Toxicology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Microplastics: A threat to Fetoplacental unit and Reproductive systems","authors":"Abass Toba Anifowoshe ,&nbsp;Md Noor Akhtar ,&nbsp;Abisola Majeed ,&nbsp;Asem Sanjit Singh ,&nbsp;Toyyibah Funmilayo Ismail ,&nbsp;Upendra Nongthomba","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic pollution has become a pressing global environmental and public health challenge, raising significant concerns about its potential effects on human health. While extensive research has been conducted on micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), there remains a critical gap in understanding how these plastic particles traverse the maternal-fetal interface and contribute to reproductive anomalies. This review aims to address this knowledge gap by examining the effects of MNPs on the fetoplacental unit, a vital structure that serves as the interface between the mother and fetus during pregnancy, as well as on the broader reproductive system. Traditionally viewed as a protective barrier safeguarding the fetus, emerging evidence suggests that the placenta may also act as a site for the accumulation of plastic particles, thereby compromising its function. A literature search was conducted using a combination of keywords on Google Scholar and PubMed including ’plastic particles affect the fetoplacental unit’, ’how plastic particles traverse the maternal-fetal contact’, and reproductive abnormalities induced by micro/nano-plastics’. Key studies show that plastic particles can traverse the maternal-fetal interface, potentially exposing developing fetuses to various harmful chemicals present in plastics, such as endocrine disruptors and persistent organic pollutants. Once in contact with the fetoplacental unit, these particles may trigger inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and even epigenetic modifications. They also bioaccumulate in testes, altering spermatogenesis, spermatozoa morphology, testosterone production, body weights, and inflammation as reported in mice. Such disruptions can increase the risk of developmental and reproductive disorders in the fetus, suggesting that exposure to plastic particles may carry long-term health implications. Further studies highlight the particular vulnerability of the fetoplacental unit to plastic particles. The placenta has limited detoxifying capabilities and unique immunological regulation, making it especially sensitive to foreign particles. Identifying critical windows of susceptibility during pregnancy is germane, as exposure to plastic particles during these periods could have heightened effects on fetal development. This growing concern underscores the urgent need for comprehensive research into the mechanisms through which plastic particles impact the fetoplacental unit. Additionally, this review calls for stronger measures to mitigate plastic pollution and recommends health strategies aimed at protecting future generations from potential harm. It synthesizes recent findings on the ways in which these particles influence the fetoplacental unit and the broader reproductive system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143351134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valerenic acid ameliorates amphetamine-related neurotoxicity by improving hypothalamus tyrosine hydroxylase and histamine-N-methyl transferase enzymes","authors":"Khaled M.M. Koriem ,&nbsp;Ammar H.A. Naiem","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Narcolepsy, obesity, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are all treated with amphetamine (a central nervous system stimulant) while valerenic acid (VA) has a pharmacological effect in the central nervous system.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether VA is able to make amends for neurotoxicity by modifying hypothalamus expressions of the enzymes <em>tyrosine hydroxylase and histamine-N-methyl transferase</em> in rats orally administered with methamphetamine (METH).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>There were thirty-six male albino rats split up into six equal groups, Control, VA (5 mg/kg)-treated, and VA (10 mg/kg)-treated groups: For four weeks, normal rats received oral administration of 1 ml of distilled water, 5 mg/kg of VA, and 10 ml/kg of VA once daily. METH-treated, VA (5 mg/kg) prior to METH-treated, and VA (10 mg/kg) before METH-treated groups: normal rats were oral administrated with METH (2.5 mg/kg), 3 days/week for 3 weeks, where the last two groups were oral administrated daily during four weeks at 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg VA, starting one week prior to METH administration.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>METH decreased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, NADPH oxidase, interleukin-10, sucrose preference test, distance traveled test, and center square entries test, ATPase activity and the enzymes <em>tyrosine hydroxylase</em> and <em>histamine-N-methyl transferase</em> but increased malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, oxidative index, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, γ-aminobutyric acid, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, nuclear factor kappa B levels, the center square duration test, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test. in the METH-treated animals' brain in contrast to the control group. After four weeks of oral administration of VA to METH-treated rats, all of these parameters returned to levels that were nearly control, indicating that a higher dose was more effective than a lower one.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>VA ameliorated METH-related neurotoxicity by improving hypothamalus expressions of the enzymes <em>tyrosine hydroxylase</em> and <em>histamine-N-methyl transferase</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101936"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low molecular weight chitosan attenuates acrylamide-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Swetha Senthil Kumar ,&nbsp;Sahabudeen Sheik Mohideen","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acrylamide (ACR), a toxic by-product of high-temperature food processing, poses significant health risks due to its oxidative, neurotoxic, and genotoxic properties. Regulatory measures focus on limiting ACR in commercial food products, yet daily cooking practices often result in unnoticed exposure, threatening vulnerable populations such as children. This study evaluates the protective role of low and medium molecular-weight (MW) chitosan against ACR-induced toxicity using <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide with antioxidant and prebiotic properties, was supplemented alongside ACR exposure in larvae and adult flies. Developmental metrics such as pupation rates, fecundity, and adult emergence were assessed, alongside oxidative stress markers and neurobehavioral outcomes. ACR exposure impaired development, increased oxidative stress, and reduced locomotor activity. Supplementation with low and medium MW chitosan alleviated these effects, with low MW chitosan demonstrating greater efficacy. These findings reveal the potential of low MW chitosan as a dietary intervention to counteract the toxic effects of contaminants like ACR. By reducing oxidative stress, preserving mitochondrial function, and supporting developmental processes, chitosan offers a promising avenue for mitigating the overall toxicity of heat-processed toxins. These findings further highlight chitosan's molecular weight-dependent protective potential against ACR toxicity, offering insights into its application as a dietary mitigator of heat-processed toxins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101933"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fumonisin B1 neurotoxicity: Preclinical evidence, biochemical mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","authors":"Blessing A. Obafemi ,&nbsp;Isaac A. Adedara ,&nbsp;Cássia Pereira Delgado ,&nbsp;Olabisi T. Obafemi ,&nbsp;Michael Aschner ,&nbsp;Joao B.T. Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neurotoxic effects of fungal toxins in both humans and animals have been well documented. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the <em>Fusarium</em> species, is the most toxic fumonisin variant whose neurotoxic effect is still being elucidated. This review highlights the biochemical aspects of FB1 neurotoxicity, such as its mechanisms of action as well as therapeutic strategies. Both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies have demonstrated that alteration in sphingolipid metabolism is a major event in FB-induced neurotoxicity. Studies have also shown that neurotoxicity due to FB1 involves dysregulation of several biochemical events in the brain, such as induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and associated programmed cell death, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and alteration of neurotransmitter levels, decreased activity of Na⁺K⁺ ATPase, as well as disruption of blood-brain barrier. This review highlights the potential public health effects of FB1-induced neurotoxicity and the need to limit human and animal exposure to FB1in order to prevent its neurotoxic effect. Moreover, it is hoped that this review would stimulate studies aimed at filling the current research gaps such as delineating the effect of FB1 on the blood-brain barrier and appropriate therapies for neurotoxicity caused by FB1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101931"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly-sensitive quantification of carbamazepine and identification of its degradation and metabolism products in human liver by high performance liquid chromatography – High resolution mass spectrometry","authors":"Andrei Pirogov ,&nbsp;Ekaterina Shirokova ,&nbsp;Samvel Barsegyan ,&nbsp;Nikita Gandlevskiy ,&nbsp;Valeriya Akimova ,&nbsp;Alessandro Barge ,&nbsp;Aleksander Nosyrev","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of carbamazepine in human <em>post mortem</em> liver tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry has been developed. Validation has been carried out and the main analytical characteristics of the developed method have been determined. The limit of detection (LOD) is 1 ng/g, and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) is 5 ng/g. The range of working concentrations for the calibration curve is 5–2000 ng/g. When assessing analyte carryover, the analyte signal of the sample does not exceed 20 % of the signal at the LLOQ level. Degradation products of carbamazepine in model solutions were studied under the presence of hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen peroxide oxidation. Twenty-two degradation products were identified. It was found that the most intensive degradation process of carbamazepine, resulting in various degradation products, is observed during its oxidation with an acidified solution of 3 % hydrogen peroxide at pH= 1–2. The stability of carbamazepine in liver tissues was studied during storage under ambient conditions over various periods. The maximum concentration decline is observed during the first week of storage (on average by 20 %), and then the concentration approximately halves over 8 weeks. Based on the analysis of forensic samples from human liver, 2 out of the 22 carbamazepine degradation products described in this study were detected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101923"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotherapeutic smart approaches for combating Alzheimer’s disease and overcoming existing obstacles: A novel eco-friendly green approach","authors":"Ahmed M. Almehdi ,&nbsp;Doha H. Aboubaker ,&nbsp;Rania Hamdy ,&nbsp;Ali El-Keblawy","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scientific community has united to raise awareness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a critical condition for future generations because recent predictions indicate that it will become common among the elderly within a few years. Nevertheless, the intricacies of the disease's progression demand exhaustive investigations to unravel its potential mechanisms. Only then can clinicians develop more efficacious therapeutic strategies. Cognitive impairment caused by amyloid aggregation, the development of hyperphosphorylated neurofibrillary tangles, and a malfunctioning cholinergic system are the hallmarks of AD. Even after the disease has started, brain tissue integrity may degenerate. The physiological characteristics of the highly selective blood-brain barrier and the electrostatic charge of the nanoporous extracellular matrix have long placed restrictions on the treatment of brain disorders. A prospective revolution in drug delivery for the treatment of AD is the use of nanomedicine. It depends on enhancing the way that medications are distributed pharmacokinetically throughout the central nervous system. Several types of nanoparticles (Nps) are available thanks to nanotechnology, and these Nps could target the brain and have a long half-life with few systemic side effects and motor problems. With the latest technological developments, scientists are working to develop unique approaches for the treatment of AD. To evaluate the prospective uses of medicinal plants, their components, and different nanomedicine techniques, it was determined that this literature study was necessary. To provide an overview of the various challenges and approaches related to using nanoparticles (NPs) to combat Alzheimer's disease (AD), this introductory review article was developed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and exploration of anticancer activity of novel peptides isolated from the edible bivalve Callista chione in hepatic and colon cancer cell lines","authors":"Ahmed A.A. Hussein ,&nbsp;Hend Okasha ,&nbsp;Mohamed ElZallat ,&nbsp;Samah I. Ghoname ,&nbsp;Mohamed R. Habib ,&nbsp;Olfat A. Hammam ,&nbsp;Ehab El-Dabaa ,&nbsp;Maha B. Salem","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The requirement for relevant and safe drugs for cancer treatment is considered a challenge. Recently, marine isolated compounds with various therapeutic targets have attracted many researchers.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Isolation and identification of potential anticancer peptides from edible <em>Callista chione</em> soft tissues.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div><em>C. chione</em> specimens were collected and peptides were extracted, purified with FPLC, and tested on normal (hepatocytes and VERO) and cancer (HepG2, and HT-29) cells. Bioactive fractions were tested by tandem mass spectrometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five different fractions were purified according to ionic charges and two fractions (4 and 5) showed a potent anticancer activity with a total anticancer score threshold of ≥ 0.5, and hydrophilicity mean of 1.75 that related to stability and solubility. The apoptotic and autophagy-related markers were significantly up-regulated in both HepG2 and HT-29 cells treated with IC₅₀ of bioactive peptides’ fractions 4 and 5, explaining their underlying mechanism of action.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Natural source peptides derived from the soft tissue of <em>C. chione</em> could be exploited for the treatment of cancers and a deep in silico study will be performed for further investigation and deep function identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involuntary intoxication caused by vaping the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-BUTINACA: A case report","authors":"Elise M.A. Slob ,&nbsp;Maryam Lyousoufi ,&nbsp;Sharif Pasha ,&nbsp;Erik B. Wilms","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic cannabinoids are gaining popularity globally and detection is not commonly available. We report a 27-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency room because of sudden headache, nausea, vertigo, red eyes and palpitations. He confirmed that he had been vaping an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) earlier that day just before the onset of his symptoms. Despite all negative results in the point-of-care test for recreational drugs, the liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis showed that the liquid of the e-cigarette contained ADB-BUTINACA, a synthetic cannabinoid. LC-QTOF-MS represents a significant advancement in the field of drug detection, offering higher sensitivity, specificity, and a broader spectrum of detectable substances. Clinicians should be aware that besides the harmful effects of nicotine and toxic metals in e-cigarettes, e-cigarettes may also contain synthetic cannabinoids or other recreational drugs including new psychoactive substances (NPS), which can cause involuntary intoxication with potentially severe adverse effects. When clinical presentation and/or initial recreational drugs testing results are inconclusive, additional testing with LC-QTOF-MS can be valuable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel proficiency test to assess the animal diagnostic investigation process in identifying an unknown toxicant","authors":"Andriy Tkachenko ,&nbsp;Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Marissa Petrey ,&nbsp;Scott Fritz ,&nbsp;Tim Walsh ,&nbsp;David Rotstein ,&nbsp;Megan R. Miller ,&nbsp;Bruce Williams ,&nbsp;Michael Dark ,&nbsp;Matthew Kmet ,&nbsp;Ravinder Reddy ,&nbsp;Gregory Tyson ,&nbsp;Sarah M. Nemser","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Participation in Proficiency Tests (PTs) is an important component of quality assurance in testing laboratories. In a typical chemistry PT, blind-coded samples are sent to participants for analysis of specific chemical agents, and results are compared to a pre-determined key (e.g., expected concentrations) to assess proficiency. In the animal diagnostic PT presented here, organizers evaluated not only the analytical component of the diagnostic investigation but also the entire investigative process as a multi-step, holistic multidisciplinary approach. Fourteen veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) participated in an exercise to identify the root cause of a simulated case of lead (Pb) toxicosis. VDLs received a case description outlining neurological signs in cattle, a digitized brain histology slide, and liver and brain tissue samples for optional chemistry analysis. Thirteen of 14 VDLs successfully diagnosed lead toxicosis by completing the following stages: (a) correctly identifying histological abnormalities, (b) providing three adequate differential diagnoses, (c) selecting adequate chemistry analyses to rule in or rule out possible causes, (d) accurately detecting lead concentration in the liver, and (e) interpreting the diagnostic significance of their results correctly. Importantly, participants first had to determine which chemistry analyses were appropriate and then to accurately quantify the target analytes. This approach provided greater confidence in the diagnostic capability of the laboratory by reducing the bias associated with being given a known chemical contaminant for which to test, typical of most chemistry PTs, and may therefore be of interest to PT providers and accreditation committees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101925"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal pollution in poultry feeds and broiler chickens in Bangladesh","authors":"Sha Md. Shahan Shahriar ,&nbsp;Nazmul Haque ,&nbsp;Tafsir Hasan ,&nbsp;Md Tasif Amir Sufal ,&nbsp;Mohammad Tariqul Hassan ,&nbsp;Mahfujul Hasan ,&nbsp;Sayed M.A. Salam","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The poultry industry poses a significant threat of heavy metal poisoning for the people of Bangladesh. The research was performed to assess the levels of heavy metals in chicken feed as well as other consumable sections of poultry fowl, and to determine the possible health hazards implicated. The levels of seven metals were evaluated in sixteen commercially available poultry feeds and in three edible portions of chicken obtained from several local markets in Rajshahi city. The metal concentrations were investigated via an atomic absorption spectrophotometer following the wet digestion method. The amount of Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Fe in poultry feeds were observed from 0.03 to 12.85 mg/kg, 0.01–1.64 mg/kg, 0.15–4.21 mg/kg, 2.65–45.83 mg/kg, 22.63–188.85 mg/kg, 0.09–2.64 mg/kg, and 0.54–41.01 mg/kg, respectively. In broiler chickens, the concentrations were determined from 0.87 to 3.15 mg/kg, 0.01–0.05 mg/kg, 0.19–1.09 mg/kg, 0.96–3.78 mg/kg, 4.45–23.53 mg/kg, 0.07–0.56 mg/kg, and 2.70–92.32 mg/kg, respectively. With the exception of Cu, Mn, and Fe, most heavy metal concentrations in chickens exceeded the highest allowed concentration set by FAO/WHO. The estimated EDI, THQ and TTHQ numbers for all metals examined were found to be below MTDI, indicating that consumption of chicken meat poses noncarcinogenic risk to individuals. Comparatively, ILCR associated with Cd and Pb are around the safety threshold, but Cr exceeds the permissible range and poses a significant risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101932"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}