Thermal Science and Engineering Progress最新文献

{"title":"A hybrid anti/de-icing method with low cost and all-weather performance","authors":"Yu Dai ,&nbsp;Xiuhua Wen ,&nbsp;Jingfu Jin ,&nbsp;Qian Cong ,&nbsp;Jin Xu ,&nbsp;Xiuzhang Qin ,&nbsp;Tingkun Chen ,&nbsp;Mingqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A low-cost and all-weather hybrid anti/de-icing method combining electrothermal and photothermal superhydrophobic coating was proposed. The photothermal superhydrophobic coating was prepared by using cuttlefish ink as a light-absorbing material, and the contact and rolling angles of the coating surface were 154.1° and 3.1°, respectively. Under the same light intensity, the accumulated ice on the hybrid anti/de-icing sample surface melted within 414.1 s, while the accreted ice on the aluminum alloy surface didn’t melt within 700 s. In the test of melting the accumulated ice by electric heating, the melting time of the accumulated ice on the hybrid anti/de-icing specimen surface was 214.4 s shorter than that of the accreted ice on the aluminum alloy surface, and the energy consumption was also reduced by 41.73 %. The hybrid anti/de-icing specimen has good droplet bouncing properties. Meanwhile, the photothermal superhydrophobic coating maintained a contact angle of 140° after being impacted by 5 kg of quartz sand. Additionally, a large area of anti/de-icing sample was prepared, and the accreted ice on the sample was automatically peeled off by artificial vibration. However, the accumulated ice on the aluminum alloy and flexible film substrate surfaces of the same dimensions as the anti/de-icing specimens was not peeled off. This study presents a practical, easily prepared, and scalable anti/de-icing method with excellent performance, offering a potential solution to the engineering field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104153"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation on the near flammability limits behavior of syngas/air mixtures: effect of H2/CO ratios and inert gas additions","authors":"Bin Su ,&nbsp;Yunsong Tan ,&nbsp;Ruolin Hao ,&nbsp;Litao Liu ,&nbsp;Shangyong Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhenmin Luo ,&nbsp;Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To promote the safe application of syngas (H₂/CO), the flammability limit parameters of syngas under varying H₂/CO ratios, along with the effects of inert gases (N₂, CO₂) on these limits and the explosion triangle, are investigated. Additionally, the chemical kinetic behavior near the lower flammability limit (LFL) of syngas is analyzed. The findings reveal that increasing the H₂ proportion in syngas significantly lowers the LFL and elevates the explosion hazard level. The introduction of inert gases notably reduces the upper flammability limit (UFL) and the explosion hazard level of syngas. As the H₂ proportion increases, the syngas explosion triangle expands and shifts toward the lower left, thereby reducing the non-explosive region area. The chemical kinetics near the LFL of syngas demonstrates increasing the volume ratio of H₂ in syngas can accelerate the generation rate of key free radicals, promote the generation of O and OH free radicals more rapidly, but intensify the inhibition of the generation of H free radicals. Among these, the elementary reactions R1, R3, R4, R5, R15, and R32 are identified as the most critical factors affecting the likelihood of syngas explosion. Adding appropriate inhibitors targeting these key elementary reactions can, to a certain extent, suppress the explosion of syngas. These findings provide valuable references and a foundation for enhancing the safe utilization of syngas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inherently safety design of an advanced geothermal-driven triple cooling system: 4E and safety-based optimization framework","authors":"Mohammad Ebadollahi ,&nbsp;Paria Yousefi ,&nbsp;Haoshui Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supplying fuel to energy systems using renewable sources is a fundamental strategy for sustainable development and optimal utilization of energy resources. This study presents an innovative three-level cooling system meeting the freezing, cooling, and air conditioning demands in small-to-medium industrial applications using geothermal energy. The proposed Triple Evaporator Cooling System (TECS) employs a three-evaporator/single-ejector configuration to improve conventional ejector refrigeration. TECS demonstrates robust applicability in multi-temperature cold chain industries including food processing, pharmaceuticals, and hospitality. System optimization utilizes a multi-objective genetic algorithm with integrated 4E (energy, exergy, economic, and environmental) evaluation and inherent safety analysis. Isobutane is selected as the working fluid for its superior thermodynamic performance and minimal environmental impact. Base case results show that the air conditioning, cooling, and freezing loads are reported as 44.07 kW, 25.23 kW and 35.5 kW, respectively. Furthermore, the coefficient of performance, exergy efficiency, unit cost product ratio (UCPR), unit environmental product ratio (UEPR), and total risk are 0.502 (dimensionless), 16.81 %, 66.44 $/GJ, 1042 million points per gigajoule, and 1088 $/year, respectively. The comprehensive multi-objective optimization yields significant improvements in all metrics. Furthermore, a parametric study demonstrates the impact of influential parameters on the system’s performance indicators. The results indicate that with increasing temperature of the geothermal fluid entering the generator, the system’s coefficient of performance remains constant, while the total cycle exergy efficiency decreases, the system’s product cost increases, and the environmental cost of the product decrease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104117"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerodynamic performance and over-expansion flow control of a supercritical CO2 co-rotating scroll expander for solid oxide fuel cell waste heat recovery","authors":"Panpan Song ,&nbsp;Ming Cheng ,&nbsp;Zhenbo Lu ,&nbsp;Dan Dan ,&nbsp;Weilin Zhuge ,&nbsp;Yangjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expander serves as the pivotal component within the waste heat recovery (WHR) power generation system. Compared to the Organic Rankine Cycle, the supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO₂) Brayton cycle is better suited for high-temperature WHR in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). With the integrated development of WHR systems, the novel S-CO₂ co-rotating scroll expander (SCSE) holds significant potential for application in small-scale WHR due to its compact design and high energy conversion efficiency. Regrettably, research on SCSE remains limited, and its aerodynamic performance characteristics are still unknown. Consequently, this work combines CFD simulation with Taguchi-based grey correlation analysis to comprehensively evaluate the aerodynamic performance of the SCSE. The impact of key operational and structural parameters of the SCSE on the performance indices was quantified, and the parameter combinations corresponding to the optimal performance were identified. Additionally, an innovative and highly operable flow control strategy for asymmetric over-expansion is introduced, which is accomplished by reducing the ending angle of the scroll profile, resulting in a further increase of the specific power by 44.33 kW/kg and the isentropic efficiency by 2.22 %. This investigation facilitates the efficient and stable operation of the SCSE, which will establish a foundation for the development of a high-temperature WHR system of SOFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104146"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of 3D-printed macro-encapsulated PCM variants for battery thermal management systems","authors":"Bilal Kursuncu ,&nbsp;Abid Ustaoglu ,&nbsp;Ferhat Yildiz ,&nbsp;Junnosuke Okajima ,&nbsp;Ahmet Sarı ,&nbsp;Osman Gencel ,&nbsp;Orhan Uzun","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel battery thermal management system (BTMS) design, which is numerically and experimentally examined, utilizing macro-encapsulation with 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) material to store phase change materials (PCM). A distinctive contribution of this study is the implementation of macro-encapsulated PCM using 3D printing, which offers a leak-proof, passive, and energy-free BTMS solution. This approach addresses sealing issues and improves battery thermal management. Capric acid (CA) and microencapsulated PCM (ME) are compared to the base case with an air gap under different charge and discharge conditions. The high specific heat capacity and phase change temperature of CA-PCM enable effective battery thermal management. The BTMS effectively maintains battery temperatures within the optimal range, extending battery life. Under all charging and discharging conditions, battery temperatures in CA-BTMS are consistently lower than those in Air BTMS. The CA BTMS temperature is 37.83 °C in the 1.72C charging condition, compared to 38.09 °C in the Air BTMS system. Similarly, the CA BTMS battery temperature is 36.18 °C under the same C-rate discharge condition, whereas the Air BTMS temperature is 36.39 °C. Reduced internal resistance in the CA case enhances voltage stability and energy efficiency, yielding higher average voltage values during charge and discharge cycles. CA BTMS exhibits lower voltage differences during charging than Air BTMS, and these differences are further reduced to 0.019 V, 0.012 V, and 0.01 V during discharge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104151"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on nano-SiO2 particles regulating the performance of fluorine-free foam and its fire extinguishment effectiveness","authors":"Yunpeng Yang ,&nbsp;Lilong Nie ,&nbsp;Yongkang Guo ,&nbsp;Zhuoxuan Li ,&nbsp;Sicheng Xu ,&nbsp;Linlin Yi ,&nbsp;Kaiyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the environmental risks posed by PFOS-containing fire extinguishing agents, the development of highly efficient and environmentally friendly fluorine-free foam extinguishing agents has become a forefront research area in the firefighting community. In this study, a novel foam extinguishing agent was prepared using the nonionic silicone surfactant SiCare2238 and the amphoteric hydrocarbon surfactant LAMC as core components, with hydrophilic nano-SiO₂ particles (NPs) introduced to construct a gas–liquid-solid three-phase fluorine-free foam system. By regulating the NP concentration, the interactions of NPs and surfactants and the resulting effects on the foam performance were investigated. The results indicate that when the NP concentration is &lt; 1 wt%, the charge interactions between particles and surfactants weaken the interfacial adsorption, leading to accelerated drainage and coarsening, thereby reducing the foam stability. In contrast, when the NP concentration is ≥ 1 wt%, the particles form a dense network in the Plateau borders, blocking the Plateau channels, resulting in a 47.4 % reduction in drainage within 30 min and a 30 % decrease in coarsening rate, significantly enhancing the foam stability. Moreover, the fire extinguishing and burn-back experiments demonstrated that the SN-7# system with 5 wt% NPs achieved a 90 % flame control time of 17 s and an extinguishing time of 26 s, outperforming the commercial AFFF and the NP-free SN-0#. The addition of NPs significantly enhances fire suppression efficiency, as they interact with surfactants in foam films and Plateau borders to form aggregated network structures, effectively delaying the drainage and coarsening, thereby improving the foam’s thermal stability and burn-back resistance. The findings of this study provide theoretical guidance for the development and application of NPs in fluorine-free foam extinguishing agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104148"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology-optimized liquid cooling plates for low-temperature battery preheating: A multi-objective thermal management strategy","authors":"Q. Zhong ,&nbsp;Aman Garg ,&nbsp;Liang Gao ,&nbsp;Akhil Garg ,&nbsp;B. Panda ,&nbsp;Kexiang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of lithium-ion batteries in low-temperature environments will be significantly degraded due to the hysteresis of electrochemical reaction dynamics and the increase of internal resistance, so an efficient preheating strategy is urgently needed. Therefore, in this study, a novel multi-objective topology optimization framework is proposed for the design of liquid-cooled cold plates to solve the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic challenges in the preheating of low-temperature batteries. By integrating temperature uniformity, heating rate, and energy loss minimization goals, this method provides a sustainable thermal management technology for electric vehicles and energy storage systems. The optimized design showed excellent performance in the comparative test of traditional parallel flow channels and bionic spider web flow channels: the average heating rate increased by 7 %, the temperature deviation was controlled within 5 °C, and the pressure drop was reduced by 74.4 %.The numerical research further reveals the influence of flow rate, coolant temperature and battery configuration on system efficiency, and highlights the adaptability of topology-optimized cold plates in large-scale applications.These findings are highly consistent with the goals of the special issue and provide an innovative thermal management solution that can improve energy efficiency, reduce operating costs, and support the transformation of low-carbon transportation.The research combines computational design with engineering practice to provide practical insights into a new generation of battery systems in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104149"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated experimental and simulation study on energy flow distribution and transient characteristics of hybrid electric vehicles across varied driving cycles","authors":"Wuqiang Long ,&nbsp;Dexiang Xi ,&nbsp;Jianqin Fu ,&nbsp;Xilei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy flow analysis is pivotal for improving hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) efficiency. In this study, an integrated simulation model for a P3-architecture parallel HEV was developed and calibrated with experimental data, and energy flow distribution and transient behavior were evaluated across World Light Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC), China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle (CLTC-P) and New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). Headline results show fuel consumption of 5.37, 4.28 and 4.69 L per 100 km for WLTC, CLTC-P and NEDC, respectively. Despite the higher total energy demand of WLTC, aggregate drivetrain losses are the lowest among the three cycles, and engine operating points under WLTC and NEDC cluster in low to medium map regions that are consistent with better fuel economy. Motor efficiency ranks CLTC-P &gt; NEDC &gt; WLTC, reflecting the more rapidly varying load and speed under WLTC. The battery state of charge declines most rapidly in WLTC, with propulsion predominantly electric at low speeds and transitioning to parallel operation as speed increases. These findings provide validated, cycle-specific insights for calibrating control strategies and improving energy utilization in HEVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104144"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the flow control mechanism of vortex-control holes in a Rotor-Stator cavity","authors":"Ziyi Sun ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Guang Liu ,&nbsp;Zengyan Lian ,&nbsp;Pei Wang ,&nbsp;Huiping Pei ,&nbsp;Xingen Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The back cavity of a centrifugal compressor is a typical rotor–stator cavity with radial internal flow. This article mainly studied the influence and control mechanism of vortex-control hole structure on the flow in this type of cavity. The experiment measured the distribution of static pressure loss coefficient along the radial direction in the disk cavity with a rotational Reynolds number Re<em>_φ</em> = 2.1 × 10⁶, a mainstream flow coefficient C_w = 1.8 × 10⁴, and a relative flow rate of secondary air stream Q_m = 0 %∼12 %. Results demonstrated that vortex-control holes significantly reduce static pressure loss. The turbulence parameter λ_t emerged as a critical factor governing flow in simple cavities, revealing a unique flow field structure under specific relationships between flow coefficient and rotational Reynolds number. The cavity with vortex-control holes introduces the secondary air stream. Therefore, a modified turbulence parameter λ_t* was proposed. When λ_t* and Q_m are the same within the range of λ_t*=0.12 ∼ 0.24, different combinations of rotational speed and flow rate yield the same swirl ratio and static pressure loss coefficient. The flow field structure in the cavity was analyzed using numerical calculations when Q_m = 0 %∼25 %. It was found that with the increase of Q_m, the region below the vortex-control holes transitions from the Batchelor flow pattern to the Stewartson flow pattern, and this transition affects the radial distributions of the swirl ratio and pressure loss. Furthermore, based on the distribution characteristics of swirl ratio and static pressure loss in the cavity, a prediction model for the swirl ratio in the rotor–stator cavity with vortex-control holes was established.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104145"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of heat transfer characteristics of rectangular latent heat thermal energy storage unit","authors":"Shasha Luo ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Liangbi Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Hu ,&nbsp;Guangtian Shi ,&nbsp;Yingwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system, adding fins to the phase change material (PCM) is a commonly used technique. Its primary role is to direct heat flow and enlarge the heat exchange area, and this method is anticipated to significantly enhance energy storage effectiveness. This research delves deeply into the overall influence of multiple design factors on the thermal performance of a rectangular phase change thermal energy storage unit, employing a two-dimensional advanced numerical computational model for precise analysis. The factors considered include the number of circular tubes, rotation angle, eccentricity, fin quantity, fin length, and the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid (HTF). The findings indicate that the melting time of the three-tube system equipped with fins is cut down by around 54.3 % in comparison to the one without fins. This clearly shows the crucial role that fins play in boosting thermal conductivity. Moreover, there exists an optimal eccentricity of <em>D</em> = 0.24, which improves the melting performance by 64.7 % compared to the case with no eccentricity. The LHTES unit with eight fins can not only maintain good heat transfer performance, but also effectively improve the energy storage effectiveness. In addition, when the inlet temperature increases from <em>Ste</em> = 0.11 to 0.35, the total melting time is decreased by 68.2 %. The findings will greatly facilitate the rectangular multi-tube LHTES units with fins towards more extensive engineering practice applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104143"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}