Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids最新文献

{"title":"Acquiring nominal gender by deaf learners and hearing adult second language learners of Dutch","authors":"Joanne van Emmerik, Jetske Klatter, R. Hout, I. V. D. Craats, J. Schepens","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000111","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the acquisition of Dutch gender by deaf Dutch adults and hearing adult Turkish and Moroccan L2 learners of Dutch is discussed. Although, in the Netherlands, gender acquisition has been studied amply in ethnic minority children and adolescents, research with regard to ethnic minority adults and deaf adults is limited. The analysis of gender data was part of a comprehensive investigation of (writing) skills in these groups. The data were collected via a (semi-) spontaneous language task in which learners were invited to compose The Frog Story on the computer. Discovering and acquiring the gender paradigm turned out to be hard for the learner groups we investigated. Singular common nouns in Dutch take the definite determiner de and neuter nouns the definite determiner het. The results showed that in all learner groups most learners over generalized the use of de to neuter nouns. The reverse, the use of het with common nouns, hardly occurred. With respect to gender acquisition no differences were found between the various learner groups. The outcomes suggest that, in the domain of gender, the acquisition process in deaf learners of Dutch is comparable to the process of acquisition in hearing adult L2 learners of Dutch, despite their different learner situations (late L1 vs. late L2) and, in case of the adult L2 learners, their typologically different first languages. The explanation seems to be passing general learning stages, in combination with the disbalance between the effort required to learn a covert nominal gender distinction and the absence of informative or communicative value in using the gender distinction properly. This disbalance seems to lead to stagnation or fossization in early stages, in all learner groups.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116626496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Conductive Dysfunction: Wideband Acoustic Immittance","authors":"Xiao Ming Sun","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000E115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000E115","url":null,"abstract":"The conductive mechanism plays an important role in our hearing: the first stage of signal processing in the auditory system. While it consists of the ear canal, the crucial portion is the middle ear system, which transforms airborne sound into mechanical vibration and helps improve sound transmission into the fluid-filled inner ear. Hearing loss due to dysfunction of the middle ear system may be threatening to the quality of life for humans. For example, conductive hearing loss may significantly impact normal speech and language development of children. Assessment of middle ear dysfunction is essential for audiological diagnosis of hearing loss and differential diagnosis of ear diseases. For instance, middle ear dysfunction may cloud outcomes of newborn hearing screening. Acoustic immittance is the current clinical technique for assessment of middle ear dysfunction. The major procedures include tympanometry and acoustic reflex test. In these procedures, a single-frequency probe tone (e.g., 226 Hz and 1000 Hz) is used to estimate the acoustic impudence/admittance of the middle ear. Although they have been a clinical routine in audiology since 1970s, value of these procedures in assessment of conductive dysfunction has been limited.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121872067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Language Outcome for Children Born Preterm: Implications forEarly Intervention","authors":"D. Loeb","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000E114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000E114","url":null,"abstract":"There is ample evidence that children who are born preterm are at risk for language impairment [1-3]. However, not all children who are born preterm will experience difficulty developing language. Why some children have a language impairment and others do not may be owed to the presence of certain risk factors, as well as the absence of particular protective factors. It is possible that different combinations of risk and protective factors may result in negative or positive outcomes for the child born preterm.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132551325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Models in Clinical Education: A Call for Evidence","authors":"A. J. Hadley","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000E113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000E113","url":null,"abstract":"Regardless of practice setting, the demands on new practitioners include not only clinical competence in evidence-based methods of prevention, assessment, and treatment but additional skill sets. Clinical education, whether in graduate preparation programs or as a component of continuing education, must develop and implement new methodologies for effective clinical training to provide adequate opportunities for acquisition of new skill sets.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"03 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127253622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Literacy and Patient-Centered Care in Audiology - Implications for Adult Aural Rehabilitation","authors":"J. Gilligan, B. Weinstein","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000110","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental principle in adult audiological rehabilitation should be the incorporation of patient preferences and health literacy into the counseling, intervention and management of older adults with hearing impairment. However, there is a lack of field-specific research to help guide audiologists in delivery of gold standard, evidence-based practice in this arena. This is a pressing concern, given the demographic shift to an aging population in which hearing impairment is increasing in both prevalence and severity. This paper examines how Patient-Centered Care (PCC) and health literacy form the interlocking foundations that can greatly influence an individual’s decision making, adherence to treatment, health outcome and overall health status. A brief review of the literature is included, together with a discussion of relevant resources for clinicians who wish to integrate health literacy and PCC into rehabilitative practice.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121634161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-examining the Use of Thickened Liquids among Patients with Dysphagia","authors":"M. Gorham-Rowan","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000E112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000E112","url":null,"abstract":"The use of thickened liquids is a frequent recommendation by many speech-language pathologists to minimize or eliminate the possibility of oral aspiration of liquids. The basic premise supporting the use of thickened liquids is that increased viscosity results in a slower transit time and allows for greater control of the bolus, thus providing more time to trigger a pharyngeal swallow. In theory, then, the use of thickened liquids should reduce chances of aspiration. In practice, however, this assumption does not always hold true. For example, patients with dementia have been shown to continue to aspirate with thickened liquids of varying viscosity, from nectar to honey-thick liquids [1]. Furthermore, increased viscosity may not necessarily reduce adverse effects associated with aspiration, as evidenced by a higher rate of pneumonia among patients with dementia who were given honey thick liquids compared to those given nectar-thick liquids [2]. To date, there is a paucity of data to support the benefits of thickened liquids [3] but the emerging evidence suggests that the use of thickened liquids not “a one size fits all” approach and individual patient characteristics must be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116730277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Acoustical Assessment of the Music Memory in Commercially Available Hearing Aids","authors":"A. Amlani, K. Chesky, Ashley N. Hersey","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000109","url":null,"abstract":"Hearing aids amplify speech-input signals using nonlinear amplification (i.e., wide dynamic range compression). When WDRC is used to process a music-input signal, listener’s report a negative aided listening experience. To circumvent this negative experience, hearing aids allow for music-input stimuli to be processed using a modified frequency-gain response, known as a memory or program. The music memory, in general, processes the input signal using a linear-like frequency-gain response, elevated output, or both. Increasing gain and output, we conjecture, has the potential to place the wearer at-risk (i.e., ≥85 Leq dBA) for Hearing-aid-induced hearing loss (HAIHL). We assessed the potential of this risk in two experiments. In Experiment I, 2-cc coupler gain was determined in three commercially available receiver-in-the ear/receiver-in-the-canal (RITE/RIC) hearing aids. Coupler gain responses were determined for a composite signal presented at 65 and 100 dB SPL for the WDRC memory and music memory, and for different degrees of occlusion. Results from this experiment were reported qualitatively. In Experiment II, the same three devices were fit on an acoustical manikin. Recordings of 10 musical passages were obtained for the same two memories, adjusted for the degree of occlusion at three presentation levels (i.e., 85-, 94-, and 103-dB SPL). Analyses of the recordings revealed that two devices programed in the music mode exceeded the at-risk threshold at presentation levels of 94- and 103-dB SPL. In addition, the same two devices programmed in WDRC exceeded the at-risk threshold at a presentation level of 103-dB SPL. Implications and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114678101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of American Sign Language to Sign-Print Bilingualism in Children","authors":"S. Reading, R. J. Padgett","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000108","url":null,"abstract":"Sign languages serve as successful communication, providing access to spontaneous, interactive language for some individuals with a hearing loss. However, for these individuals there is a concern for the development of reading skills in a second language, a bilingual task. Previous studies indicated that a correlation exists between sign language knowledge and written language comprehension for older children and adults. The current study examines the predictive relationship between American Sign Language (ASL) knowledge and the developing English reading skills for children in 1st and 2nd grade. The results of this study indicated that ASL knowledge was a leading indicator of later English reading ability, providing evidence that sign language is a strong predictive factor in enabling young deaf children to acquire reading ability in a second language.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121322541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive Smoking: A Possible Risk Factor for Development of Minimal Hearing Loss in Children","authors":"H. Talaat","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000107","url":null,"abstract":"Minimal Hearing Loss (MHL) is a commonly overlooked clinical problem; it affects about 5% of children. Children with MHL may be at risk academically due to their poorer speech perception in the noisy classrooms [1]. MHL has generally been defined as a group of hearing disorders that include mild hearing loss, unilateral hearing loss, and high-frequency hearing loss. MHL may result from conductive disorders such as otitis media with effusion or different sensorineural disorders [2]. Recently, we investigated the effect of second–hand smoke on the hearing of children. Passive smoking was correlated with development of sensorineural MHL [3]. The study group consisted of 411 children, their aged ranged between 5 to 11 years. The inclusion criteria were: i) Normal speech and language, ii) Absence of any disease or condition that may cause sensorineural hearing loss, iii) Normal middle ear function on the day of hearing assessment. They were divided into three groups according to the exposure to secondhand smoke at home; Group of “no exposure” whereas no smoker in the family (131 children), group of “mild exposure” whereas the father was the only smoking parent and smoking was prohibited at home (155 children), and group of “heavy exposure” whereas the mother was smoking, or the father was freely smoking at home and in the presence of his children (125 children). Audiological evaluation revealed that the prevalence of hearing loss was 3.8%, 4.5% and 12% in the “no exposure”, “mild exposure”, and “heavy exposure” groups respectively. Significant difference was only detected between the high exposure group and the other two groups. All children with hearing loss had minimal sensorineural hearing loss i.e., threshold of frequencies showing hearing loss were 20 or 25 dB HL. The risk ratio (95% confidence interval) for development of hearing loss in the heavy exposure group compared to those none exposed children was 3.14 (1.18, 8.3) (p<0.05). Smoking may induce sensorineural hearing loss through direct ototoxic effect of nicotine on the hair cells, or reducing the cochlear perfusion by either induces vasospasm and arteriosclerosis in the cochlear blood vessels or raising the carboxyhaemoglobin levels, which reduces the oxygen perfusion for the organ of Corti [4]. MHS reported in our study may represent an early stage of hearing loss which would later progress to more severe degrees of hearing loss with continuing exposure to second-hand smoke. This study emphasizes the importance of avoiding exposure of children to passive smoking which may be associated with development of hearing loss or its consequences such as learning disability.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132448698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing the Effects of Delayed Auditory Feedback on DysarthricSpeech Associated with ParkinsonâÂÂs Disease","authors":"Paul G. Blanchet, P. Hoffman","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000106","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The present study examined the effects of Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) as a rate control intervention for dysarthric speakers with Parkinson's disease. Adverse reactions to relatively long delay intervals are often observed during clinical use of DAF, and may result from improper \"matching\" of the delayed signal. To facilitate optimal use of DAF, clinicians may need to provide instruction, modeling, and feedback. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinician instruction on the effectiveness of DAF in treating speech deficits. A related purpose was to compare the effects of different delay intervals on speech behaviors. \u0000 Method: Three males with Parkinson's disease and an associated dysarthria served as participants in this singlesubject study. The A phases consisted of a sentence reading task using DAF; the B phases incorporated clinician instruction. During each of the 16 experimental sessions, speakers read with four different delay intervals (0 ms, 50 ms, 100 ms, and 150 ms). During the B phases, the experimenter provided verbal feedback and modeling pertaining to how precisely the speaker matched the delayed signal. Dependent variables were speech rate, percent intelligible syllables, and percent disfluencies. \u0000 Results: Results indicated that for all three speakers, DAF significantly reduced reading rate and produced significant improvements in either intelligibility (Speaker 3) or fluency (Speakers 1 and 2). A delay interval of 150 ms produced the greatest reductions in reading rates for all speakers, although any DAF setting used was sufficient to produce significant improvements in either intelligibility or fluency. Additionally, supplementing DAF with clinician instruction resulted in significantly enhanced gain achieved with DAF. \u0000 Conclusions: These findings demonstrated the effectiveness of various intervals of DAF in improving speech deficits associated with Parkinson's disease; particularly when patients are provided with instruction, modeling and feedback by the clinician.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131453568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}