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Geopolitical competition of global powers during the COVID-19 pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行期间全球大国地缘政治竞争
Przegląd europejski Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.9
Diana Mykhailova-Kacimi
{"title":"Geopolitical competition of global powers during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Diana Mykhailova-Kacimi","doi":"10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.9","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the fact that the classical concept of geopolitics was first formed by Rudolf Kjellén in the early 20th century, modern experts in international relations still discuss the feasibility and relevance of these classical methods in today’s conditions. The academic debate revolves around new methods of geopolitical struggle in the foreign policy of the states in the international arena. Geographical features take a back seat, and economic, military, technological and informational factors come to the fore. The article’s aim is to analyse the impact of geopolitical competition of world leaders during the COVID-19 crisis. The author demonstrates the tendency of aggravation of geopolitical competition between the so-called Collective West and Chinese–Russian alliance. The degree of intensity of geopolitical competition poses a threat to the security and stability of the EU. To discuss the geopolitical competition, it is proposed to include the following issues: the main actors of geopolitical competition, the key methods of this competitiveness and their evolution under the coronavirus pandemic.","PeriodicalId":229183,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd europejski","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134436718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EU external energy policy: the case of Azerbaijan 欧盟对外能源政策:以阿塞拜疆为例
Przegląd europejski Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.4
V. Butenko
{"title":"EU external energy policy: the case of Azerbaijan","authors":"V. Butenko","doi":"10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article’s aim is to identify the features of EU external energy policy. The author analyses the evolution of EU energy policy and ongoing energy transition, using the primary and secondary legislation and scientific literature. Particular attention is paid to the European Green Deal, which affects EU energy relations with third countries. Azerbaijan was chosen as the case of analysis, because this country is the one of important suppliers of the natural gas to the European Union. The author concludes that the Europeanisation of Azerbaijan through mechanisms of conditionality and externalisation is beneficial to both the EU and Azerbaijan, and this, in turn, will push Azerbaijan to follow the European Green Deal.","PeriodicalId":229183,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd europejski","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116425106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
NGOs’ development in Ukraine and Georgia: social and political dimensions 非政府组织在乌克兰和格鲁吉亚的发展:社会和政治层面
Przegląd europejski Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.11
A. Yatsenko, I. Tkeshelashvili, I. Hurak
{"title":"NGOs’ development in Ukraine and Georgia: social and political dimensions","authors":"A. Yatsenko, I. Tkeshelashvili, I. Hurak","doi":"10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article’s aim is to analyse the role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and their crucial ability of activeness under critical circumstances such as the transformation of a state. Starting in the 1990s, the studies were mainly focused on NGOs’ role as development actors in social and institutional formations. New research makes particular accents on their role in political and social discourses both in Georgia and Ukraine, which enriches the science with new empirical material related to the involvement of civil society organisations (CSOs) in the state progress and legislation processes. This article is an attempt to provide an argument for moving forward research on NGOs/CSOs within political science and international relations via comparing the institutional involvement of NGOs in two development-oriented countries – Georgia and Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":229183,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd europejski","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126481123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forecasting medium-term natural gas demand for the European Union 预测欧盟中期天然气需求
Przegląd europejski Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.5
Tomasz Chrulski
{"title":"Forecasting medium-term natural gas demand for the European Union","authors":"Tomasz Chrulski","doi":"10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.5","url":null,"abstract":"The European Commission proposed to increase the greenhouse gas emission reduction target to at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 level. The aim of this article is to visualise the EU natural gas consumption trend until 2023 regarding to energy transformation. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA method) is used in this study. The analysis is based on historical volumes of natural gas consumed in 2016–2020 in 28 European Union countries. An effort can be made to state that the next coming months will have a slight increase in natural gas consumption, however, the growth will depend on the pace of the economies and the pace of the energy transition.","PeriodicalId":229183,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd europejski","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126588815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Partnership and Cooperation Agreements and the European Union's energy security in the context of Central Asia 《伙伴关系与合作协定》与欧盟在中亚的能源安全
Przegląd europejski Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.6
Erwin Metera
{"title":"Partnership and Cooperation Agreements and the European Union's energy security in the context of Central Asia","authors":"Erwin Metera","doi":"10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.6","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a qualitative research with the aim of analysing and prognosing the future of relations between the European Union and hydrocarbon exporting countries in Central Asia, based on bilateral Partnership and Cooperation Agreements. The results of analysis, set within the broader geopolitical competition for influence in the region, distinguishes Turkmenistan's significant role as both potentially important state for the future of the EU's energy security, as well as the greatest challenge in building relations with the states of the region in a framework that requires a common axiological foundation.","PeriodicalId":229183,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd europejski","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115300350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Armenia in a Triangle of Great Power Management: Regional competition on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 大国管理三角中的亚美尼亚:纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫冲突的区域竞争
Przegląd europejski Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.10
H. Voskanyan
{"title":"Armenia in a Triangle of Great Power Management: Regional competition on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict","authors":"H. Voskanyan","doi":"10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.22.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to examine the foreign policy approaches and interests of three regional powers – Iran, Russia and Turkey before the Second Karabakh war in 2020. The study argues that dissatisfaction with the results of the conflict, forced these countries to further advance their interests in the region through cooperation and regional influence by soft power rather than waging an unpredictable geopolitical confrontation. The study is based on the methods of foreign policy analysis and comparative analysis of political discourse of the three regional powers in application to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict using the Great Power Management (GPM) approach of the English School of International Relations. The study puts forward the idea that the predominance of the national interests of Russia, Turkey and Iran, disguised with ideational concepts in the framework of the GPM is fundamentally different from the principles of multilateralism, driven by the European Union and the West within the liberal paradigm of resolving the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.","PeriodicalId":229183,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd europejski","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121548033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The necessity of a modern approach to criminal investigation of organized crime 有组织犯罪刑事侦查的现代方法的必要性
Przegląd europejski Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.3
Azra Jamaković
{"title":"The necessity of a modern approach to criminal investigation of organized crime","authors":"Azra Jamaković","doi":"10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.3","url":null,"abstract":"Since organized and other forms of crime are liable to change, modernisation and adaptation to specific social conditions, this phenomenon also requires some changes, but this time in the approach used in its detection, prevention, or proof. The primary reason for the selection of this topic is to draw the attention of the scientific society to the importance of expanding existing scientific and professional knowledge in the field of the criminal investigation of organized crime. Continuous and accelerated development of organized crime should be accompanied by the simultaneous development and improvement of tactical approaches to the investigation of this socially negative phenomenon. This article is primarily aimed at pointing out the importance of continuous improvement of traditional, classical, or methods in use, but also the development of new and modern activities that are used to combat organized crime. In addition to the conceptual definition and presentation of the elements that characterise organized crime, the author emphasises the importance of modernisation or improvement of the traditional investigation approach and presents a significant contemporary approach in the criminal investigation of organized crime. There is no success and progress in combating organized crime without proactive investigation, modern technologies, intelligence gathering, and special investigative measures. It should be noted that organized crime in most cases expands its activities to two or more countries, i.e., achieves cross-border activities that require international cooperation (criminal, police, inter-agency). The value of international police cooperation is also reflected in the fact that organized crime operates across national boundaries, does not choose society or state. Accordingly, it would be much more effective for judicial, police, and other competent authorities to remove any kind of obstacles, barriers and raise up international co-operation to the highest level, to establish an effective system for combating organized crime.","PeriodicalId":229183,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd europejski","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128585200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EU-Africa Relations: looking through a gender lens 欧盟与非洲关系:透过性别视角看问题
Przegląd europejski Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.6
Anna Cichecka
{"title":"EU-Africa Relations: looking through a gender lens","authors":"Anna Cichecka","doi":"10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.6","url":null,"abstract":"The expiry of the Cotonou Agreement encourages European states to change their approach towards African countries. Efforts undertaken by the European Union may end the relationship based on dependency and may open access to a more equal partnership with common interest at the centre. The consequences of the ongoing negotiations between the EU and Africa constitute important determinants for shaping economic, political and social relations in the coming years, and therefore deserve special attention. The results of this discussion will be also crucial to women’s status and gender concepts. Accordingly, the main aim of this article is to evaluate gender initiatives undertaken between the EU and Africa in selected aspects of their cooperation, with particular emphasis on the ongoing negotiations. The article has been elaborated on the basis of gender-sensitive analysis, that is also called a gender-lens perspective. Firstly, this article presents an overview of the evolution of gender agenda in institutional and legal framework of cooperation between Europe and Africa. Secondly, this text refers to the agreements and disagreements over gender agenda during the ongoing negotiations. And the last part of the article are conclusions. The research is based on the following methods and tools: critical analysis of existing sources (desk research); content analysis of subject literature, press releases and the information published by the European Union and African Union; as well as the field research and interviews that the author has conducted with representatives of the non-governmental organisations in Tanzania. The field research was funded by a grant from the National Science Centre – PRELUDIUM 9, number: 2015/17/N/HS5/00408.","PeriodicalId":229183,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd europejski","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131564206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Release the bots of war: social media and Artificial Intelligence as international cyber attack 释放战争机器人:社交媒体和人工智能作为国际网络攻击
Przegląd europejski Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.10
Jasper Schellekens
{"title":"Release the bots of war: social media and Artificial Intelligence as international cyber attack","authors":"Jasper Schellekens","doi":"10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.10","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of conducting attacks on critical infrastructure of States prompted a re-evaluation of the jus ad bellum in cyberspace and the drafting of the Tallinn Manual at the behest of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence. Artificial intelligence combined with the use of social media platforms that have access to large audience has opened a new avenue of international dynamics, posing a potential threat to the political independence of states. This article presents the analogy in the use of algorithmic targeting misinformation and influence campaigns and cyber attacks, as well as examines the roles of the various actors in the international sphere with a view on understanding what actions, if any, nations can undertake to counter these threats to their political independence under international law.","PeriodicalId":229183,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd europejski","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132710911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Criminal law of Bosnia and Herzegovina on human trafficking 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那关于贩运人口的刑法
Przegląd europejski Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.4
Damir Bilić
{"title":"Criminal law of Bosnia and Herzegovina on human trafficking","authors":"Damir Bilić","doi":"10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.21.4","url":null,"abstract":"The author of this article explores the question, what is human trafficking. In order to answer this question, definitions of human trafficking are examined, as well as the causes, types of trafficking, recruitment strategies, and the significant problems in conquering human trafficking internationally. Trafficking in human beings affects all regions and most countries of the world. According to official data, Bosnia and Herzegovina is a transit country, but certain reports indicate that it is becoming a country of origin and destination. In order to exemplify the issue of human trafficking on the concrete case study, there is further exploration of how the law of Bosnia and Herzegovina defines it, and how approachs to this problem. Taking into account the increase of human trafficking in the world, especially among countries in transition, it is extremely important to find effective solutions for the prevention of such cross-border criminal activity.","PeriodicalId":229183,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd europejski","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121742233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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