-Māori participants (n=14). Thematic analysis was conducted separately for each group focusing on the four domains of CSH, knowledge, motivation, legitimacy and power followed by a comparative analysis to identify areas of overlap and divergence in perspectives. This paper focuses on the legitimacy domain as findings in this area were central to participant discussions and echoed in the other domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three key legitimacy boundary issues emerged from the analysis: (1) whether tobacco control policy should prioritise a tobacco-free versus addiction-free narrative; (2) the tension between biomedical and holistic health paradigms and (3) whether individual rights or collective rights should be the foundation of policy direction. These boundary issues influenced who was seen as a legitimate actor in policy development and how policy processes were shaped.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding and navigating these boundary issues is crucial for progressing tobacco control policy that is both equitable and effective. Greater critical awareness of how perspectives are legitimised or marginalised can support more inclusive and transformative policy approaches in Aotearoa.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in hidden smoking among women in South Korea, 2008-2021: a comparison of self-reported and cotinine-verified smoking prevalence.","authors":"Jung Ah Lee, Hong-Jun Cho, Min Kyung Lim, Ichiro Kawachi","doi":"10.1136/tc-2026-060294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2026-060294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women in South Korea tend to underreport their smoking status due to negative social perceptions of smoking among women. This study aims to examine the differences between self-reported and cotinine-verified smoking prevalence among Korean men and women from 2008 through 2021 and to assess whether these differences have changed substantially over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted using nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2021. A total of 53 696 participants were included in the analysis. Smoking prevalence based on self-report and cotinine verification was compared by year, age, household income, educational attainment and marital status. All analyses were performed separately by sex, with a urinary cotinine cut-off of 50 ng/mL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The absolute differences in the prevalence of self-reported non-smoking among individuals with cotinine-verified smoking decreased from 5.41% in men and 8% in women in 2008 to 1.83% in men and 2.44% in women in 2021. The relative differences also declined, from 11.99% to 8.35% in men and from 57.38% to 36.42% in women. Among women, the decrease was particularly pronounced in those aged 19-39 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that underreporting among women who smoke in South Korea has markedly decreased. However, approximately one-third of women who smoke continue to underreport their smoking status. Appropriate approaches are necessary for populations that tend to underreport their smoking status.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of e-cigarette nicotine concentrations used by US adults and youth.","authors":"Hongying Daisy Dai, Paula R Guastello","doi":"10.1136/tc-2026-060393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2026-060393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Nicotine concentration is a key characteristic of modern e-cigarette products. This study aims to illuminate age-related differences and temporal trends in nicotine concentrations to help inform strategies to reduce nicotine-related public health risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Wave 5 (December 2018-November 2019), Wave 6 (March-November 2021) and Wave 7 (January 2022-April 2023) and analysed in 2026. χ² tests and multivariable regressions were used to compare nicotine levels used in e-cigarettes (ie, unknown, 0%, 0.1-1.7%, 1.8-4.9%, 5.0%+) by age groups at Wave 7 and examine trends in nicotine concentrations for adults (18+) across Waves 5-7.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among individuals currently using e-cigarettes at Wave 7 (n=3782), about 60.1% of those aged 12-14 and 51.2% of those aged 15-17 reported not knowing nicotine concentrations, and young adults aged 18-24 were the most likely to report using 5.0%+ (38.7% prevalence vs 24.4% of those aged 25-34, 14.6% of 35-54 and 4.3% of 55+). The proportion of adults responding 'I don't know' increased from 15.8% at Wave 5 to 23.8% at Wave 7, especially among those aged 18-24 (13.9-26.0) and 25-34 (13.9-23.6%). The proportion of adults reporting 5.0%+ increased from 13.9% to 24.4%(p<0.0001), and those reporting 0.1-1.7% decreased from 49.2% to 35.4% (p<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Over half of youth using e-cigarettes were unaware of the nicotine concentration. High-concentration products have become increasingly prevalent, especially among young adults. Clearer nicotine concentration labelling on e-cigarette products and continued surveillance of nicotine levels are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferences on cigarette plain packaging among adults who smoke and adults who do not smoke: a discrete choice experiment in Chile.","authors":"Daniel Araya-Ríos, Guillermo Paraje, Thomas O Hancock, Emmanouil Mentzakis","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-059867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2025-059867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chile has one of the highest smoking prevalence rates in the Americas, particularly among women, yet plain packaging legislation has been repeatedly blocked in Parliament over the past decade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted with 1029 participants (731 adults who smoke and 298 who do not). Each choice set presented three packages varying in price, packaging design (branded or plain), stick design (branded or with warnings) and origin (licit or illicit), plus an opt-out option. A latent class model was used to identify distinct preference groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among adults who smoke, two classes were identified. Class I (40% membership) was price-sensitive for both licit and illicit packages and preferred plain over branded packaging and sticks with health warnings over branded sticks. Class II (60%) was not significantly price-sensitive, preferred branded packaging and branded sticks and showed a negative preference for illicit packages over not smoking. Among adults who do not smoke, two classes were also identified: one preferring branded packaging and sticks, and the other showing no significant preference for design attributes. Combining a 50% price increase with plain packaging and warning sticks reduced predicted package uptake among adults who smoke by 7.7 percentage points (-12.0 for licit and +4.2 for illicit).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrates that a combination of price-based and packaging-focused policies is crucial for effective tobacco control. Because distinct consumer groups respond differently to interventions, implementing both price increases and design-based warnings is necessary to achieve a broader reduction in tobacco consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"British American Tobacco's continued involvement in illicit tobacco trade.","authors":"Benoît Gomis, Allen Gallagher, Andrew Rowell, Anna Gilmore","doi":"10.1136/tc-2024-058843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2024-058843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Internal documents released in the 1990s and 2000s demonstrated that illicit tobacco trade (ITT) was central to transnational tobacco companies' (TTCs) business strategies between the 1960 and 1990s. TTC products have continued to make up the majority of global ITT since then. This paper uses a set of internal British American Tobacco (BAT) documents to examine the company's involvement in ITT from 2000 to 2014.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Keyword searches on a dataset of approximately 15 000 BAT documents dating from 2000 to 2014, primarily focusing on East and Central Africa and the Middle East, identified 210 relevant documents which were analysed thematically, drawing on a hermeneutic approach to company document analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Documents suggest BAT remained involved in ITT in parts of Africa and the Middle East throughout 2000-2014, appearing to rely on some of the same strategies for which TTCs were subject to legal action in the 1990s, including continuing to work with distributors linked to smuggling and supplying products to poorly regulated areas, leading to further smuggling. In addition, despite entering into partnerships with authorities to curb smuggling, documents indicate BAT concealed illicit activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Governments in the affected regions should consider if legal action is necessary, and the UK (where BAT is headquartered) government should reopen investigations into BAT's conduct. Our findings demonstrate that greater transparency in the tobacco supply chain is needed, including via independent data and research, track and trace systems, electronic cargo tracking and audits. All governments should refrain from partnering with TTCs to control illicit trade.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal transitions in tobacco product use and postpartum relapse in Japan: a nationwide web-based study.","authors":"Kyosuke Kamijo, Sumiyo Okawa, Yoshihiko Hosokawa, Takahiro Tabuchi","doi":"10.1136/tc-2026-060234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2026-060234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Japan leads the global market for heated tobacco products (HTPs); however, whether prepregnancy tobacco product type influences cessation during pregnancy and postpartum relapse remains unknown. We examined tobacco use patterns from before pregnancy to postpartum and assessed whether prepregnancy product type affects cessation during pregnancy or relapse postpartum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis used pooled data from the 2021-2022 Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS), assessing postpartum women at least 3 months after delivery (median 10.3 months postpartum). Of the 5985 participants, 532 (8.9%) used cigarettes and/or HTPs before pregnancy, categorised as cigarette only, HTPs only or dual use. Transitions across prepregnancy, pregnancy and postpartum were assessed, and multivariable logistic regression examined factors associated with failure to quit during pregnancy and with postpartum relapse.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 532 women who used cigarettes and/or HTPs before pregnancy, 437 (82.1%) quit during pregnancy. At postpartum follow-up, 315 women (59.2%) reported no tobacco use, 83 (15.6%) reported cigarette-only use, 111 (20.9%) reported HTP-only use and 23 (4.3%) engaged in dual use; 144 of 437 (33.0%) women who ceased use during pregnancy relapsed postpartum. Prepregnancy product type was not significantly associated with failure to quit during pregnancy. However, among those who quit during pregnancy, prepregnancy HTP-only use was associated with higher odds of postpartum relapse than cigarette-only use (adjusted OR: 2.00; 95% CI 1.17 to 3.44).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most women stopped tobacco use during pregnancy yet one-third relapsed postpartum. Prepregnancy HTP-only use was associated with postpartum relapse, underscoring the need for targeted perinatal prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring illicit cigarette purchases in Bolivia: evidence from an intercept survey.","authors":"Joaquín Morales, Javier Ignacio Finot, Sofia Arteaga, Mauricio Chumacero, Mateo Vargas, Luca Pruzzo, Guillermo Paraje","doi":"10.1136/tc-2026-060345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2026-060345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bolivia has one of the lowest tobacco tax rates in the Americas and shares a long border with Paraguay, a documented regional source of illicit cigarettes. The most recent estimate of illicit trade in Bolivia dates to 2002 and relied on industry-reported sales data. We provide the first independent, direct estimate of illicit cigarette penetration in the country.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 2366 adults who smoke in Bolivia's three largest metropolitan areas (La Paz/El Alto, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz) between July and August 2024. Cigarette packs were photographed and classified as illicit based on the absence of a Bolivian tax registration number, non-compliant health warnings or missing customs stamps for imported brands. Loose-cigarette purchases were classified using brand authorisation status and price-outlier rules. A probit model examined correlates of illicit purchase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An estimated 38.1% of cigarette consumption in these cities is illicit, dominated by a single industrial-scale Paraguayan brand accounting for 85% of illicit sales. Penetration varies sharply by metropolitan area: 54.4% in Santa Cruz, 10.4% in La Paz/El Alto and 14.6% in Cochabamba. Because tax and tobacco-control policies are set nationally, these disparities cannot be explained by tax differentials and are more consistent with proximity to the Paraguayan border and local enforcement gaps.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The industry argument that higher tobacco taxes would drive illicit trade in Bolivia is not supported. Policy efforts should focus on the industrial-scale supply of illicit cigarettes through non-price policies related to enforcement (track and trace, licensing, etc) and regional enforcement cooperation, rather than on delaying domestic tax reform.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why are branded cigarettes in streaming media? A case study of Netflix's <i>Stranger Things</i>.","authors":"Peter Kovacs, Ruth E Malone, Pamela M Ling","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-059910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2025-059910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the 1998 ban on paid product placement by the tobacco industry, branded tobacco products continue to appear in media.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the popular streaming series <i>Stranger Things</i> as a case study, this paper identifies potential motivations of content producers for including branded cigarettes in their work by analysing how the products function in the series.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These include enhancing verisimilitude, character development and serving as action props to anchor and advance a narrative.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Since the use of branded tobacco products appears to be firmly entrenched in Hollywood as a storytelling device, policymakers should consider mitigating the negative effects of repeated tobacco depictions on young people by requiring advisory warnings and or promotion of cessation resources before and after movies or series episodes that depict tobacco use. In addition, raising critical public awareness of the issue may encourage content creators to reconsider the necessity of tobacco depictions and explore more creative alternative narrative-advancing devices rather than reifying smoking behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}