{"title":"Experimental investigation of enhanced hydrogen production from atomised water-methanol mixture in a modified plasma reformer","authors":"Neeraj Budhraja, Amit Pal, R.S. Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is a clean energy carrier with a very high energy content by mass. However, about 97–98 % of H<sub>2</sub> production is through steam reforming, which lowers the benefits of cleaner fuel. In current work, a modified plasma reformer was used to enhance hydrogen production, and the performance parameters like feed flow rate (0.5 to 4.5 LPM), methanol concentration (0 to 35 %) and voltage (4 to 8 V) were analyzed at three different ultrasonic transducer frequencies (0.3, 1.7 and 2.4 MHz). The results showed that the higher frequency (2.4 MHz) transducer had about 8–10 % higher tendency of H<sub>2</sub> production rate against the other two transducers of frequencies 1.7 MHz and 0.3 MHz, respectively. The process parameters that influenced the H<sub>2</sub> production rate include input voltage, which showed a 14–25 % increase in the H<sub>2</sub> production rate from 4 kV to 7.5 kV, and beyond 7.5 kV, it declined. Similarly, the highest H<sub>2</sub> production rate was observed at the higher methanol concentration of 35 % and feed flow rate of 3.5 LPM. The hydrogen selectivity (HS) and methanol conversion (MCP) also calculated and found both positive and negative impacts as per the variations in influencing parameters. The highest raise in HS and MCP were observed about 30–45 % for input voltage whereas the reduction was about 30–40 % for methanol concentration. The feed flow rate showed mixed response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103535"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental study on the operating performance of a novel flat loop heat pipe with liquid channels under terrestrial and accelerated conditions","authors":"Zhen Fang , Yongqi Xie , Jinpeng Wei , Hongwei Wu , Hongxing Zhang , Guoguang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the cooling challenges of future advanced airborne electronic equipment, in this article, a dual compensation chamber stainless steel-ammonia flat loop heat pipe (FLHP) with liquid channels was designed and fabricated. A test rig was set up to evaluate the startup and operating performance under two typical acceleration directions and terrestrial conditions. In the current study, acceleration is defined as direction Ⅰ when it is directed from CC2 to CC1, and as direction Ⅱ is when it oriented from the evaporator to the condenser. Experimental results indicated that: (i) under terrestrial conditions, the FLHP can successfully start at 10 W and quickly reach steady state under varying heat loads (10 ∼ 500 W). (ii) the FLHP successfully started and reached a steady state under 6 <em>g</em> acceleration in both directions, but the time required to reach steady state is longer than that under terrestrial conditions. (iii) the steady-state operating temperature versus heat load shows a “V” shaped curve under both terrestrial and acceleration conditions. The transitions from the variable to the constant conductance model occur at heat loads of 200 W, 400 W, and 300 W for terrestrial condition, acceleration direction Ⅰ, and acceleration direction Ⅱ, respectively. (iv) accelerations in both directions increase the FLHP operating temperature. In direction Ⅰ, acceleration mainly affects the fluid distribution between the CCs, altering heat leakage from the evaporator. In direction II, it primarily increases the flow resistance in the external loop. The findings of this study provide strong support for the thermal management of electronic devices, especially offering broad application prospects in complex and variable airborne acceleration environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103532"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Hassan , Mohammad U.H Joardder , Azharul Karim
{"title":"A CFD integrated drying model for improving drying conditions in industry Scale dryers","authors":"Ali Hassan , Mohammad U.H Joardder , Azharul Karim","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drying is a complex process involving simultaneous momentum, heat and mass transfer driven by gradients in pressure, temperature, moisture concentration, and velocity. While recent efforts have integrated drying models with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to improve process understanding, most existing models focus on convective drying of single samples. There remains a critical need for further studies to optimize drying conditions using CFD-integrated models for multiple samples under diverse inlet air velocities. In this study, a CFD-integrated drying model was developed to investigate drying uniformity for multiple samples under various conditions. This includes investigating whether a meshed inlet can enhance airflow distribution, thereby improving both drying uniformity and drying rates. Moreover, the study examined the uniformity of air velocity, moisture content, and sample temperature for different sample arrangements and positions within the drying chamber. Results indicated that higher air velocities significantly enhance moisture removal and temperature uniformity among samples, while sample placement notably affects drying rates. Moreover, the inclusion of meshed inlet can reduce the low energy spots within the drying chamber for optimizing the drying efficiency of the system. However, higher uniformities in air velocity and sample temperature, and moisture content were achieved from the non-perforated air inlet. This research highlights the critical role of meshed inlet and sample orientations in optimizing airflow and drying conditions, providing insights to improve energy efficiency, achieve consistent drying performance, and reduce quality degradation during the drying process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103533"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Injamamul Haque , Naushad Ali , Tabish Alam , Tauseef Uddin Siddiqui , Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari , Jagmohan Yadav , Shivam Srivastava
{"title":"Optimization of semi-pendeloque grooved in micro-channel heat sinks for thermal management under optimal pumping power","authors":"Injamamul Haque , Naushad Ali , Tabish Alam , Tauseef Uddin Siddiqui , Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari , Jagmohan Yadav , Shivam Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the relentless pursuit of efficient thermal management for high-power electronic devices, microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) have emerged as a pivotal solution due to their superior heat dissipation capabilities. This study focuses on optimizing MCHS by incorporating semi-pendeloque grooves on the sidewalls, arranged alternately and designed with varying angles from 10° to 30°. Using numerical technique, the thermal and hydrodynamic performance of these modified MCHSs were quantitatively analyzed. The results reveal that the inclusion of semi-pendeloque grooves significantly enhances the heat transfer rate. At Reynolds number (Re) of 900 and a groove angle of 10°, the Nusselt number increased to 14.17, up from 12.49 at a groove angle of 30°. Additionally, the maximum temperature at the base of the microchannel dropped from 319.82 K at Re = 500 to 313.27 K at Re = 900 with a fixed groove angle of 10°. However, results are also demonstrated that larger groove angle also leads to a marginal higher pressure drop, which means slightly high pumping power is needed. The study suggests that fine-tuning the groove angle and arrangement in microchannel heat sinks can significantly enhance thermal performance, which makes it a promising approach for advanced cooling in electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103531"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johannes Losacker, Alex M. Garcia, Nico Schmitz, Christian Wuppermann
{"title":"Full-spectrum k-distribution weighted sum of gray gases model for air and oxyfuel combustion of hydrogen-hydrocarbon blends at atmospheric pressure","authors":"Johannes Losacker, Alex M. Garcia, Nico Schmitz, Christian Wuppermann","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of decarbonization of heating processes, alternative fuels as hydrogen, ammonia, or biogas are explored to substitute conventional fuels as natural gas. The altered flue gas compositions from such flames demand flexible modeling of radiative properties of the participating gases H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub>. Various Weighted Sum of Gray Gases (WSGG) model formulations and coefficients have been proposed in the literature, but few cover all conditions that result from the combustion of any blend of the aforementioned fuels. In this work, two sets of coefficients for a WSGG model with 5 gray gases are calibrated for air and oxyfuel combustion conditions at atmospheric pressure, to improve on the accuracy and flexibility of existing models. Weights and absorption coefficients are derived from <em>k</em>-distributions based on line-by-line integrations using the HITEMP 2010 spectroscopic database. Base functions are fitted to continuously recover the weights and absorption coefficients within the range of calibration. The new model covers H<sub>2</sub>O to CO<sub>2</sub> molar ratios of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>M</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>∞</mi></mrow></math></span>, and temperatures in the range of <span><math><mrow><mn>300</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>K</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>2700</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span> for air combustion, and <span><math><mrow><mn>300</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>K</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>3000</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span> for oxyfuel combustion. The models are assessed by predictions of total emissivity as well as radiative heat flux and source term in a 1D slab. Benchmark solutions are obtained from line-by-line integrations covering the compositions of the calibration database. The new model shows significantly improved predictions in comparison to recent WSGG models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103514"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis of a sustainable solar-biomass hybrid dryer with thermal energy storage systems","authors":"Dhananjay Kumar , Pavitra Singh , Pankaj Kalita , Pinakeswar Mahanta","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient continuous-type solar-biomass powered grain-dryer coupled with thermal storage mediums (sensible and latent) has been developed for small-scale farmers. Thermodynamic analysis of the developed dryer has been performed for performance optimization. This investigation comprises the energy and exergy examination of paddy drying of 12 kg capacity for the moisture content reduction of 20.4 % (34.2 % to 13.8 %). Thermal storage mediums, such as pebbles and paraffin wax, are used to maintain stable temperature during the drying process in the chamber of a biomass-based dryer. In this analysis, two batches of paddy (12 kg/batch) were successfully dried in each drying mode (solar and biomass operating mode). Solar energy was used in paddy drying during the daytime and biomass energy during the night. The improvement potential and sustainability index of dryer under solar drying have also been evaluated. The environmental impact analysis of the dryer has also been conducted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103527"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three-dimensional nonlinear Nishihara creep-Ubiquitous joint model considering high temperature effect","authors":"Haopeng Jiang , Wei Yin , Kun Zhang , Fengrui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to develop a damage model that can reflect the creep mechanical behavior of three-dimensional layered rocks under high temperature, a nonlinear Nishihara-Ubiquitous Joint three-dimensional creep damage model and its differential form considering high temperature load coupling damage for layered rocks were proposed and derived based on the traditional Nishihara model. And the rationality of the model was verified through existing high-temperature limestone creep tests. Finally, the model was used to simulate typical tunnel engineering and explore the changes in rock displacement and plastic zone with respect to bedding angle and time before and after damage. The research results indicate that the model can simulate the viscoelastic plastic mechanical properties of high-temperature layered rocks and follow the ubiquitous joint yield criterion. By comparing with experimental data, it was found that the proposed model can well express the three-stage creep behavior of high-temperature layered rocks, especially the accelerated creep stage. This model also reflects the influence of different bedding angles on the creep characteristics of rocks. For tunnel surrounding rock at the same joint angle, as the temperature and creep time increase, the range of creep deformation, plastic zone, and damage zone gradually increases. Meantime, there are certain differences in the creep deformation and plastic zone, showing significant anisotropy. This paper verifies the rationality and feasibility of the development model, which can provide reference for the long-term stability analysis of high-temperature underground rock structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103528"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amar S. Abdul-Zahra , Gazy F. Al-Sumaily , Hasanen M. Hussen , Mark C. Thompson , Hayder A. Dhahad
{"title":"Cooling of a discrete heat source inside a horizontal channel linked with a composite open-cavity or protrusion","authors":"Amar S. Abdul-Zahra , Gazy F. Al-Sumaily , Hasanen M. Hussen , Mark C. Thompson , Hayder A. Dhahad","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study is a numerical investigation of the influence of using improved channel-cavity or channel-protrusion architectures on the augmentation of convection heat transfer and pressure drop. The effect of cavity depth <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∈</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and protrusion height <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∈</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>75</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> are investigated at various Reynolds number <span><math><mrow><mtext>Re</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>40</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>100</mn></mrow></math></span> and Richardson number <span><math><mrow><mtext>Ri</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></math></span>. The governing equations are discretised and solved computationally employing the spectral-element method. The results show that the effect of the protrusion on the trend of Nusselt number is greater than the effect of the cavity. It is found that the existence of the cavity linked with the channel decreases substantially the heat transfer comparing with the smooth channel. However, the presence of the protrusion is found to increase significantly the heat transfer for all Reynolds and Richardson numbers. It is also found that in the channel-cavity flow, the pressure distribution along the channel is unaffected by the cavity height, excepting in the cavity zone. Nevertheless, the protrusion height increases significantly the pressure drop within the channel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103500"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Antonio Jimenez-Garcia , Daniel Aguilar-Torres , Guillermo Luque-Zuñiga , José Luis Camacho-Martínez , Omar Jiménez-Ramírez , Rubén Vázquez-Medina
{"title":"Evaluation of the efficiency and economic feasibility of an indirect solar dehydrator and its comparison with an affordable electric dehydrator","authors":"Juan Antonio Jimenez-Garcia , Daniel Aguilar-Torres , Guillermo Luque-Zuñiga , José Luis Camacho-Martínez , Omar Jiménez-Ramírez , Rubén Vázquez-Medina","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the development and effectiveness of an active-mode indirect solar dehydrator, comparing its performance and economic feasibility with that of a commercial electric dehydrator for dehydrating apples. The performance comparison focuses on dehydration time, final moisture content, and thermal efficiency. The solar dehydrator achieved 13% moisture content in 6 h, while the electric dehydrator took 9-13 h at various temperatures (40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C) to achieve similar results. The solar system also provided significant energy savings, up to 4.377 MWh at 40 °C and 10.946 MWh at 60 °C, over a 20-year lifespan. Despite its higher initial cost (12 times more than the electric dehydrator), the solar system proves more cost-effective in the long run due to lower operating and maintenance costs, particularly with a larger capacity dehydration chamber. Life cycle savings and payback period analysis showed a favorable payback period of 2.4 years for 150 days of operation per year, decreasing to 1.25 years for 260 days. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing operating conditions and system capacity for renewable energy-based food dehydration. This study highlights the need for continued innovation in cost-effective, energy-efficient, and sustainable food processing technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103505"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced model for prediction of heat generation in Li-ion pouch cells – A numerical and experimental study","authors":"Tuhin Maitra , Subham Mishra , Amit Patra , Anandaroop Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study proposes an Enhanced Newman, Tiedemann, Gu, and Kim (NTGK) model for prediction of the performance parameters of a battery cell viz. the terminal voltage, depth of discharge (DoD), admittance and heat generation rate as a function of the discharge rate and temperature over a wide range of 1C–5C and 273 K–313 K, respectively. The enhanced model offers a significant advantage over the existing NTGK model by incorporating a current (C-rate) dependent term in the formulation of admittance. The enhanced parameters are used as inputs in ANSYS Fluent in order to estimate the heat generation rates in an A123 LFP-based pouch Li-ion battery cell under different operating temperatures and discharge rates. A comprehensive experimental data set has been obtained through carefully conducted experiments in an environmental chamber with heat flux measurements using high accuracy sensors. The numerical predictions are found to be in excellent agreement with the experimentally measured data over the entire range of C-rates and temperature with a maximum error of 6 %. This enables a more robust and versatile predictive modeling tool that extends the applicability of the NTGK model to lower and higher C-rates as well as low temperatures where the admittance of a battery is known to be appreciably impacted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103503"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}