Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of ab-interno XEN 45 gel implantation versus trabeculectomy for glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Muhammad Imaz Bhatti, Maria Qadri, Ariba Asif, Sana Iftikhar, Muhammad Safiullah, Erum Habib, Husam Abu Dawood, Hashem Abu Serhan","doi":"10.1177/25158414261472730","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414261472730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trabeculectomy remains the standard surgical treatment for glaucoma, but is associated with postoperative complications. XEN gel stent implantation has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative, though comparative evidence regarding its efficacy and safety remains inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the efficacy and safety of ab-interno XEN 45 gel stent implantation versus trabeculectomy in patients with glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources and methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify studies comparing the XEN Gel Stent with trabeculectomy. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies comprising 1260 eyes (645 XEN, 615 trabeculectomy) were included. Trabeculectomy achieved significantly greater intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction (MD: -2.16 mmHg (95% CI: -2.88 to -1.44); <i>I</i> ² = 43%) and higher qualified (OR: 1.59 (95% CI: 1.18 to 2.14); <i>I</i> ² = 0%) and complete surgical success rates (OR: 1.72 (95% CI: 1.16 to 2.56); <i>I</i> ² = 43%). No significant difference was observed in the number of antiglaucoma medications (MD: -0.03 (95% CI: -0.23 to 0.18); <i>I</i> ² = 53%). Rates of hyphema, choroidal detachment, hypotony, flat anterior chamber, bleb revision, and reoperation showed no statistically significant differences between procedures, although substantial heterogeneity was observed for hyphema (<i>I</i> ² = 60%), hypotony (<i>I</i> ² = 76%), and reoperation (<i>I</i> ² = 53%). XEN demonstrated significantly lower risks of bleb leakage and endophthalmitis but higher rates of bleb needling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trabeculectomy achieves greater intraocular pressure reduction and higher surgical success rates than ab-interno XEN45 gel stent implantation, whereas XEN is associated with lower rates of selected bleb-related complications. Procedure selection should be individualized according to target intraocular pressure, glaucoma severity, and postoperative management requirements.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO (CRD420251075034).</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"18 ","pages":"25158414261472730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13424515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior segment alterations in keratoconus patients: an updated comprehensive review.","authors":"Marrwan Hisham Mohmmed, Renato Ambrósio, Khosrow Jadidi, Hesam Hashemian, Foroozan Narooie-Noori, Shehzad A Naroo, Masoud Khorrami-Nejad","doi":"10.1177/25158414261462809","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414261462809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keratoconus (KC) has traditionally been classified as a progressive anterior segment disorder, primarily affecting the cornea. However, emerging evidence from advanced imaging modalities-such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, and enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT)-has revealed a broader spectrum of ocular involvement, including significant alterations in the posterior segment. This narrative review explores the structural and vascular changes observed in the retina, choroid, macula, and optic nerve head in KC patients, drawing on findings from more than 40 peer-reviewed studies. Retinal thickening, particularly in the central and parafoveal regions, has been consistently reported, with some studies suggesting a correlation between retinal morphology and disease severity. Vascular density reductions, especially in the superficial capillary plexus and radial peripapillary capillaries, have also been documented, suggesting microvascular compromise potentially associated with KC progression. Choroidal thickness appears to be increased in both pediatric and adult populations, with some evidence linking these changes to disease stage and systemic factors such as atopy. Although findings on macular thickness are more variable, patterns of thickening in early disease and thinning in advanced stages have been observed. Alterations in optic nerve head morphology and retinal nerve fiber layer parameters have also been noted, particularly in advanced or post-surgical cases. Taken together, these posterior segment changes challenge the traditional anterior-centric view of KC and suggest a more systemic ocular remodeling process. Understanding these alterations may enhance disease staging, prognostication, and personalized management strategies. While current evidence supports the clinical relevance of posterior segment evaluation in KC, further longitudinal studies with standardized imaging protocols are needed to clarify causality, functional implications, and potential therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"18 ","pages":"25158414261462809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13424498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering corneal stability and causal attribution following surgery for extraocular disorders.","authors":"Noor Un Nisa, Fatima Khalid","doi":"10.1177/25158414261471366","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414261471366","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"18 ","pages":"25158414261471366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitory vitreous opacities after CB-PRP intravitreal injections in dry AMD patients.","authors":"Claudia Fossataro, Maria Cristina Savastano, Mattia Cusato, Valentina Cestrone, Francesco Mottola, Lorenzo Hu, Giorgia Campaniello, Gianmarco Oreste, Federico Giannuzzi, Emanuele Maiola, Giulia Mastropietro, Alfonso Savastano, Caterina Giovanna Valentini, Claudio Pellegrino, Luciana Teofili, Stanislao Rizzo","doi":"10.1177/25158414261462410","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414261462410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dry age-related macular degeneration currently lacks effective treatments for geographic atrophy. Cord blood platelet-rich (CB-PRP) plasma intravitreal injections are a novel therapy under investigation with promising ad interim results.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the safety profile of cord blood platelet-rich plasma intravitreal injections (IVIs) in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This prospective, randomized, sham-controlled, open-label experimental trial evaluated the safety of repeated intravitreal CB-PRP injections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study, conducted from January 2023 to January 2025, investigated the safety and efficacy of CB-PRP IVIs to slow down the progression of geographic atrophy (GA). One eye of each patient was randomly assigned to the monthly, every other month, or every 3 months arm and received 0.05 mL CB-PRP, while the other eye underwent only a sham injection. Complete ophthalmological evaluations were performed at baseline, 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow-ups. In addition, slit-lamp and fundus examinations were performed the day after the injection to exclude any adverse effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a total of 328 intravitreal injections, vitreous opacities were observed in the absence of other signs of infection or inflammation only in three cases. All of them showed progressive improvement without treatment, and complete recovery was observed within 2 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the pathogenesis of the detected vitreous thickening was not completely clear, the most likely hypothesis was the coexistence of a slightly lower temperature of the CB-PRP sample and individual factors. This mild adverse event occurred only once in each patient involved, with no recurrence during subsequent intravitreal injections. The occurrence of this self-limiting finding after CB-PRP IVIs has not invalidated the safety profile of the procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"18 ","pages":"25158414261462410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13369388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148456887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond snapshots: the imperative for temporal and contextual integration in multimodal LLMs for retinal diagnostics.","authors":"Labishetty Sai Charan, M Vijayasimha, Tara Rani","doi":"10.1177/25158414261465584","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414261465584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"18 ","pages":"25158414261465584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13338545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plain language summary of publication of the 96-week results from the PHOTON study: intravitreal aflibercept 8 mg for diabetic macular edema.","authors":"Diana V Do, Charles C Wykoff, Sobha Sivaprasad, David M Brown, David S Boyer, Taiji Sakamoto, Peter Win, Sunir Joshi, Hani Salehi-Had, András Seres, Sergio Leal, Robert Vitti, Karen W Chu, Kimberly Reed, Yenchieh Cheng, Rafia Bhore, Zhanying Bai, Ursula Schmidt-Ott, Thomas Schmelter, Andrea Schulze, Zoran Hasanbasic, Peter J Morgan-Warren, Xin Zhang, Alyson J Berliner","doi":"10.1177/25158414261459529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158414261459529","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is this summary about? This is a summary of a publication about the 2-year (96-week) results from the PHOTON study, which was published in &lt;i&gt;Ophthalmology&lt;/i&gt;. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss in people with diabetes. In people with diabetes, leaky blood vessels in the retina can lead to swelling (known as edema) in the macula, the area of the retina at the back of the eye that is responsible for sharp vision. Swelling of the macula can cause blurred vision and vision loss. The main cause of leakiness in blood vessels is over-production of a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Anti-VEGF medicines can block VEGF to prevent the development of leaky blood vessels and edema. These medicines are injected into the eye and may need to be given regularly to maintain good vision. Some people find it difficult to attend all the injection appointments that may be necessary to maintain good vision. Aflibercept is an anti-VEGF medicine that has been approved for the treatment of people with DME. After 5 initial monthly injections of aflibercept 2 mg, the recommended injection schedule is every 4-8 weeks. The objective of the PHOTON study was to find out whether a higher dose of aflibercept (8 mg), injected every 12 or 16 weeks after 3 initial monthly injections, was as effective as aflibercept 2 mg injected every 8 weeks after 5 initial monthly injections. A previous report from the PHOTON study showed that aflibercept 8 mg provided a similar level of improvement in vision to aflibercept 2 mg after 1 year (48 weeks) in people with DME. People who received aflibercept 8 mg received fewer and less frequent eye injections than those who received aflibercept 2 mg. What were the results? After 96 weeks, study participants who received aflibercept 8 mg every 12 weeks or longer following 3 initial monthly injections maintained similar improvements in vision, with fewer injections, compared to those treated with aflibercept 2 mg every 8 weeks following 5 initial monthly injections. During the 96-week study, study participants could receive aflibercept 8-mg injections more or less frequently than the schedule they were assigned depending on whether DME was worsening or improving. More than 80% of participants who were given aflibercept 8 mg and completed the study through 96 weeks kept receiving injections at least every 12 weeks without needing more frequent injections.At Week 96, almost half of the participants receiving aflibercept 8-mg treatment qualified for dosing intervals of at least 20 weeks, and around one-quarter were able to have their aflibercept 8-mg dosing interval extended to every 24 weeks. Adverse events in participants who received aflibercept 8 mg were similar to those in participants who received aflibercept 2 mg through 96 weeks. What do the results mean? These findings show that aflibercept 8 mg provided a similar level of improvement in vision to aflibercept 2 mg in people with DME","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"18 ","pages":"25158414261459529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plain language summary of a study testing a new drug (BI 764524) for diabetic macular ischemia.","authors":"Chirag Jhaveri, Daniel Newman, Khaled Nassar","doi":"10.1177/25158414261451676","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414261451676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What is this summary about? This paper describes the results of a clinical trial called HORNBILL that were published in a scientific journal called Ophthalmology Science. In HORNBILL, researchers looked at a new drug called BI 764524 in the treatment of diabetic macular ischemia (DMI). DMI is a condition that affects people living with diabetes. For people living with DMI, there is reduced blood flow in the center of the retina (an area at the back of the eye that changes light into signals to allow people to see). Reduced blood flow means that the retina does not function correctly and vision can get worse. There are no available treatments for people with DMI, so it is important that research is carried out to find possible new drugs. BI 764524 was injected into the eyes of 33 people with DMI. This paper describes whether there were any safety-related events that might stop BI 764524 being tested in more trials and if it helped people in the trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"18 ","pages":"25158414261451676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13309641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic efficacy of cenegermin in the management of neurotrophic keratitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Zainudheen Faroog, Abdul Rehman Zia Zaidi, Sehar Tejani","doi":"10.1177/25158414261460347","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414261460347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) is a rare, degenerative disease of the cornea that arises from impaired trigeminal nerve innervation. The condition leads to progressive corneal anesthesia, epithelial breakdown, ulceration, and potential perforation. Cenegermin, a recombinant form of human nerve growth factor, is the first pharmacotherapy approved for this indication and operates through a disease-modifying mechanism that promotes corneal nerve regeneration.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of topical cenegermin (20 mcg/mL) compared with vehicle in adults with moderate to severe NK (Mackie classification stage 2 or 3) by quantitatively synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.</p><p><strong>Data sources and methods: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception through February 2026. Two double-masked, vehicle-controlled RCTs (the REPARO trial and the NGF0214 trial) enrolling 148 adults were included. Data were pooled using random-effects models (DerSimonian-Laird) and reported as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk differences (RDs) and the number needed to treat (NNT) were also computed. Certainty of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cenegermin substantially increased the probability of complete corneal healing at 8 weeks, with a pooled RR of 1.84 (95% CI 1.34-2.52; <i>z</i> = 3.8; <i>p</i> = 0.0001) and minimal between-study heterogeneity (I-squared = 0%; tau-squared = 0.00). The model-based pooled RD was 0.42 (95% CI 0.24-0.60), yielding an NNT of 3 (95% CI 2-5). The crude pooled event rates were 72.6% in the cenegermin group versus 38.7% in the vehicle group. Regarding safety, the pooled RR for any adverse event was 1.07 (95% CI 0.64-1.78; <i>p</i> = 0.80), showing no significant difference between groups. The overall certainty of evidence was rated as moderate for both outcomes under the GRADE framework.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cenegermin is an effective and well-tolerated, disease-modifying therapy for moderate to severe NK. It nearly doubles the likelihood of complete corneal healing and represents an important addition to the therapeutic options available for this debilitating condition. Larger, independently funded trials with longer follow-up are warranted to confirm these findings and to establish its position within the treatment algorithm.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD420251103148.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"18 ","pages":"25158414261460347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13305801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of an educational podcast on emotional wellbeing and attitudes towards Charles Bonnet syndrome hallucinations.","authors":"Bethany E Higgins, Deanna J Taylor, Sonali Dave, Sarah Sowerby, David P Crabb, Tamsin Callaghan","doi":"10.1177/25158414261446576","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414261446576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is characterised by visual hallucinations in individuals with visual impairment, which can negatively impact emotional wellbeing. Educational interventions may help improve understanding and coping.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated whether an educational podcast on CBS could enhance emotional wellbeing and promote more positive attitudes toward hallucinations.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Pre-post exploratory study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were recruited via charities and social media as part of a larger study on the psychosocial impact of CBS. A baseline survey collected data on CBS symptom characteristics, the perceived impact of hallucinations (rated on a 5-point Likert scale from very negative to very pleasant) and level of negative affect (negative emotional wellbeing), assessed by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Participants then engaged with an educational podcast about CBS over a 3-week period. A follow-up survey assessed changes in emotional wellbeing, attitudes toward hallucinations, and symptom perception.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-four individuals with CBS (76% female; 70% aged >65 years) received the podcast. After the podcast intervention, 22 participants (41%) reported a less negative impact of CBS on their lives. There was a statistically significant improvement in perceived CBS impact (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and a statistically significant reduction in negative emotional wellbeing (<i>p</i> = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The educational podcast intervention was associated with improved emotional wellbeing, reflected in statistically significantly reduced negative affect and a decreased perceived burden of CBS. These findings suggest that educational podcasts may serve as a valuable tool for supporting the emotional health of individuals with CBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"18 ","pages":"25158414261446576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13242589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148206206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women in vision networks: narrowing the global gender gap in academia.","authors":"Louise Terry, Bethany E Higgins, Dillys A D Amega, Enyam K A Morny, Lindsay Rountree","doi":"10.1177/25158414261451672","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25158414261451672","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23054,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology","volume":"18 ","pages":"25158414261451672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13231041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}