Topics in companion animal medicine最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and Clinicopathologic Discriminators Between Canine Acute Monocytic Ehrlichiosis and Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia","authors":"Vasilios Christodoulou ,&nbsp;Eleftherios Meletis ,&nbsp;Polychronis Kostoulas ,&nbsp;Konstantina Theodorou ,&nbsp;Emmanouil N. Saridomichelakis ,&nbsp;Christos Koutinas ,&nbsp;Mathios E. Mylonakis","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis due to <em>Ehrlichia canis</em> (aCME), and primary immune thrombocytopenia (pITP) are major differentials for dogs presented with thrombocytopenia, and the two diseases may clinically overlap. The aim of this study was to compare dogs diagnosed with naturally occurring aCME and pITP, to establish potentially useful clinical and clinicopathologic discriminators. A clinical record-based retrospective study was performed in 35 dogs diagnosed with aCME and 29 dogs with pITP. Dogs with aCME were significantly younger, and were more likely to experience depression or lethargy, anorexia, body weight loss, fever, lymphadenomegaly, tick infestation, and ocular discharge on admission, compared to dogs with pITP. In contrast, dogs with pITP presented more frequently with overt bleeding and had a significantly higher bleeding score compared to dogs with aCME. Dogs with aCME were more likely to be anemic and hypoalbuminemic on presentation compared to dogs with pITP. Dogs with pITP had higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts as well as lower platelet counts than dogs with aCME and were more likely to present with leukocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis. These clinical, hematological, and biochemical findings may be helpful discriminators between aCME and pITP, on the understanding that they will be interpreted in the context of disease-specific testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10706451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Pathological Findings in Fatal Cases of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome With High Viremia in Cats","authors":"Aya Matsuu ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Hatai ,&nbsp;Tatsuro Hifumi ,&nbsp;Emu Hamakubo ,&nbsp;Maho Take ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Tanaka ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Momoi ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Endo ,&nbsp;Ai Koyoshi ,&nbsp;Yuka Kamikubo ,&nbsp;Raye Kamatsuki ,&nbsp;Natsuki Kurusu ,&nbsp;Haruna Tabata ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Matsuyama ,&nbsp;Mei Yanaidani ,&nbsp;Michiyo Kawabata ,&nbsp;Takahiro Kawabata","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTSV causes severe symptoms both in humans and cats. In this study, we report the clinical and pathological findings of 4 fatal cases of cats with high SFTS viremia levels. These cats showed an acute onset of fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased serum amyloid A and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. A high viral copy number was detected in the blood, oral swabs, rectal swabs, conjunctiva swabs, and urine. Histopathologically, necrotizing lymphadenitis, splenitis with lymphoblastoid cell proliferation, and hemophagocytosis were observed in all 4 cats. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of SFTSV antigen on lymphoblastoid B cells. SFTSV-RNA was detected in systemic tissues, including the brain. The present findings provide useful information for understanding the features of fatal SFTS in cats. To elucidate the mechanisms of severe progress of SFTS cats, as well as its role as a source of human infection, further research is needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9253352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Addition of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Cryopreservation Medium for Dog Epididymal Spermatozoa","authors":"Eman Fayez ,&nbsp;MAI El Sayed ,&nbsp;Z.M. Rawash ,&nbsp;Ali Salama","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) introduced to an extender for frozen-thawed epididymal dog spermatozoa. Epididymides from 22 castrated dogs were minced and cultured in a Tris buffer. The recovered spermatozoa were diluted in Tris-Citric acid-Fructose (TCF) extender with different concentrations of ZnONPs (100 and 200 µg/mL) and control (0.0 µg/mL). Diluted samples were equilibrated at 5 °C for 2 hours before being packed in 0.25 mL straws and stored in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C). After thawing at 37°C for 30 seconds, sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, DNA integrity, and lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were all measured. The results were presented as mean ± SEM. Adding 100 and 200 µg/mL ZnONPs to the cryopreservation medium significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; .05) improved motility and membrane integrity compared to the control. Viability and acrosome integrity were considerably (<em>P</em> &lt; .05) better at 100 µg/mL ZnONPs than at 200 µg/mL ZnONPs and the control. MDA concentration was significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; .05) decreased at 100 µg/mL ZnONPs compared to 200 µg/mL ZnONPs and the control. When 100 µg/mL ZnONPs were compared to 200 µg/mL ZnONPs and the control, the percentage of DNA damage was significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; .05) reduced. Consequently, adding 100 µg/mL ZnONPs to TCF extender resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of motility, viability, membrane-intact, and acrosome-intact dog epididymal sperm, as well as the preservation of DNA integrity and the prevention of lipid peroxidation at the membrane level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10689514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Enrofloxacin and Hydrotherapy in the Management of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) in a Savannah Cat","authors":"Kim L. Jacobsen ,&nbsp;Valerie Wiebe ,&nbsp;Autumn P. Davidson ,&nbsp;Brian G. Murphy ,&nbsp;Jr. Roy R. Pool","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>FOP is a rare genetic condition, described mainly in man and cats, characterized by progressive, painful debilitation and shortened lifespan. A 10-month-old neutered male Savannah cat was referred for progressive gait abnormalities and multifocal firm masses within the soft-tissues that were unresponsive to previous treatment. Diagnosis of FOP was based on histopathological evaluation of intralesional biopsies, which revealed osteo-cartilaginous metaplasia and fibrocellular proliferation with intralesional chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification. The cat was managed with 5 mg/kg BID enrofloxacin and hydrotherapy for 3 years until acute death. During that three-year period, the cat displayed consistent improvement in endurance, quality of life, and range of motion. Postmortem histopathology further confirmed the diagnosis of FOP via identification of intramuscular and intra-fascial ossification with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, degeneration, and regeneration of adjacent myocytes. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of long-term enrofloxacin treatment and hydrotherapy for the management of FOP in a cat, leading to improved mobility and survival time, and the first report of FOP in an exotic breed cat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10691064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Distinct Neoplasms in a North African Hedgehog (Atelerix algirus)","authors":"Francisco Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Juan D. Hernández ,&nbsp;Jorge Orós","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes the clinical and pathological features of 4 different tumors, located in the integumentary, digestive, and endocrine systems, presenting in a North African hedgehog (<em>Atelerix algirus</em>). A 3.5-year-old female hedgehog was presented with a cutaneous mass on the right flank. The lesion consisted of a well-differentiated dermal mast cell tumor with no recurrence and metastasis after complete surgical excision. Six months later, the hedgehog developed a mass in the left lower jaw, lethargy, anorexia, and progressive weight loss. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed swelling, ulceration, displacement, and destruction of subjacent bone tissue, and the animal died 1 month after the onset of clinical signs. At necropsy, 2 neoplasms in the oral cavity (squamous cell carcinoma and histiocytic sarcoma) and multiple myelolipomas in the adrenal glands were detected. Metastasis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma was observed in the lungs. Although neoplasms are frequent in this species, and more than 1 type of tumor in a single individual has been occasionally reported, this is the first description of both myelolipoma and multiple concurrent neoplasms involving various organs and different cellular origins in a hedgehog.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10701091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Treatment With Prednisolone and Mycophenolate Mofetil in a Dog With Recurrent Erythema Multiforme Minor","authors":"Taesik Yun,&nbsp;Yoonhoi Koo,&nbsp;Yeon Chae,&nbsp;Dohee Lee,&nbsp;Hakhyun Kim,&nbsp;Mhan-Pyo Yang,&nbsp;Byeong-Teck Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 3-year-old neutered male miniature poodle dog was referred with a 19-month history of unresolved dermatological signs despite long-term treatment. On physical examination, the dog had severe multifocal erythematous non-blanching patches and scales in the ventral trunk. Dermatological examination revealed <em>Malassezia</em> infection. Considering the history, clinical signs, and degree of infection, the possibility of a drug eruption appeared higher than that of <em>Malassezia</em> dermatitis. Therefore, bathing in lukewarm water was performed for 4 weeks without any other treatment, but there was no improvement. Subsequently, treatment for <em>Malassezia</em> dermatitis and differentiation from allergic dermatitis were performed, but there was still no improvement. A biopsy was performed, with the histopathology revealing lymphocytic interface dermatitis with keratinocyte apoptosis. Based on the histopathologic evaluation and clinical signs, the dog was diagnosed with erythema multiforme (EM) minor. Immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone (1 mg/kg PO, twice daily) was initiated and had a good therapeutic effect. However, the lesion recurred after tapering the prednisolone dose (0.5 mg/kg PO, every other day). Therefore, steroid-sparing agents were added to the prednisolone regimen. Ciclosporin, azathioprine, and human intravenous immunoglobulin were administered in combination with prednisolone. Yet again, the lesion recurred when the dose of prednisolone was tapered to 0.5 mg/kg once daily. Mycophenolate mofetil (20 mg/kg PO, twice daily) was then added to the immunosuppressive regimen as a steroid-sparing agent, and complete remission was achieved and maintained even when the dose of prednisolone was tapered to 0.5 mg/kg every other day. This is the first reported case of recurrent EM successfully treated with a combination of prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil, and this treatment option should be considered for recurrent EM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9314037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spirocercosis and Parvovirus in an Imported Dog: Implications for Biosecurity and Foreign Infectious Disease Risk","authors":"Eileen Wong ,&nbsp;Hilary C. Ludwig ,&nbsp;Anne L. Burnum ,&nbsp;Daniel R. Rissi ,&nbsp;Amie Koenig","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increased international travel and importation of animals brings with it the potential for spread of infectious diseases. This report details a case in which an 8-month-old male mixed breed dog died shortly after arrival to the United States from complications secondary to spirocercosis, despite having been deemed healthy and approved for international travel. Four weeks following arrival, the dog developed mild tachypnea and diarrhea. Physical examination revealed moderate pyrexia with generalized cerebellar ataxia, moderate anemia, a mature neutrophilia, and severe panhypoproteinemia. Packed red blood cells were administered. The dog was diagnosed with pyothorax and decompensated with septic shock shortly thereafter. Necropsy revealed severe transmural esophagitis with intralesional <em>Spirocerca lupi.</em> Evaluation of the brain revealed cerebellar hypoplasia, and polymerase chain reaction of brain tissue was positive for canine parvovirus. Despite receiving a clean bill of health in its country of origin, this patient ultimately had evidence of 2 different infectious processes that pre-dated its arrival into the United States. While neither of these diseases posed a significant public health risk, this case highlights the role veterinarians play before and after international travel as important barriers against the spread of exotic diseases, and emphasizes that maintaining vigilance is paramount to that task.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10696458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium Avium in Miniature Schnauzer From Argentina: A Series of Cases","authors":"Pablo Borrás ,&nbsp;María Jimena Marfil ,&nbsp;Matias Tellado ,&nbsp;Diego Hernandez ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Osacar ,&nbsp;Indiana Piras ,&nbsp;Marcela Martinez Vivot ,&nbsp;Soledad Barandiaran","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Environmental mycobacteria such as those from the <em>Mycobacterium avium-intacellulare</em> complex may cause disseminated and severe disease in dogs with genetic predisposition. A series of cases of 4 miniature schnauzers with nonspecific clinical signs and the diagnostic tests are described. Complementary means of diagnosis including complete blood count, biochemical serum analyses and fine needle aspiration cytology staining were performed. The bacteriological culture followed by PCR amplification of <em>1245</em> and <em>901</em> insertion sequences, allowed the identification of <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> subsp. <em>hominissuis.</em> This environmental Mycobacteria normally do not cause severe disease in dogs or other species, but when CARD-9 gene presents mutations, dogs may become extremely susceptible and disease is fast, disseminated, and fatal. Antibiotic therapy can be applied under veterinary consideration in specific situations, as treatment is usually applied for a long period of time. Although zoonotic risk is low as the <em>Mycobacterium</em> is environmental, contamination of the location may be high, and immunosuppressed animals and humans can develop infection as well. This report may aid clinical veterinarians in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in similar cases of this breed and others with the genetic predisposition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40427446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Dogs: Historical, Metabolic, Genetic, and Clinical Aspects","authors":"Enio Moura ,&nbsp;Ubirajara Iobe Tasqueti ,&nbsp;Rita Maria Venancio Mangrich-Rocha ,&nbsp;Jair Rodini Engracia Filho ,&nbsp;Marconi Rodrigues de Farias ,&nbsp;Cláudia Turra Pimpão","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic disorders caused by a block in a metabolic pathway, affecting both humans and animals. Individually, they are rare diseases, but as a group they are relatively common. As most of them have recessive inheritance, a new case may seem like just a sporadic case. The high degree of inbreeding in dog breeds increases the frequency of heterozygotes in populations, maintaining mutations (variants) in healthy individuals and, consequently, increasing the risk of disease recurrence (homozygotes). General practitioners’ familiarization with this subject is a significant factor in identifying new cases, contributing to increased knowledge about inborn errors of metabolism and their control. To help general practitioners, we use a clinical genetics approach covering key genetic, metabolic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects, offering an overview that integrates knowledge about these diseases in dogs and humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40565321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging and Endoscopic Diagnosis of Lung Diseases in Small Animals. A Review","authors":"Ilaria Falerno DVM ,&nbsp;Andrea Paolini DVM ,&nbsp;Roberto Tamburro DVM, PhD, Associate professor ,&nbsp;Giovanni Aste DVM, Phd ,&nbsp;Andrea De Bonis DVM ,&nbsp;Rossella Terragni DVM, PhD ,&nbsp;Massimo Vignoli DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECVDI, Professor","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diagnostic imaging plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. Radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and endoscopy are important tools for achieving a diagnosis. The choice of diagnostic procedure varies according to the patient, the suspected diagnosis and the risk/benefit ratio. Culture, cytology and histology are nearly always necessary to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Several biopsy sampling techniques are described. Surgical biopsies are the gold standard for the diagnosis of bronchiolitis or interstitial lung diseases but often not performed due to the high risk. In humans, the introduction of transbronchial cryobiopsies has led to excellent results in the study of interstitial lung diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40332700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}