Topics in companion animal medicine最新文献

{"title":"Does Dose Matter? Ionizing Radiation Exposure of the Veterinary Patient From Computed Tomography: A Discussion","authors":"Nicholas Taylor,&nbsp;Helen Renfrew","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advanced imaging techniques such as computed tomography<span> are commonplace in human medicine and increasingly, are being utilized by the veterinary profession as scanners become more available and affordable. The benefit of computed tomography imaging is the provision of detailed cross-sectional imaging and 3D reconstruction, but this incurs higher doses of ionizing radiation to the patient. This paper reviews risks and effects associated with ionizing radiation, making comparisons to human models, and a hypothetical scenario is discussed using the human risk model for age at time of exposure and increased lifetime risk of cancer with a dog to human year's formula. Various issues are considered with respect to dose reduction, training, equipment and the reported “greater need for guidance and the establishment of best practice” which may lead to future guidance from the International Commission on Radiological Protection.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40634243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Combined Hypofractionated Volumetric Modulated Arc Radiotherapy, Radio-Sensitising and Adjuvant Metronomic Chemotherapy Treatment for Canine Stage IV Nasal Tumours With Intracranial Extension","authors":"Luca Malfassi ,&nbsp;Giulia Buonocore ,&nbsp;Nancy Carrara ,&nbsp;Silvia Marcarini ,&nbsp;Giovanni Mazza ,&nbsp;Simone Pavesi ,&nbsp;Fausto Quintavalla ,&nbsp;Massimo Sala ,&nbsp;Gaetano Urso ,&nbsp;Mario Dolera","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Radiation therapy has become the standard of care in the treatment of canine intranasal neoplasia, but because of the poor prognosis associated with stage IV nasal tumours and the proximity of the brain to the irradiation target, few data regarding the treatment of very advanced neoplasms are available. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of a combined treatment composed of definitive high-dose hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy on tumours with concurrent treatment of regional lymph nodes if positive or as prophylaxis, carboplatin radio-sensitising, and adjuvant metronomic chemotherapy for stage IV canine nasal tumours with intracranial extension.</p><p>A pilot observational study was conducted in 7 dogs. Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up examinations revealed complete responses in 5 dogs and partial responses in 2. The median overall survival time, evaluated via Kaplan−Meier survival analysis, was 310 days with a 95% confidence interval of 210-400 days, whereas the median progression-free survival was 240 days with a 95% confidence interval of 190-290 days.</p><p>Despite the proximity of highly sensitive organs at risk, no grade III or IV toxicities were observed, and volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy seemed to be a feasible treatment option for stage IV canine nasal tumours where conformal 3D radiotherapy has proven to give higher doses with severe damage to the surrounding unaffected tissues. Further studies are needed on the role of the sphenoid bone microscopic infiltration and regional lymph node involvement. The absence of severe toxicity could also lead to a dose escalation study and chemotherapy scheme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40565320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaphylaxis due to First-Time Intravenous Infusion of N-Acetylcysteine in a Dog","authors":"Elizabeth A. Gregory,&nbsp;Erin M. Binagia","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>A 4-year-old female spayed Pomeranian was referred to the emergency service for intermittent trouble breathing and an enlarged liver found on ultrasound. A severe mixed hepatopathy was found on bloodwork, and ultrasound-guided liver aspirates showed marked hepatocellular vacuolar changes and rare neutrophils. An intravenous (IV) loading dose of n-acetylcysteine (NAC) was given for the first time in this patient, and immediately after the infusion the patient collapsed, became hypotensive, hypothermic, tachycardic, and developed gallbladder wall edema. Treatment for anaphylaxis was immediately initiated with </span>IV fluids<span>, an epinephrine bolus and then continuous rate infusion, diphenhydramine, and famotidine<span>. Clinical signs resolved within an hour of treatment with no recurrence. The hepatic enzymopathy improved, and the patient was ultimately diagnosed with a steroid hepatopathy based on laparoscopic liver biopsies. Anaphylaxis caused by first-time administration of IV NAC in a dog has not previously been reported, though it is known to occur in humans. Based on this report, it would be clinically wise to give careful consideration before prescribing NAC in cases where it is not a specific antidote or if other options are available, and to closely monitor the patient during and immediately after administration.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40566326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Methadone on Intraocular Pressure, Pupil Size, and Aqueous Tear Production in Healthy Dogs","authors":"Petr Raušer,&nbsp;Markéta Mrázová,&nbsp;Lukáš Novák,&nbsp;Laura Staňková,&nbsp;Matěj Pavlík","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil size (PS), and tear production are variables important in maintaining eye homeostasis<span>. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of methadone on IOP, PS, and tear production measured by Schirmer I tear test (STT-I) in healthy nonpainful dogs. A prospective, randomized, “double-blind” clinical study was performed. A total of 40 healthy conscious client-owned dogs were included in the study. Dogs were allocated randomly to 1 of 3 groups and given intravenous methadone 0.3 mg/kg (Met-IV, </span></span><em>n</em> = 15), intramuscular methadone 0.3 mg/kg (Met-IM, <em>n =</em> 15), or saline 0.3 mL/kg (SAL, <em>n =</em><span> 10). IOP, PS, STT-I, heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured prior to (baseline) and at 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after drug administration. Data were analyzed using 1-way and 2-way repeated measures ANOVA or their nonparametric equivalents (</span><em>P &lt;</em> .05). No significant differences in IOP and PS within or between the groups were detected. In the Met-IV group, the STT-I decreased significantly after 30 minutes (<em>P</em> = .025), however, the values remained within the physiological ranges. In Met-IV group, HR decreased significantly at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes, respectively. No other significant differences were observed. Methadone administered at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg intravenously or intramuscularly seems to cause within 30 minutes no clinically important effect on IOP, PS, and STT-I in healthy conscious nonpainful dogs without ocular abnormalities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40565322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and Management of Declining Physical Function in Aging Dogs","authors":"Brennen A. McKenzie,&nbsp;Frances L. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aging is the leading cause of disability, disease, and death in adult dogs. One major consequence of aging is diminishing physical function. For normal functioning, basic elements such as strength, balance, and energy must be present. These must then be integrated to enable higher levels of function, from simple walking and feeding to the complex demands of social roles, such as family companion or working search-and-rescue dog. Biological aging processes, such as loss of muscle strength, diminished cardiorespiratory function, chronic inflammation, and age-associated diseases, as well as the adverse effects of medical treatments, all contribute to physical dysfunction. Contextual elements, such as lack of opportunity for physical exercise or restricted access to veterinary care due to owner socioeconomic circumstances, also influence age-associated functional decline in dogs. In humans, well-established clinical assessments are available to evaluate physical function, and these can predict disability, morbidity, and mortality. There are also well-supported interventions that preserve and restore function and reduce the risk of death and disease in the elderly. Because the fundamental biology and the clinical phenotype of aging are very similar in humans and dogs, these assessments and interventions can likely be adapted for use in mitigating declining physical function in geriatric canines. This review evaluates the decline in physical function with age in dogs and the potential utility in this species of clinical assessment tools and interventions developed for humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1938973622001052/pdfft?md5=e7aaf27aeada97fdcf6286d4bbbf2047&pid=1-s2.0-S1938973622001052-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40566327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to <Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Functional Evaluation of Cardiac Health Questionnaire “FETCH-QTM” for Assessing Health-related Quality of Life in Dogs with Cardiac Disease>","authors":"Jeff M. Perez ,&nbsp;Chiara Alessi ,&nbsp;Mark D. Kittleson ,&nbsp;Sergio Linares-Villalba ,&nbsp;Javier Engel-Manchado","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100700","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1938973622000733/pdfft?md5=a87fd078b3ff905afd104db5414c0b85&pid=1-s2.0-S1938973622000733-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33480664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Improved Point-of-Care ELISA for the Diagnosis of Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis During the Acute Phase of Tick-Borne Infections in Dogs","authors":"Melissa J. Beall ,&nbsp;Celine A. Mainville ,&nbsp;Andrea Arguello-Marin ,&nbsp;Genevieve Clark ,&nbsp;Christine Lemieux ,&nbsp;Jill Saucier ,&nbsp;Brendon Thatcher ,&nbsp;Edward B. Breitschwerdt ,&nbsp;Leah A. Cohn ,&nbsp;Barbara A. Qurollo ,&nbsp;Ramaswamy Chandrashekar","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Veterinarians often test for serologic evidence of vector-borne infections in sick dogs presenting with clinical signs or to screen for subclinical chronic infections. Additional peptide targets for the detection of antibodies to <em>Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys,</em> and <em>Ehrlichia canis</em> were added to an existing point-of-care (POC) ELISA test (SNAP 4Dx Plus Test, IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME). This second-generation, multi-analyte test detects <em>Dirofilaria immitis</em> antigen and antibodies to <em>Anaplasma</em> spp., <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em>, and <em>Ehrlichia</em> spp. The second-generation test is expected to better meet the needs of practicing veterinarians and their patients. To assess this expectation, the second-generation POC test was evaluated with serum samples from experimentally infected dogs and a broader field population of dogs. Compared to the first-generation test, most dogs experimentally infected with <em>A phagocytophilum</em> (n = 7/8), <em>A platys</em> (n = 4/6), or <em>E canis</em> (n = 4/6) had detectable antibody responses 3-22 days earlier post-infection; these results demonstrated better alignment with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification results and the onset of clinical signs. Using a convenience sample set of 510 sera from both academic and commercial veterinary diagnostic laboratories, the second-generation test had sensitivities greater than 90% for <em>Anaplasma</em> spp. (94.1%), <em>B burgdorferi</em> (95.5%), <em>Ehrlichia</em> spp. (93.4%) and <em>D immitis</em> (98.0%). Specificity ranged from 96.8% - 100% across the four assays. Results from this study demonstrate that the second-generation POC ELISA had an improved ability to detect serologic responses during the acute phase of <em>A phagocytophilum, A platys,</em> and <em>E canis</em> experimental infections. The results from the broader field samples support overall high sensitivity and specificity, consistent with the historical performance of the first-generation POC ELISA test.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1938973622001088/pdfft?md5=f9732c39b1f00f53fe887a290a9cf6df&pid=1-s2.0-S1938973622001088-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40566325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivation of Portuguese-Speaking Pet Owners Seeking Online Pet Health and Husbandry Information","authors":"Joana C. Prata","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Internet use for pet health information is increasing in popularity among pet owners. So far, evidence on motivations and topics of interest is limited to surveys on English speaking countries. The objective was to evaluate the motivations of Portuguese-speaking pet owners when visiting a pet information website, written by a certified veterinarian. In situ needs and motivations of visitors were evaluated by classifying online questions (</span><em>n</em> = 202) and conducting a short questionnaire in the website sidebar (<em>n</em> = 453). Most pet owners were looking for general advice (73.9%), especially on systems with visible disease signs, being motivated by the lack of access to veterinary services due to costs (17.7%), support from other pet owners (11.3%), and complementing the insufficient information provided by the veterinarian (7.7%). Brazilians reported more lack of veterinary access due to costs compared to Portuguese respondents. Thus, Portuguese-speaking pet owners engaged in online searches to seek affordable veterinary care, better information, and emotional support.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10359067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musladin-Lueke Syndrome in a Dog: Case Report","authors":"R.K. Carneiro ,&nbsp;G.T. Gatti ,&nbsp;R.C. Beck ,&nbsp;A. Amadori ,&nbsp;T.D. Oliveira ,&nbsp;M.A.R. Feliciano ,&nbsp;M.M. Alievi ,&nbsp;M.P. Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The aim of this study is to report the case of a 4-month-old Beagle<span> dog<span> diagnosed with Musladin-Lueke syndrome. The dog appeared to walk on the digits (“tiptoes”) with all limbs during ambulation and rigid extension of the carpus<span>, elbow, tarsus, and knee joints during ambulation. Thickening of the fur and auricular cartilage, reduction in radiocarpal, and tibiotarsal joint amplitude, </span></span></span></span>macrocephaly, and lateralized eyes were noticed on physical examination. </span>Echocardiography<span> showed reduced mobility and altered (tortuous) valve morphology. Bilateral abdominal cryptorchidism<span> was confirmed by ultrasonography. Musladin-Lueke syndrome was the presumptive diagnosis, based on the clinical signs presented. The diagnosis was confirmed after DNA testing performed by serial collection of saliva. This is the first paper that describes unprecedented cardiac and reproductive changes of Musladin-Lueke syndrome in which the dog was followed for 2 years, presenting a good quality of life.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10321814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Histopathological Findings of Hemorrhagic Progressive Myelomalacia after Lumbar Tap in 2 Dogs: Case Report","authors":"Marcelo Luís Schwab ,&nbsp;Dênis Antonio Ferrarin ,&nbsp;Mathias Reginatto Wrzesinski ,&nbsp;Júlia da Silva Rauber ,&nbsp;Angel Ripplinger ,&nbsp;Eryca Ceolin Lamego ,&nbsp;Mariana Martins Flores ,&nbsp;Alexandre Mazzanti","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Bichon frise (1) and Boxer (2), both with epileptic seizures, underwent </span>lumbar<span> taps for cerebrospinal fluid<span><span> collection. After the procedure, the first dog became paraplegic, and the second dog did not recover from anesthesia and remained in a coma. Both dogs were euthanatized 12 h after the examination. The dogs were diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy and fibrillar astrocytoma, respectively, after postmortem examination. They were also diagnosed with progressive myelomalacia, involving C1-C5 until the L4-S3 spinal segments. Since it was not possible to attribute the development of myelomalacia to the primary </span>diseases<span> observed, the lumbar tap likely caused this severe spinal cord injury. These reports highlight myelomalacia as a possible complication of lumbar taps.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39992397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}