Tobacco Control最新文献

{"title":"Dual use of tobacco and khat in eastern Ethiopia: a qualitative study.","authors":"Shiferaw Letta, Maleda Tefera, Tara Wilfong, Jennifer H LeLaurin, Rahma S Mkuu, Magda Montague, Dima Bteddini, Abebe Tolera, Damen Haile Mariam, Rima Nakkash, Mustafa al'Absi, Ramzi G Salloum","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-059800","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2025-059800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tobacco-khat co-use is common in Ethiopia, where khat is cultivated. However, information is limited regarding tobacco-khat co-use among adults in the study setting.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>(1) Explore behavioural patterns of tobacco-khat co-use and (2) investigate the factors associated with tobacco-khat co-use in Haramaya district, and Maya City, eastern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted eight focus groups (FGs) with adult males (n=36, four FGs) and females who use tobacco (n=18, two FGs), and community leaders (n=17, two FGs). Participants were purposively recruited. The interview guide addressed tobacco-khat co-use behaviours and related factors. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The male participants had a mean age of 37.7 (SD±12.4), while the females had a mean age of 44.9 (SD±15.5) years. Males initiated tobacco and khat use at a younger average age compared with females. All participants acknowledged the widespread co-use of tobacco-khat in the region. Two key themes emerged: (1) Tobacco use is tied to khat consumption, reflecting distinct behavioural patterns of co-use. (2) Multiple drivers of co-use included deeply rooted social and cultural practices, progression from habitual use to dependence and accessibility and affordability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that male participants begin tobacco and khat use at an earlier age, driven by sociocultural norms and gendered expectations. This co-use is sustained by multiple reinforcing drivers: perceived synergistic stimulation between khat and tobacco, deeply rooted social and cultural practices, progression from habitual use to dependence and accessibility and affordability, which perpetuate the behaviour. Thus, effective cessation programmes must address co-use and be adapted to sociocultural realities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148303246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco-flavoured? Presence of descriptors and additives on Chinese e-cigarette packaging after a flavour ban.","authors":"Qinghua Nian, Katherine Clegg Smith, Kevin Welding, Jennifer L Brown, Wentai Luo, Shuai Zhang, Pinpin Zheng, Xinao Luo, Joanna E Cohen","doi":"10.1136/tc-2026-060095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2026-060095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Flavoured e-cigarettes are attractive to youth, and flavour descriptors on packaging can increase product appeal and reduce perceived risk. In October 2022, China banned non-tobacco-flavoured e-cigarettes and published a list of 101 permitted additives. We examined e-cigarette packs for the prevalence of flavour descriptors and additives approximately 6 months after the ban implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a systematic protocol, we purchased 143 unique e-cigarette packs from six major Chinese cities in April-May 2023. Trained, native Chinese speakers coded flavour descriptors on packs (tobacco, non-tobacco, concept or none). Additive presence was determined from ingredient lists on the packs. Permitted additives were reviewed for flavouring properties. Prevalence of flavour descriptors and additives by flavour category was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 143 packs, 84 were manufactured after full enforcement of the flavour ban and included an ingredient list. Of these, 19% displayed tobacco descriptors, 48% concept descriptors and 33% both concept and tobacco descriptors. Forty-two per cent listed at least one permitted additive capable of imparting non-tobacco flavour (tobacco: 44%; concept: 30%; tobacco-plus-concept: 57%). Ethyl maltol (12%) and coffee extract (11%) were the most common additives, appearing in package ingredient lists in about one-third of tobacco-flavoured (31%) and tobacco-plus-concept descriptor (32%) packs. No packs featured a non-tobacco characterising flavour descriptor or listed any unpermitted additives.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concept descriptors and flavouring additives are commonly listed on Chinese tobacco-flavoured e-cigarette packs, sustaining product appeal and undermining the flavour ban. Stricter regulations, such as a ban on concept descriptors, tighter additive restrictions and strengthened enforcement, could better protect public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring policy compliance and marketing practices on Geek Bar's official Instagram account: content analysis.","authors":"Scott I Donaldson, Amanda DeJesus, Emily Wang, Geyi Wang, Ollie Ganz, Julia Chen-Sankey, Jon-Patrick Allem","doi":"10.1136/tc-2026-060174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2026-060174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"California's prohibition of flavoured tobacco sales and the tobacco industry's attempts to evade it.","authors":"Lauren Kass Lempert, Stella A Bialous, Pamela M Ling","doi":"10.1136/tc-2026-060144","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2026-060144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tobacco industry has aggressively marketed menthol tobacco products because they are less harsh and more appealing to youth and other non-users. US law prohibits most flavours in tobacco products but exempts menthol from the ban. In 2020, California enacted a state law prohibiting retail sales of most flavoured tobacco products with 'characterising flavours', including menthol. Major tobacco companies vigorously opposed the law and sought its repeal. Despite spending millions of dollars to try to influence the legislature, ballot box and courts, the tobacco industry sought to evade the law by introducing so-called 'non-menthol' cigarettes. We describe those industry efforts and California's responses: California law was amended to redefine illegal flavoured products to include those that create a 'cooling sensation' to consumers and established an unflavoured tobacco list making it illegal for retailers to sell flavoured products not on the list. The California experience described in our paper provides a case study demonstrating some best practices that can be replicated by other US states and localities and other countries consistent with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PMI's 2025 results for cigarette shipments debunk 'smoke-free world' rhetoric.","authors":"Richard Edwards, Janet Hoek","doi":"10.1136/tc-2026-060205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2026-060205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do short-term responses to health warnings about product manipulations predict subsequent quitting-related behaviours? Findings from an Australian cohort study.","authors":"Emily Brennan, Claudia Gascoyne, Kimberley Dunstone, James Thrasher, Janet Hoek, Melanie A Wakefield, Sarah J Durkin","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-059907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2025-059907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pictorial health warnings on tobacco packs stimulate short-term cognitive and emotional responses that can lead to quit attempts. We tested novel product attribute health warnings (PAHWs) that corrected misperceptions about product harmfulness. PAHWs uniquely influenced outcomes assessing knowledge of industry manipulation of cigarettes, industry-centric negative emotional responses and product-specific smoking dissonance. We aimed to examine if these unique short-term responses predicted subsequent quitting-related behaviours.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analysed follow-up data from a between-subjects online experiment during which participants were randomised to view PAHWs alone (PAHW condition) or with a complementary video (PAHW+Video) during a baseline session and daily for 7 days. In the present study, covariate-adjusted logistic regression models examined associations between short-term responses to the PAHWs measured at 8-day follow-up (predictors) and subsequent quitting-related behaviours measured at 4-week follow-up (outcomes).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with valid data for the 8-day and 4-week follow-up surveys were analysed (N=301). Two short-term responses to the PAHWs-knowledge of industry manipulation of cigarettes and product-specific smoking dissonance-significantly and positively predicted all three quitting-related outcomes: smoke-limiting microbehaviours (eg, foregoing cigarettes), quit attempts and 7-day sustained abstinence. Industry-centric negative emotional responses positively predicted smoke-limiting microbehaviours and 7-day sustained abstinence but not quit attempts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-term responses elicited by PAHWs featuring corrective information about the tobacco industry's manipulation of tobacco products predicted subsequent engagement in smoke-limiting microbehaviours, quit attempts and sustained quit attempts. PAHWs can complement other health warnings featuring the health risks of smoking and may help motivate people who smoke to quit and stay quit.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projected impact of bidi tax reform on health and economic outcomes in India: a modelling study.","authors":"Amit Summan, Divija Samria, Rijo M John, Ambika Lall, Seshadri Dutta, Ramanan Laxminarayan","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-059667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2025-059667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bidis are the most commonly used smoked tobacco product in India. Despite their significant health burden, bidi taxation remains low and there are tax exemptions for small producers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a multistate life table model to project the 50-year impact of bidi tax reform under two scenarios: 10% and 30% tax-induced price increases combined with removal of small-producer exemptions. Outcomes included years of life gained (YLG), changes in direct health expenditures, indirect morbidity costs, economic output from averted premature mortality, consumer spending and tax revenues. Total economic effects were defined as reductions in direct health expenditures and indirect morbidity costs plus gains in economic output. Long-run monetary outcomes were discounted at 3%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 10% price increase yields 21.78 million YLG (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 13.25 to 32.42 million) and Indian rupees (INR) 560.1 billion (0.25% of total health expenditure (THE)) in discounted health savings over 50 years; a 30% increase yields 47.95 million YLG (95% UI 29.17 to 71.37 million) and INR 1232.3 billion (0.54% of THE). Total economic effects reach INR 2530.8 billion (1.12% of THE) and INR 5557.7 billion (2.45% of THE) under the 10% and 30% scenarios, respectively. Discounted tax revenues increase by INR 519.9 billion and INR 1390.0 billion. Absolute gains are largest in Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, while Uttarakhand, Haryana and Tripura show the highest per capita and proportional benefits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Strengthening bidi taxation and removing exemptions would substantially reduce smoking, improve health and generate significant long-term economic and fiscal gains.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148266020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preflavour and postflavour ban oral nicotine pouches: a chemical, sensory and young adult appeal analysis.","authors":"Natalia Peraza, Ravindra Singh Thakur, Sairam V Jabba, Jacob Aguilera Aguilera, Paul W Martines, Marielle C Brinkman, Sven Eric Jordt, Ahmad El-Hellani, John Monterosso, Alayna P Tackett","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-059940","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2025-059940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The tobacco industry exploits legislative loopholes by introducing products with novel constituents, sensory features and/or branding to bypass flavour restrictions and maintain appeal, particularly among young populations. Post California's 2022 flavour ban, the leading oral nicotine pouch (ONP) brand (ZYN) started marketing two new 'unflavoured' products, Classic and Original, but it is unknown if they differed from preban products marketed as 'flavour-ban approved' (Chill and Smooth) in their chemical composition, sensory characteristics and human appeal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nicotine, menthol and synthetic coolants, WS-3 and WS-23, were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Menthol receptors (TRPM8 and TRPA1) activity was measured by calcium-microfluorimetry to assess cooling- and irritation-potential. ONP sensory attributes and appeal were assessed in young adults (21-25 year old) after 5 min standardised use in a double-blind, randomised remote trial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>'Chill' and 'Classic' ONPs contained WS-3 exclusively (0.24±0.02 mg/pouch), with consistent levels across nicotine strengths; 'Smooth' and 'Original' contained neither menthol nor WS-3. Extracts of 'Chill' and 'Classic' robustly activated the cold/menthol TRPM8-receptor with similar potency and efficacy while weakly activating the sensory irritant TRPA1 receptor. Compared with 'Smooth', human participants rated 'Chill' and 'Classic' as having stronger cooling sensations (p<0.05), while 'Classic' was rated as more minty flavoured (p<0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Preban and postban ONPs showed similar chemical, sensory and appeal profiles based on WS-3 presence. By using concept names and sensory cues to disguise flavours and additives, the industry exploits regulatory loopholes to sustain marketing of banned products.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT06506162.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148266082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using standalone pharmacies to reduce tobacco retailer availability: neighbourhood associations and two competing policy options in four US states.","authors":"Efosa V E Baker-Iyore, Peter F Craigmile, Megan E Roberts, Grace Kong, Rachel Carmen Ceasar, Meghan Elizabeth Morean, Ryan J Martin, Vitoria Borges Spinola, Joseph G L Lee","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-059969","DOIUrl":"10.1136/tc-2025-059969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examines how two competing policy approaches, tobacco-free pharmacies and pharmacy-only tobacco sales, could impact the number of tobacco retailers, retailer availability and neighbourhood disparities in the US.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compiled a list of tobacco retailers in 2023 and coded for primary store type in four US states: California, Connecticut, North Carolina and Ohio. We calculated the reduction in tobacco retailer availability defined as the number of tobacco retailers per 1000 people for each hypothetical policy. We used models fitted for count data and addressed overdispersion and possible spatial dependence to assess associations between the availability of pharmacies in census tracts and neighbourhood characteristics (rurality, age, poverty, race/ethnicity and vacant housing).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The hypothetical tobacco-free pharmacy policy showed a much smaller reduction in the number of tobacco retailers (California: 3.9%, Connecticut: 3.1%, North Carolina: 3.0% and Ohio: 4.7%) than a hypothetical pharmacy-only tobacco sales policy (California: 96.1%, Connecticut: 96.9%, North Carolina: 97.0% and Ohio: 95.3%). Regarding the potential impact of each policy on neighbourhood disparities, tobacco-free pharmacies would leave neighbourhood disparities largely unchanged or make them worse in some instances. Pharmacy-only tobacco sales policies would disproportionately locate the few remaining tobacco retailers in neighbourhoods with a greater percentage of people living under the poverty line.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Competing pharmacy-based policies about tobacco sales could impact tobacco retailer availability in the US and have different implications for neighbourhood disparities in tobacco retailer availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australia's unique vaping reforms: first results from a repeated cross-sectional study in South Australia.","authors":"Joanne Dono, Kerry Ettridge, Samuel Ziesing, Caroline Louise Miller","doi":"10.1136/tc-2025-060005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2025-060005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>E-cigarettes pose health risks and no established benefits to people who have never used tobacco. Australia introduced legislation in 2021, which was strengthened in 2024, to limit e-cigarette sales to pharmacists among other restrictions. This study explored the impact of these reforms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Weighted data from serial cross-sectional annual population-representative surveys (Health Omnibus Survey (2014-2017) and Population Health Survey Module System (2018-2024)) of South Australians aged 15 years and older (n=32 737) were used to assess e-cigarette use and cessation attempts overall by tobacco use status and demographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of current e-cigarette use was steady between 2014 (1.2%, 95% CI 0.7% to 1.8%) and 2020 (2.6%, 95% CI 1.7% to 3.5%), then doubled to 6.1% in 2023 (95% CI 4.6% to 7.7%) before declining in 2024 to 4.2% (95% CI 3.4% to 5.1%). Changes were most pronounced among those aged 15-29 years, where the prevalence of e-cigarette use <i>and</i> having never used tobacco rose 12-fold from 1.4% (95% CI 0 to 3.3%) in 2020 to 17.0% (95% CI 8.8% to 25.3%) in 2023, before declining to 5.5% (95% CI 3.3% to 7.7%) in 2024. Half of participants using e-cigarettes (49.3%) had ever attempted to quit vaping, though unprompted awareness of doctors or pharmacists as available sources of support was low (2.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early results indicate that Australia's strengthened vaping reforms correspond with reductions in e-cigarette prevalence in South Australia, driven mainly by declines among youth who have never used tobacco. Continued monitoring is needed to consolidate evidence of this public health gain alongside improved awareness of cessation support services.</p>","PeriodicalId":23145,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}