Topics in companion animal medicine最新文献

{"title":"Use of Enrofloxacin and Hydrotherapy in the Management of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) in a Savannah Cat","authors":"Kim L. Jacobsen ,&nbsp;Valerie Wiebe ,&nbsp;Autumn P. Davidson ,&nbsp;Brian G. Murphy ,&nbsp;Jr. Roy R. Pool","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>FOP is a rare genetic condition, described mainly in man and cats, characterized by progressive, painful debilitation and shortened lifespan. A 10-month-old neutered male Savannah cat was referred for progressive gait abnormalities and multifocal firm masses within the soft-tissues that were unresponsive to previous treatment. Diagnosis of FOP was based on histopathological evaluation of intralesional biopsies, which revealed osteo-cartilaginous metaplasia and fibrocellular proliferation with intralesional chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification. The cat was managed with 5 mg/kg BID enrofloxacin and hydrotherapy for 3 years until acute death. During that three-year period, the cat displayed consistent improvement in endurance, quality of life, and range of motion. Postmortem histopathology further confirmed the diagnosis of FOP via identification of intramuscular and intra-fascial ossification with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, degeneration, and regeneration of adjacent myocytes. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of long-term enrofloxacin treatment and hydrotherapy for the management of FOP in a cat, leading to improved mobility and survival time, and the first report of FOP in an exotic breed cat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10691064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Distinct Neoplasms in a North African Hedgehog (Atelerix algirus)","authors":"Francisco Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Juan D. Hernández ,&nbsp;Jorge Orós","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes the clinical and pathological features of 4 different tumors, located in the integumentary, digestive, and endocrine systems, presenting in a North African hedgehog (<em>Atelerix algirus</em>). A 3.5-year-old female hedgehog was presented with a cutaneous mass on the right flank. The lesion consisted of a well-differentiated dermal mast cell tumor with no recurrence and metastasis after complete surgical excision. Six months later, the hedgehog developed a mass in the left lower jaw, lethargy, anorexia, and progressive weight loss. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed swelling, ulceration, displacement, and destruction of subjacent bone tissue, and the animal died 1 month after the onset of clinical signs. At necropsy, 2 neoplasms in the oral cavity (squamous cell carcinoma and histiocytic sarcoma) and multiple myelolipomas in the adrenal glands were detected. Metastasis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma was observed in the lungs. Although neoplasms are frequent in this species, and more than 1 type of tumor in a single individual has been occasionally reported, this is the first description of both myelolipoma and multiple concurrent neoplasms involving various organs and different cellular origins in a hedgehog.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10701091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Treatment With Prednisolone and Mycophenolate Mofetil in a Dog With Recurrent Erythema Multiforme Minor","authors":"Taesik Yun,&nbsp;Yoonhoi Koo,&nbsp;Yeon Chae,&nbsp;Dohee Lee,&nbsp;Hakhyun Kim,&nbsp;Mhan-Pyo Yang,&nbsp;Byeong-Teck Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 3-year-old neutered male miniature poodle dog was referred with a 19-month history of unresolved dermatological signs despite long-term treatment. On physical examination, the dog had severe multifocal erythematous non-blanching patches and scales in the ventral trunk. Dermatological examination revealed <em>Malassezia</em> infection. Considering the history, clinical signs, and degree of infection, the possibility of a drug eruption appeared higher than that of <em>Malassezia</em> dermatitis. Therefore, bathing in lukewarm water was performed for 4 weeks without any other treatment, but there was no improvement. Subsequently, treatment for <em>Malassezia</em> dermatitis and differentiation from allergic dermatitis were performed, but there was still no improvement. A biopsy was performed, with the histopathology revealing lymphocytic interface dermatitis with keratinocyte apoptosis. Based on the histopathologic evaluation and clinical signs, the dog was diagnosed with erythema multiforme (EM) minor. Immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone (1 mg/kg PO, twice daily) was initiated and had a good therapeutic effect. However, the lesion recurred after tapering the prednisolone dose (0.5 mg/kg PO, every other day). Therefore, steroid-sparing agents were added to the prednisolone regimen. Ciclosporin, azathioprine, and human intravenous immunoglobulin were administered in combination with prednisolone. Yet again, the lesion recurred when the dose of prednisolone was tapered to 0.5 mg/kg once daily. Mycophenolate mofetil (20 mg/kg PO, twice daily) was then added to the immunosuppressive regimen as a steroid-sparing agent, and complete remission was achieved and maintained even when the dose of prednisolone was tapered to 0.5 mg/kg every other day. This is the first reported case of recurrent EM successfully treated with a combination of prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil, and this treatment option should be considered for recurrent EM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9314037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spirocercosis and Parvovirus in an Imported Dog: Implications for Biosecurity and Foreign Infectious Disease Risk","authors":"Eileen Wong ,&nbsp;Hilary C. Ludwig ,&nbsp;Anne L. Burnum ,&nbsp;Daniel R. Rissi ,&nbsp;Amie Koenig","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increased international travel and importation of animals brings with it the potential for spread of infectious diseases. This report details a case in which an 8-month-old male mixed breed dog died shortly after arrival to the United States from complications secondary to spirocercosis, despite having been deemed healthy and approved for international travel. Four weeks following arrival, the dog developed mild tachypnea and diarrhea. Physical examination revealed moderate pyrexia with generalized cerebellar ataxia, moderate anemia, a mature neutrophilia, and severe panhypoproteinemia. Packed red blood cells were administered. The dog was diagnosed with pyothorax and decompensated with septic shock shortly thereafter. Necropsy revealed severe transmural esophagitis with intralesional <em>Spirocerca lupi.</em> Evaluation of the brain revealed cerebellar hypoplasia, and polymerase chain reaction of brain tissue was positive for canine parvovirus. Despite receiving a clean bill of health in its country of origin, this patient ultimately had evidence of 2 different infectious processes that pre-dated its arrival into the United States. While neither of these diseases posed a significant public health risk, this case highlights the role veterinarians play before and after international travel as important barriers against the spread of exotic diseases, and emphasizes that maintaining vigilance is paramount to that task.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10696458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium Avium in Miniature Schnauzer From Argentina: A Series of Cases","authors":"Pablo Borrás ,&nbsp;María Jimena Marfil ,&nbsp;Matias Tellado ,&nbsp;Diego Hernandez ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Osacar ,&nbsp;Indiana Piras ,&nbsp;Marcela Martinez Vivot ,&nbsp;Soledad Barandiaran","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Environmental mycobacteria such as those from the <em>Mycobacterium avium-intacellulare</em> complex may cause disseminated and severe disease in dogs with genetic predisposition. A series of cases of 4 miniature schnauzers with nonspecific clinical signs and the diagnostic tests are described. Complementary means of diagnosis including complete blood count, biochemical serum analyses and fine needle aspiration cytology staining were performed. The bacteriological culture followed by PCR amplification of <em>1245</em> and <em>901</em> insertion sequences, allowed the identification of <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> subsp. <em>hominissuis.</em> This environmental Mycobacteria normally do not cause severe disease in dogs or other species, but when CARD-9 gene presents mutations, dogs may become extremely susceptible and disease is fast, disseminated, and fatal. Antibiotic therapy can be applied under veterinary consideration in specific situations, as treatment is usually applied for a long period of time. Although zoonotic risk is low as the <em>Mycobacterium</em> is environmental, contamination of the location may be high, and immunosuppressed animals and humans can develop infection as well. This report may aid clinical veterinarians in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in similar cases of this breed and others with the genetic predisposition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40427446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Dogs: Historical, Metabolic, Genetic, and Clinical Aspects","authors":"Enio Moura ,&nbsp;Ubirajara Iobe Tasqueti ,&nbsp;Rita Maria Venancio Mangrich-Rocha ,&nbsp;Jair Rodini Engracia Filho ,&nbsp;Marconi Rodrigues de Farias ,&nbsp;Cláudia Turra Pimpão","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic disorders caused by a block in a metabolic pathway, affecting both humans and animals. Individually, they are rare diseases, but as a group they are relatively common. As most of them have recessive inheritance, a new case may seem like just a sporadic case. The high degree of inbreeding in dog breeds increases the frequency of heterozygotes in populations, maintaining mutations (variants) in healthy individuals and, consequently, increasing the risk of disease recurrence (homozygotes). General practitioners’ familiarization with this subject is a significant factor in identifying new cases, contributing to increased knowledge about inborn errors of metabolism and their control. To help general practitioners, we use a clinical genetics approach covering key genetic, metabolic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects, offering an overview that integrates knowledge about these diseases in dogs and humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40565321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging and Endoscopic Diagnosis of Lung Diseases in Small Animals. A Review","authors":"Ilaria Falerno DVM ,&nbsp;Andrea Paolini DVM ,&nbsp;Roberto Tamburro DVM, PhD, Associate professor ,&nbsp;Giovanni Aste DVM, Phd ,&nbsp;Andrea De Bonis DVM ,&nbsp;Rossella Terragni DVM, PhD ,&nbsp;Massimo Vignoli DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECVDI, Professor","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diagnostic imaging plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. Radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and endoscopy are important tools for achieving a diagnosis. The choice of diagnostic procedure varies according to the patient, the suspected diagnosis and the risk/benefit ratio. Culture, cytology and histology are nearly always necessary to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Several biopsy sampling techniques are described. Surgical biopsies are the gold standard for the diagnosis of bronchiolitis or interstitial lung diseases but often not performed due to the high risk. In humans, the introduction of transbronchial cryobiopsies has led to excellent results in the study of interstitial lung diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40332700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Combined Hypofractionated Volumetric Modulated Arc Radiotherapy, Radio-Sensitising and Adjuvant Metronomic Chemotherapy Treatment for Canine Stage IV Nasal Tumours With Intracranial Extension","authors":"Luca Malfassi ,&nbsp;Giulia Buonocore ,&nbsp;Nancy Carrara ,&nbsp;Silvia Marcarini ,&nbsp;Giovanni Mazza ,&nbsp;Simone Pavesi ,&nbsp;Fausto Quintavalla ,&nbsp;Massimo Sala ,&nbsp;Gaetano Urso ,&nbsp;Mario Dolera","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Radiation therapy has become the standard of care in the treatment of canine intranasal neoplasia, but because of the poor prognosis associated with stage IV nasal tumours and the proximity of the brain to the irradiation target, few data regarding the treatment of very advanced neoplasms are available. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of a combined treatment composed of definitive high-dose hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy on tumours with concurrent treatment of regional lymph nodes if positive or as prophylaxis, carboplatin radio-sensitising, and adjuvant metronomic chemotherapy for stage IV canine nasal tumours with intracranial extension.</p><p>A pilot observational study was conducted in 7 dogs. Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up examinations revealed complete responses in 5 dogs and partial responses in 2. The median overall survival time, evaluated via Kaplan−Meier survival analysis, was 310 days with a 95% confidence interval of 210-400 days, whereas the median progression-free survival was 240 days with a 95% confidence interval of 190-290 days.</p><p>Despite the proximity of highly sensitive organs at risk, no grade III or IV toxicities were observed, and volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy seemed to be a feasible treatment option for stage IV canine nasal tumours where conformal 3D radiotherapy has proven to give higher doses with severe damage to the surrounding unaffected tissues. Further studies are needed on the role of the sphenoid bone microscopic infiltration and regional lymph node involvement. The absence of severe toxicity could also lead to a dose escalation study and chemotherapy scheme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40565320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Dose Matter? Ionizing Radiation Exposure of the Veterinary Patient From Computed Tomography: A Discussion","authors":"Nicholas Taylor,&nbsp;Helen Renfrew","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advanced imaging techniques such as computed tomography<span> are commonplace in human medicine and increasingly, are being utilized by the veterinary profession as scanners become more available and affordable. The benefit of computed tomography imaging is the provision of detailed cross-sectional imaging and 3D reconstruction, but this incurs higher doses of ionizing radiation to the patient. This paper reviews risks and effects associated with ionizing radiation, making comparisons to human models, and a hypothetical scenario is discussed using the human risk model for age at time of exposure and increased lifetime risk of cancer with a dog to human year's formula. Various issues are considered with respect to dose reduction, training, equipment and the reported “greater need for guidance and the establishment of best practice” which may lead to future guidance from the International Commission on Radiological Protection.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100697"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40634243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaphylaxis due to First-Time Intravenous Infusion of N-Acetylcysteine in a Dog","authors":"Elizabeth A. Gregory,&nbsp;Erin M. Binagia","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>A 4-year-old female spayed Pomeranian was referred to the emergency service for intermittent trouble breathing and an enlarged liver found on ultrasound. A severe mixed hepatopathy was found on bloodwork, and ultrasound-guided liver aspirates showed marked hepatocellular vacuolar changes and rare neutrophils. An intravenous (IV) loading dose of n-acetylcysteine (NAC) was given for the first time in this patient, and immediately after the infusion the patient collapsed, became hypotensive, hypothermic, tachycardic, and developed gallbladder wall edema. Treatment for anaphylaxis was immediately initiated with </span>IV fluids<span>, an epinephrine bolus and then continuous rate infusion, diphenhydramine, and famotidine<span>. Clinical signs resolved within an hour of treatment with no recurrence. The hepatic enzymopathy improved, and the patient was ultimately diagnosed with a steroid hepatopathy based on laparoscopic liver biopsies. Anaphylaxis caused by first-time administration of IV NAC in a dog has not previously been reported, though it is known to occur in humans. Based on this report, it would be clinically wise to give careful consideration before prescribing NAC in cases where it is not a specific antidote or if other options are available, and to closely monitor the patient during and immediately after administration.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40566326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}