Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of parafoveal and peripapillary vascular densities using optical coherence tomography angiography in children with thalassemia major.","authors":"Mehmet Emin Dursun,&nbsp;Leyla Hazar,&nbsp;Mine Karahan,&nbsp;Seyfettin Erdem,&nbsp;Sedat Ava,&nbsp;Veysiye Hülya Üzel,&nbsp;Birgül Dursun,&nbsp;Uğur Keklikçi","doi":"10.1177/25158414231162846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414231162846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thalassemia major (TM) is an inherited anaemia caused by faulty haemoglobin synthesis. Reducing serum iron levels using iron chelating agents is an important step in the treatment of TM, and the effects on the eye of both the disease and these agents can be determined by regular eye examination.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We evaluated macular and optic nerve vascular densities in children with TM and compared the results with healthy controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a prospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 children with TM and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. The area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and the vascular densities (VD) of the optic nerve head (ONH), radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) and deep and superficial retinal vascular networks were measured using OCTA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant decrease in VD was observed in the whole image and the parafovea, superior hemi, superior and inferior parts of the superficial capillary plexus and in the whole image and the superior regions of the deep capillary plexus in the TM patient group compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A significant decrease in VD was also observed in the whole image and the inside disc, peripapillary, nasal, inferonasal and temporal regions of the ONH and in the whole image and the inside disc, peripapillary and inferonasal regions of the RPC network in patients with TM (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between both serum ferritin levels and deferasirox dosage, on one hand, and both the superficial (<i>p</i> = 0.023 and <i>p</i> = 0.002, respectively) and deep FAZs (<i>p</i> = 0.015 and <i>p</i> = 0.045, respectively), on the other hand. A negative correlation was also found between the deferasirox dosage and the VDs of the superficial (<i>p</i> = 0.010) and deep (<i>p</i> = 0.001) foveal plexuses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Retinal VD and FAZ are affected in patients with TM. OCTA, which can noninvasively measure retinal VD in patients with TM, may be a useful tool for the early detection of retinal microvascular changes that may occur during the course of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"15 ","pages":"25158414231162846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8c/a1/10.1177_25158414231162846.PMC10088408.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9310728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular biometry, anterior chamber morphometry, and their relationship with serum ferritin levels in children with beta thalassemia major.","authors":"Göksu Hande Naz Şimdivar,&nbsp;Tuğba Kurumoğlu Incekalan,&nbsp;Defne Ay Tuncel","doi":"10.1177/25158414231165824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414231165824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ocular biometry and anterior segment evaluations are important to determine ocular development and pathological changes, especially in thalassemia patients in Mediterranean countries such as Turkey.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to compare ocular biometry and anterior segment parameters in children with thalassemia major and healthy controls and to examine the relationship between ferritin levels, anthropometric measurements, and ocular parameters.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a prospective case-control study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The height, weight, body mass index, and occipitofrontal circumference values of the participants were recorded. Anterior and vitreous chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber volume, iridocorneal angle, pupil diameter, and mean keratometry were measured. Measurements were compared between patients and healthy children, and between patients with ferritin levels above and below 1000 ng/mL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 40 patients and 45 controls. Height, weight, and body mass index were significantly lower while ferritin level and occipitofrontal circumference were significantly higher in patients compared with the controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all). There were no statistically significant differences in the other ocular parameters (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In comparisons between patients with ferritin levels below (<i>n</i> = 15) and above 1000 ng/mL (<i>n</i> = 25), there were no significant differences in age, height, weight, body mass index, occipitofrontal circumference, or ocular parameters (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Occipitofrontal circumference and mean keratometry value were positively correlated in patients with ferritin levels below 1000 ng/mL (<i>r</i> = 0.573, <i>p</i> = 0.025), while body mass index was negatively correlated with pupil diameter in patients with ferritin levels above 1000 ng/mL (<i>r</i> = -0.469, <i>p</i> = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with thalassemia showed significant growth retardation and large occipitofrontal circumference but did not differ from controls in terms of biometrics and anterior segment morphology. Our results demonstrated a positive correlation between the occipitofrontal circumference and mean keratometry value in children with ferritin levels below 1000 ng/mL and a negative correlation between body mass index and pupil diameter in children with ferritin levels above 1000 ng/mL.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"15 ","pages":"25158414231165824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3c/21/10.1177_25158414231165824.PMC10126650.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9357084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional printing in ophthalmology and eye care: current applications and future developments.","authors":"Yazan Fakhoury, Abdallah Ellabban, Usama Attia, Ahmed Sallam, Samer Elsherbiny","doi":"10.1177/25158414221106682","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414221106682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional (3D) printing uses a process of adding material in a layer-by-layer fashion to form the end product. This technology is advancing rapidly and is being increasingly utilized in the medical field as it becomes more accessible and cost-effective. It has an increasingly important role in ophthalmology and eyecare as its current and potential applications are extensive and slowly evolving. Three-dimensional printing represents an important method of manufacturing customized products such as orbital implants, ocular prostheses, ophthalmic models, surgical instruments, spectacles and other gadgets. Surgical planning, simulation, training and teaching have all benefitted from this technology. Advances in bioprinting seem to be the future direction of 3D printing with possibilities of printing out viable ocular tissues such as corneas and retinas in the future. It is expected that more ophthalmologists and other clinicians will use this technology in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"14 ","pages":"25158414221106682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/34/9a/10.1177_25158414221106682.PMC9247992.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of retinal fluid in neovascular age-related macular degeneration under anti-VEGF therapy","authors":"G. Reiter, U. Schmidt-Erfurth","doi":"10.1177/25158414221083363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414221083363","url":null,"abstract":"The retinal world has been revolutionized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. The numbers of intravitreal injections are on a constant rise and management in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is mainly driven by the qualitative assessment of macular fluid as detected on OCT scans. The presence of macular fluid, particularly subretinal fluid (SRF) and intraretinal fluid (IRF), has been used to trigger re-treatments in clinical trials and the real world. However, large discrepancies can be found between the evaluations of different readers or experts and especially small amounts of macular fluid might be missed during this process. Pixel-wise detection of macular fluid uses an entire OCT volume to calculate exact volumes of retinal fluid. While manual annotations of such pixel-wise fluid detection are unfeasible in a clinical setting, artificial intelligence (AI) is able to overcome this hurdle by providing real-time results of macular fluid in different retinal compartments. Quantitative fluid assessments have been used for various post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials, providing novel insights into anti-VEGF treatment regimens. Nonetheless, the application of AI-algorithms in a prospective patient care setting is still limited. In this review, we discuss the use of quantitative fluid assessment in nAMD during anti-VEGF therapy and provide an outlook to novel forms of patient care with the support of AI quantifications.","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44633122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment results of nondamaging retinal laser therapy in diabetic macular edema.","authors":"Burcu P Gültekin","doi":"10.1177/25158414211063284","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414211063284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subthreshold nondamaging retinal laser therapy (NRT) provides a greater safety profile than conventional laser methods, but more data is needed on the efficacy and safety of subthreshold NRT in diabetic macular edema.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NRT for the treatment of clinically significant macular edema (CSME) that is partially responsive or resistant to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective case series study. Fifty eyes of 38 diabetic patients with CSME previously treated with at least 6-monthly intravitreal bevacizumab injections with/without intravitreal Ozurdex therapy were evaluated. The patients received 577-nm yellow wavelength laser therapy with PASCAL laser system (Topcon Medical Laser Systems, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) were evaluated before and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after laser treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline mean CST was 368.06 ± 86.9 µm. The mean CST values at the 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month visits were 336.93 ± 79.8, 352.40 ± 113.5, 336.36 ± 109.3, 325.10 ± 104 µm, and 310.08 ± 84.7 µm, respectively. The mean CST decreased significantly at the first (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and second year visits (<i>p</i> < 0.001) when compared with pretreatment values. Although visual acuity was improved at the first year compared with baseline, this difference was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.03). There was no significant difference in visual acuities between pretreatment and posttreatment visits. During 24-month follow-up, while 37 eyes were treated with [mean: 5.7 ± 3.4 (1-14)] intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, 3 eyes were administered single-dose intravitreal steroids. Additional intravitreal injections were not required in 10 (20%) eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NRT is effective by itself or in combination with anti-VEGF agents in diabetic macular edema that is partially responsive or resistant to previous intravitreal injections. T role in treating this disorder should be assessed in more detail with prospective controlled studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"14 ","pages":"25158414211063284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/c8/10.1177_25158414211063284.PMC8772017.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10268210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile and surgical outcome of pars plana vitrectomy in non-diabetic vitreous hemorrhage","authors":"R. Shrestha, R. Shah, Purushottam Joshi, S. Parajuli","doi":"10.1177/25158414221083366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414221083366","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage is one of the common causes of ocular emergency. There are very few prospective studies on the clinical profile and surgical outcomes for patients with dense vitreous hemorrhage caused by non-diabetic and non-traumatic till date to our knowledge. Objectives: This study was conducted to better understand the etiologies, clinical profile, surgical outcome, and visual prognosis following pars plana vitrectomy for dense vitreous hemorrhage in adults with non-traumatic and non-diabetic retinopathy. Design: This was a prospective interventional study. Methods: This study was conducted in Mechi Eye Hospital (Birtamod, Nepal) from October 2018 to September 2019. All consecutive cases, 46 eyes of 46 patients, with vitreous hemorrhage that underwent vitrectomy were included in our study. There were 14 (30.4%) female and 32 (69.6%) male patients, and the average age at presentation was 43.74 ± 16.19 (17–84) years. The success rate of surgery in terms of visual outcome was evaluated. Results: The most common cause of vitreous hemorrhage was retinal vasculitis with fibrovascular changes and vascular sheathing 19 (41%). The indication of vitrectomy on patient demand was 20 (43.5%). Success rate of surgery in terms of visual outcome (functional outcome) was defined as final visual acuity of >6/60 which was 86.9%. Conclusion: The most common cause of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage in our study was retinal vasculitis with fibrovascular changes and vascular sheathing. Vitrectomy has a good surgical outcome for spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage in terms of visual outcome (functional outcome) unless guarded by other factors like chorioretinal atrophy followed by optic atrophy and epiretinal membrane.","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42915952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular manifestations of COVID-19","authors":"Mashael Al-Namaeh","doi":"10.1177/25158414221083374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414221083374","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a disease caused by a SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, a disease that was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID-19, formerly known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease, was officially named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020. By 25 May 2021, there were 33,579,116 confirmed cases with 599,109 COVID-19 deaths worldwide. The purpose of this review article is to provide an update on what is currently known about COVID-19 ocular symptoms in adults, the elderly, and children in the literature. Finally, this article will review the eye protection precautions that should be implemented in our clinics. To assess the current literature, PubMed was searched from December 2019 to 25 May 2021. Randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case reports, letters of research, and letters to editors were selected for confirmed cases of COVID-19. According to current scientific literature since the outbreak in December 2019, 205 articles have been published. Conjunctivitis, conjunctival hyperemia, and chemosis have been reported in adults with COVID-19. There have been few studies on children and elderly patients, and further research in these age groups is needed. Finally, wearing eye protection when seeing patients on a daily basis during the pandemic is essential.","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45688464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular adverse effects of therapeutic biologics","authors":"H. V. Neves da Silva, J. Placide, Anne A Duong, Y. Ronquillo, S. McCabe, M. Moshirfar","doi":"10.1177/25158414211070878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414211070878","url":null,"abstract":"Biological drugs, termed biologics, are medications that contain or are derived from a living organism (human, animal, or microorganism). With new biological agents being approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) every year, clinicians need to know potential ocular adverse effects that are associated with these drugs. This review provides an overview of ocular adverse effects of biological medications used to treat both ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic diseases. We searched PubMed for relevant case reports, case series, reviews, and clinical trials reporting ocular adverse effects caused by biologics. This review was conducted in June 2021 and investigated the drugs listed in the most updated (April 2021) FDA Purple Book Database of Licensed Biological Products. This review focuses on monoclonal antibodies, interleukins, and receptor fusion proteins. We explore ocular side effects of 33 biological drugs, stating whether they are frequent, common, or rare.","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of laser peripheral iridotomy on contrast sensitivity using Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity test.","authors":"Parul Ichhpujani,&nbsp;Sahil Thakur,&nbsp;Tanu Singh,&nbsp;Rohan Bir Singh,&nbsp;Suresh Kumar","doi":"10.1177/25158414221078142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414221078142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is the current standard of care for primary angle-closure glaucoma. The existing literature lacks evidence regarding the effects of LPI on contrast sensitivity (CS) after the procedure.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluates central and peripheral CS in patients undergoing LPI using the computer-based, Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) test.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a pilot, prospective, interventional cohort study including 30 patients of primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) or primary angle closure (PAC) in both eyes. LPI was performed after a detailed history and clinical examination using standard procedure in all eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and CS testing using SPARCS was performed before, 2 weeks and 3 months after LPI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analyses revealed female predominance (66.67%, 20/30); the mean age of enrolled patients was 49.93 ± 10.43 years, and presenting acuity was 0.02 ± 0.06 (Log of Minimum Angle of Resolution [LogMAR]). The mean vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), mean deviation (MD in dB) and pattern standard deviation (PSD in dB) were 0.34 ± 0.09, -2.36 ± 1.72 and 2.34 ± 0.81, respectively. There was a statistically significant decrease between the pre- (15.17 ± 3.83 mmHg) and 2 weeks post-LPI (11.70 ± 1.53 mmHg) IOP (<i>p</i> < 0.001). However, CS in the pre- (73.47 ± 9.88) and 3 months post-LPI (75.20 ± 11.98) SPARCS scores did not reveal any statistical difference. The group-wise analysis showed a similar trend between PAC and PACS patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LPI does not affect central as well as peripheral CS assessment in patients with the primary angle-closure disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"14 ","pages":"25158414221078142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cf/b8/10.1177_25158414221078142.PMC8894935.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9322626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is perioperative blood pressure monitoring during intravitreal injections important?","authors":"Meri Debbarma, Piyush Kohli, R. Banushree, S. Sen, J. Kumar, Naresh Babu, K. Ramasamy","doi":"10.1177/25158414221090103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414221090103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections (IVIs) have proved to be a boon for patients suffering from several retinal pathologies. They are one of the most commonly performed procedures in ophthalmology. A perioperative rise in blood pressure (BP) has been noted during cataract surgery. Objectives: To evaluate the perioperative BP changes during IVI, and the associated risk factors. Design: Cross-sectional observational study Methods: The patients undergoing IVI from May 2019 to August 2019 were evaluated. All the patients underwent BP measurement before, during, and 1 h after the IVI. The correlation between the demographics and, the systemic comorbidities of the patients, and the ocular condition for which IVI was given was evaluated. Results: The study included 302 patients (mean age of 59.9 ± 10.7 years). The mean increase in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) at the time of injection was 25.7 ± 21.0 and 1.3 ± 13.4 mmHg, respectively. A ⩾ 10, ⩾ 20, ⩾ 30 mmHg increase in SBP at the time of injection was seen in 83.8% (n = 253), 69.5% (n = 210) and 49.0% (n = 148) patients, respectively. Forty-one (13.6%) patients developed intra-procedural hypertensive urgency, out of which six patients (14.6%) did not recover even after 1 h of the procedure. None of the patients experienced any cardiovascular events. The univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the change in intra-procedural SBP correlated positively with the age of the patient and negatively with the baseline SBP. Conclusion: There is a significant rise of SBP at the time of IVI, especially in patients with advanced age and high baseline SBP. Some of the patients can experience hypertensive urgency at the time of injection and may take more than 1 h to recover. The patients receiving IVI should undergo a detailed physician evaluation before the procedure.","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45959238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}