Theros T. Ng , Andrea J. Fascetti , Jennifer A. Larsen
{"title":"Reproduction of Domestic Cats in Laboratories, Catteries, and Feral Colonies: A Review","authors":"Theros T. Ng , Andrea J. Fascetti , Jennifer A. Larsen","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cat reproduction is important for research and commercial cat breeding operations, as well as the control of feral cat populations. This review describes studies examining reproductive performance in laboratory cats, privately-owned breeding cats, and feral cats, including sexual maturity, the estrous cycle (timing, behavior, and hormonal changes), seasonal effects, gestation length, parturition (litter size, litter weight, and parity effects), mortality, and stillbirth. Because the studies highlighted in this review vary in the location where they were conducted and the region's management practices, these factors should be considered depending on the goal of the reader when interpreting these data. Furthermore, standard practices were lacking in some earlier studies of cat reproduction, so they should be considered for historical context only and may not reflect the actual reproductive potential of cats as described in the new studies due to advancements in husbandry practices and nutrition. The objective of this manuscript is to review scientific studies examining reproductive performance in laboratory cats, privately-owned breeding cats, and feral cats. The data sources for this manuscript included original research publications and scientific reviews from the veterinary literature. All reviews or studies that augmented the knowledge of the reproduction of domestic cats in laboratories, catteries, and feral colonies were included. Most studies on laboratory cats have been conducted under the conditions of controlled light cycles, temperature, and diet. The environmental effects on reproductive behavior are subtler than those in feral cat studies, but the effects are still distinguishable. Cat breeding studies focus on genetic effects and rely heavily on surveys or questionnaires from cat breeders. However, the reliability of these data can be variable, in part because the methodology of record-keeping and other protocols are generally not reported. In addition, laboratory animal management standards, specific pathogen-free cat colonies, and nutritional requirements for cats were not fully established until the 1970s. Reproductive outcomes of earlier studies may not be a true representation of the modern cat due to more advanced, regulated husbandry practices, including improvements in nutrition, resulting in diets formulated to meet feline requirements for every life stage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10195226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew R. Cochran , Erin E. Runcan , Christopher Premanandan , Gail McRae , Marco A. Coutinho da Silva
{"title":"Factors Affecting Pregnancy Success in the Bitch Following Transcervical Insemination","authors":"Matthew R. Cochran , Erin E. Runcan , Christopher Premanandan , Gail McRae , Marco A. Coutinho da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endoscopic-assisted transcervical inseminations (TCIs) have become increasingly popular. The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate data from the TCIs performed at our facility. We evaluated data from January 2018 through December 2021. This included 137 cases with fresh, 67 cases chilled, and 63 cases using frozen-thawed semen. All bitches underwent breeding management to determine the ideal breeding period. All semen samples were evaluated for total number of sperm, total motility, and progressive motility. Pregnancy was determined by B-mode ultrasonography about 4 weeks after the breeding. Litter size was determined by radiographs performed around the last week of gestation. The pregnancy rate was 83.21% for fresh, 67.16% for chilled, and 66.67% for frozen-thawed semen. There was a significant difference in litter size between fresh semen (6.82 puppies per litter) and both chilled (5.21 puppies per litter) and frozen-thawed (4.59 puppies per litter) semen (<em>P</em> < .05). There was no significant difference in litter size between chilled and frozen-thawed semen. There was no difference in pregnancy rates between clinicians performing the inseminations. Pregnancy rate was not different when sedation was used for the insemination (66.67%) compared to when sedation was not used (74.84%; <em>P</em> > .05). Performing 2 TCIs during the fertile period, regardless of the semen type, resulted in an increase of 6.6% in pregnancy rate (<em>P</em> > .05) and an increase of 0.7 puppies per litter, on average (<em>P</em> > .05). These results can be used to help guide recommendations for breeding clients on the best options to increase both pregnancy rate and litter size for their breeding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10195731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando F. Argenta , Mônica Slaviero , Lauren S. de Mello , Joanna V.Z. Echenique , Alexia A. Zorzan , Fernanda G. Cony , Marcele B. Bandinelli , Márcio B. de Castro , Saulo P. Pavarini , David Driemeier , Luciana Sonne
{"title":"Pathological Aspects and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Troponin C in the Cardiovascular System of Dogs With Pheochromocytoma","authors":"Fernando F. Argenta , Mônica Slaviero , Lauren S. de Mello , Joanna V.Z. Echenique , Alexia A. Zorzan , Fernanda G. Cony , Marcele B. Bandinelli , Márcio B. de Castro , Saulo P. Pavarini , David Driemeier , Luciana Sonne","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Functional pheochromocytomas secrete catecholamines and have been associated with cardiovascular lesions in dogs. This study aimed to describe the postmortem pathological findings in the cardiovascular system of dogs with pheochromocytoma and to evaluate the expression of cardiac troponin C in these dogs using immunohistochemical analysis. Twelve cases were identified, with a mean age of 10.6 years. The heart of all dogs was enlarged and with concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium. Histological analysis showed cardiomyocyte necrosis and degeneration in the myocardium, with frequent bands of contraction, fibrosis, inflammation, and thickening of the medium-caliber arteries in the myocardium. There was a marked decrease or absence of immunolabeling in necrotic cardiomyocytes. We conclude that IHC for troponin C can be a useful tool for detecting myocardial necrosis in dogs with pheochromocytomas, including early cases of necrosis with only incipient cardiac changes where overt histologic abnormalities are not immediately apparent in the cardiomyocytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100777"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9647388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scott P. Blake, Vicky A. Melfi, Gillian F. Tabor, Alison P. Wills
{"title":"Injury Risk Factors Associated With Training and Competition in Flyball Dogs","authors":"Scott P. Blake, Vicky A. Melfi, Gillian F. Tabor, Alison P. Wills","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flyball is a fast-paced, high-energy canine sport which has received negative press regarding the potential for injury, and possible welfare implications for canine competitors. Whilst frequency of injury within the sport has been investigated, evidence gaps remain regarding cause. The aim of this study was therefore to identify risk factors for injury within the sport, with a view to improving competitor safety. An online questionnaire was used to obtain data on dogs that had competed in flyball in the last 5 years but remained injury free, and a second questionnaire obtained data on dogs that had also competed within the last 5 years but sustained an injury. Data relating to conformation and performance was collected for 581 dogs, with the same data plus information relating to injury collected from an additional 75 injured dogs. Data were then compared using univariable, multivariable and multinomial logistic regression.</p><p>Dogs completing a flyball course in less than 4 seconds had the highest level of injury risk (<em>P</em> = .029), which reduced as time taken increased. There was an association between risk of injury and increasing age, with dogs over 10 years old most likely to be injured during their career in the sport (<em>P</em> = .004). Furthermore, dogs using an angle of flyball box of between 45° and 55° had a greater risk of injury, while using an angle between 66° and 75° reduced the risk of injury by 67.2% (OR: 0.328). Use of carpal bandaging was significantly associated with carpal injuries (<em>P</em> = .042). These findings identify new risk factors for injury within flyball which can be used to improve welfare and safety for competitors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9585267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander M. Piazza , Jonathan F. McAnulty , Peter Early , Julien Guevar
{"title":"Craniectomies for Dogs With Skull Multilobular Osteochondrosarcoma Using the Misonix Bone Scalpel: Cadaveric Evaluation and Retrospective Case Series","authors":"Alexander M. Piazza , Jonathan F. McAnulty , Peter Early , Julien Guevar","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To evaluate the Misonix bone scalpel (MBS) for craniotomies in dogs and describe clinical findings and surgical experience in 3 dogs with large multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO) of the skull. Cadaver evaluation and retrospective case series. One canine cadaver; 3 client-owned dogs. Craniotomies of different sizes and at different locations were performed with MBS. Dural tear and bone discoloration were recorded. Clinical, imaging, and surgical findings of dogs diagnosed with MLO and where MBS was used for craniectomies were retrospectively included. Cadaveric evaluation identified MBS as an efficient tool for rapid craniectomies (>5minutes) albeit dural tears and some small foci of bone discoloration were observed. Craniectomies could be performed without complications in 3 dogs with MLO without dural tear or bone discoloration. .Excision was in complete in all cases. The short-term outcome was good, and the long-term outcome was fair to good. Piezoelectric bone surgery with the Misonix bone scalpel is an alternative technology to perform craniectomies in dogs. It was not associated with complications in 3 dogs diagnosed and surgically treated for MLO. Dural tears and suspected bone necrosis can occur. Great care should be taken when using CT to establish disease free surgical osteotomy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9585253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Intravenous Pimobendan on Cardiovascular Parameters in Healthy Sedated Cats","authors":"Keisuke Sugimoto, Yohei Mochizuki, Natsuki Akashi, Teppei Kanda, Fumio Hoshi","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of intravenous pimobendan on cardiovascular function and to determine the appropriate dose for clinical usage in cats. Six purpose-bred cats received one of the following treatments: intravenous pimobendan at a single dose of 0.075 mg/kg (low dose [LD] group), 0.15 mg/kg (middle dose [MD] group), 0.3 mg/kg (high dose [HD] group), or saline at 0.1 mL/kg (placebo group). Echocardiography and blood pressure measurements were performed before and 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minute after drug administration for each treatment. In the MD and HD groups, the fractional shortening, peak systolic velocity, cardiac output, and heart rate increased significantly. There were no significant differences in blood pressure among the groups. Intravenous pimobendan at 0.15-0.3 mg/kg increased the fractional shortening, peak systolic velocity, cardiac output in healthy cats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9591491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taesik Yun, Mingyun Son, Yoonhoi Koo, Yeon Chae, Dohee Lee, Hakhyun Kim, Mhan-Pyo Yang, Byeong-Teck Kang
{"title":"Erratum to <Successful Treatment With Prednisolone and Mycophenolate Mofetil in a Dog With Recurrent Erythema Multiforme Minor> Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 52C (2022)100755","authors":"Taesik Yun, Mingyun Son, Yoonhoi Koo, Yeon Chae, Dohee Lee, Hakhyun Kim, Mhan-Pyo Yang, Byeong-Teck Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100761","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9588743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Conscious Minimally Invasive Approach to the Removal of a Trichofolliculoma in an American Guinea Pig: A Case Study","authors":"Rachael Loek , David Gardiner , Carine Laporte","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trichofolliculomas are the most common nonmalignant cutaneous tumors in guinea pigs. While the treatment of choice is surgical excision, complications may occur with general anesthesia and postoperative healing and discomfort after large tissue resection. We describe a case of a trichofolliculoma treated with a conscious, minimally invasive surgical procedure utilizing injectable lidocaine as local anesthetic, with no complications and excellent cosmetic results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9965612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo I.R. Franco , Jonathas X. Pereira , Hugo H. Ferreira , Liliana B. de Menezes , Marina P. Miguel
{"title":"Low-Grade Mammary Gland Tumors in Dogs Have Greater VEGF-A and BMP2 Immunostaining and Higher CD31 Blood Vessel Density","authors":"Pablo I.R. Franco , Jonathas X. Pereira , Hugo H. Ferreira , Liliana B. de Menezes , Marina P. Miguel","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tumor angiogenesis is an important process in tumor growth, and different molecules are involved in its regulation including VEGF-A, BMP2, and CD31, which can be considered possible prognostic markers. The aim of this study was to verify whether the VEGF-A and BMP2 immunostaining area, and microvascular density (MVD) might be associated with the degree of malignancy in malignant mammary neoplasms of dogs. For this purpose, samples of mammary malignancies from female dogs embedded in wax were used and separated into 4 main histomorphological types: tubulopapillary carcinomas, solid, complex, and carcinosarcoma, which were separated based on high and low degrees of malignancy. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tissue microarray blocks using anti-CD31 antibodies for evaluation of MVD and vascular lumen area, and with anti-VEGF-A and anti-BMP2 to determine the immunostaining area using the DAKO EnVision FLEX+ kit. MVD and vascular lumen area were higher in tubulopapillary carcinomas as were the areas stained by VEGF-A and BMP2. Immunostaining for CD31 was higher in low-grade carcinomas as well as in areas immunostained by VEGF-A and BMP2. There was a positive correlation between VEGF and BMP2 in high (<em>r</em> = 0.556, <em>P</em> < .0001) and low-grade (<em>r</em> = 0.287, <em>P</em> < .0001) carcinomas and between MVD and VEGF-A in low-grade carcinomas (<em>r</em> = 0.267, <em>P</em> = .0064). Thus, the markers evaluated showed greater immunostaining in canine mammary tumors with a lower degree of malignancy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100778"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9585256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}