The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The effect of tropical cyclone on cognitive function in older adults: A longitudinal study from Thailand","authors":"Jin Ke, Fei Sun, Phatchanun Vivarakanon","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf169","url":null,"abstract":"Background In the context of climate change, tropical cyclones (TCs) pose an escalating threat to human health. This study examined the effects of TCs on cognitive function of older adults in Thailand and explored underlying mechanisms. Methods Data came from two sources: the Health, Aging and Retirement in Thailand (HART) survey and Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT). The two datasets were matched to estimate the short- and long-term effects of TC exposure on cognition using fixed-effects model. Cognition of older adults was assessed along three dimensions: memory, calculation, and time orientation. Depression, hypertension, and social isolation were examined as potential underlying mechanisms. Results Analyses found that exposure to TCs had a persistent negative effect on the calculation dimension, while its effects on memory and time orientation were minimal or short-lived. Specifically, exposed individuals had significantly lower calculation scores compared to unexposed individuals on the day of exposure, and this negative effect persisted for up to four years. An increased likelihood of depression, exacerbation of existing hypertension, and reduced engagement in social activities were found to help explain the effects of TCs on cognition. Conclusions The study provided evidence of the detrimental effects of TCs on specific cognitive domains in older adults, identifying depression, exacerbation of hypertension, and social isolation identified as underlying mechanisms. The findings underscored the need for further research on the cognitive impact of TCs in the aging population, and the development of practice and policy interventions to mitigate these effects.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Multimorbidity, Health Expectancy and Survival in Middle Aged and Older Individuals","authors":"Elisa Fabbri, Julián Candia, Toshiko Tanaka, Ann Zenobia Moore, Paolo Muratori, Agar Brugiavini, Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga, Davide L Vetrano, Laura Fratiglioni, Eileen Crimmins, Jessica Faul, Kenneth M Langa, David Weir, Luigi Ferrucci","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf164","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Life expectancy has increased, but such increase has disproportionally expanded the period of life with diseases. Whether expanding health expectancy (HE), defined as years of life free of chronic diseases, could also affect rate of multimorbidity accumulation is uncertain. Objective: to investigate the dynamic relationship between HE and rate of multimorbidity accumulation and their impact on survival. Methods 4274 (3511 > 50 years) participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), healthy at baseline and developing at least one disease overtime were included. Mean baseline age was 55.1 years and average follow-up was 9.4 years. Multimorbidity was operationalized as count of diagnosed diseases from a list of nine chronic conditions. HE was operationalized as years from birth until when the first disease was ascertained, and percentage of life in good health calculated as percentage of life lived free of chronic diseases. Mixed models investigated the association between HE and rate of multimorbidity accumulation, while survival analyses evaluated association with time to death. Results HE were positively associated with multimorbidity rate (P<.001). Shorter HE and faster multimorbidity rate were independently associated with higher mortality (P<.001). Their interaction was negatively associated with mortality (P<.001). Results were confirmed restricting the analysis to individuals 51 or older and using HRS specific weights. Individuals with longer HE experienced a greater survival, almost regardless of multimorbidity rate, while a positive gradient was found in percentage of life in good health linked to multimorbidity rate. Discussion Expanding health expectancy is likely followed by compression of morbidity.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Finger Exercise on Falls, Balance, Gait, Quality of Life, and Depressive Symptoms Among Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Shujuan Liao, Rui Feng, Yue He, Biru Luo, Yuan Li, Siqi Xiong, Xuan Chen, Anqi Xiong, Yan Huang, Jianghong Liu","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf170","url":null,"abstract":"Background Finger exercise, a practice involving specific, coordinated finger and hand movements designed to stimulate acupoints, meridians, and jing-well points, offers a promising non-pharmacological strategy for health management in aging populations. However, its broader health benefits and underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. We aimed to evaluate the effects of finger exercise on falls, balance, gait, quality of life, and depressive symptoms in older adults. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 284 participants were randomized to an intervention group (n = 142), performing 20-minute finger exercise sessions twice daily for two months, or a control group (n = 142) receiving no intervention. Primary outcomes included falls (tracked weekly), balance, and gait (assessed by POMA). Secondary outcomes included quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and salivary biomarkers. Group differences were analyzed using Zero-inflated Poisson regression for fall counts, ordinal logistic regression for the percentage of fallers, and linear regression for continuous variables. Results Among 276 completers (140 intervention; 136 control), the intervention group had fewer falls (25 vs.63 events), better balance (mean±SD: 13.4 ± 1.9vs.12.5 ± 2.3), gait (10.5 ± 2.5vs.9.6 ± 3.0), higher physical (52.3 ± 9.0vs.48.0 ± 8.0), psychological (57.5 ± 8.5vs.53.1 ± 8.4), and social (60.2 ± 11.5vs.46.1 ± 9.9) quality of life scores, fewer depressive symptoms (3.4 ± 1.8vs.4.6 ± 1.7), and higher BDNF levels (5.5 ± 1.9vs.4.3 ± 1.8), with all differences statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions Finger exercise showed potential to reduce fall risk and improve quality of life and depressive symptoms, possibly by altering physiological markers such as BDNF levels. Further research is needed to confirm these findings, explore underlying mechanisms, and assess long-term impacts of this intervention in diverse older populations. Trial registration chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2300071223.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Air Pollution on Cognitive Function in Middle-aged and Older Population: The Role of Healthy Lifestyle and Socioeconomic Factors.","authors":"Zhengqi Wei,Keke Wei,Ming Ying,Shanna Meng,Jingjing Li,Junqing Sun,Lei Zhang,Na Wang","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf167","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAir pollution is a potentially modifiable risk factor for Cognitive impairment (CoI). Therefore, it is necessary to explore factors that can mitigate the impact of air pollution on the cognitive function of middle-aged and older population (MAOP).METHODSTo investigate the impact of single and combined exposure to air pollutants on the cognitive abilities of MAOP, and to explore the role of healthy lifestyle (HL) and socioeconomic factors, the Generalized Linear Model, Weighted Quantile Sum Regression model, and Restricted Cubic Splines model were jointly applied to explore the impact of air pollutant exposure on the cognitive abilities of the MAOP. Causal mediation effect model and moderation effect models are used to investigate the roles of HL, medical and health level (MHL), and digital economy (DE).RESULTSWe found that both single and mixed exposures to air pollutants (excluding O3) lead to a decline in cognitive function in the MAOP. Improvements in HL, MHL, and DE result in increased cognitive scores and reduced CoI risk in the MAOP, and all can mitigate the negative impact of air pollution on cognitive function. HL has a significant mediating effect in the relationship between air pollutant exposure and cognitive function in the MAOP.CONCLUSIONIncreased exposure to air pollutants is associated with a decline in cognitive abilities and an increased CoI risk in the MAOP. HL, MHL and DE could alleviate the adverse effects of air pollution on cognitive function in the MAOP.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex as a major determinant of pro-longevity drug efficacy: a review of two decades of the NIA Interventions Testing Program.","authors":"Nisi Jiang,Ziying Xu,Shangang Zhao,Jonathan Gelfond,Randy Strong,James F Nelson","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf138","url":null,"abstract":"Aging is the primary risk factor for frailty, sarcopenia, and functional decline, as well as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Gaining insight into the biological mechanisms of aging could lead to interventions that broadly reduce age-related morbidity and mortality. To identify interventions that extend lifespan and delay aging, the National Institute on Aging launched the Interventions Testing Program (ITP) in 2004. This multi-site effort uses genetically heterogeneous UM-HET3 mice to evaluate the effects of candidate compounds. Over the past two decades, the ITP has tested 54 agents in more than 30, 000 mice. This is the first comprehensive review of the program's results, with particular emphasis on a striking pattern of sex-specific responses. By presenting the full scope of the findings, readers can better understand the overall impact of the program and easily access detailed information on specific drugs of interest. Notably, most compounds that extended lifespan were effective primarily or exclusively in male mice. Dosage and age of treatment onset influenced efficacy and were also sexually dimorphic. These sex differences suggest that mechanisms of aging are sexually dimorphic and highlight the importance of recognizing biological sex as a modifier of treatment efficacy. Investigating the basis for these differences should enable more targeted and effective geroprotective strategies for both sexes.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity mediates age differences in cognition among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists.","authors":"Phoebe Imms,Nikhil N Chaudhari,Daniel Cummings,Daniel Eid Rodriguez,Guiseppe Barisano,Paul L Hooper,M Katherine Sayre,Edmond Seabright,Randall C Thompson,M Linda Sutherland,James D Sutherland,Benjamin C Trumble,Michael Gurven,Jonathan Stieglitz,Caleb E Finch,Hillard S Kaplan,Wendy J Mack,Margaret Gatz,Andrei Irimia","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf163","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe Tsimane and Moseten of the Bolivian Amazon are highly physically active and exhibit low rates of cognitive impairment and brain atrophy.METHODSWe use structural equation modelling to examine how their physical activity levels mediate the relationship between a) age and cognition, and b) age and cognition via brain volume (BV).RESULTSTsimane males (n = 305, mean ± SD age = 59.94 ± 9.68) and Tsimane females (n = 265, mean ± SD age = 59.28 ± 9.79) exhibit significantly higher levels of physical activity than Moseten males (n = 106, mean ± SD age = 58.15 ± 9.93) and Moseten females (n = 96, mean ± SD age = 56.63 ± 9.69). Physical activity significantly mediates the relationship between age and cognition in Tsimane males (indirect effect estimate β = -0.01, p < .01) and Tsimane females (indirect effect estimate β = -0.04, p = .01), but not in Moseten males or females.CONCLUSIONSAmong Tsimane males, who are more physically active than Tsimane females, the association between age and cognition via BV is significantly mediated by physical activity. Among Tsimane females, mediation occurs directly via physical activity, bypassing BV. These results suggest that mechanisms of cognitive differences across ages differ by sex and population. Studying the relationship between brain atrophy and lifestyle in non-industrialized populations elucidates biological and environmental correlates of brain health.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of reproductive profiles, epigenetic aging, and mortality in post-menopausal women","authors":"Qiaofeng Ye, Aaliya Ahamed, Idan Shalev, Laura Etzel","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf166","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary theories of aging indicate trade-offs between reproduction and longevity. Epigenetic clocks, such as PhenoAge, GrimAge, and DunedinPoAm, were designed to reflect biological age and be used as surrogates for mortality and healthspan. The current study investigated the connection between reproductive profiles, epigenetic aging and mortality among post-menopausal women (50-85 years) with data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey across the United States (N = 770). Using latent profile analysis, we identified four distinct reproductive profiles: high gravidity but average parity (Class 1); high gravidity and parity (Class 2); premature menopause (Class 3); an average profile (Class 4). Women of Class 3 had an accelerated pace of aging as indicated by DunedinPoAm, but not an older epigenetic age as measured by PhenoAge or GrimAge. The association was significant among women who had ever used female hormones (β = 0.521; 95%CI 0.014-1.027). Women of Class 1 or 2 did not exhibit accelerated epigenetic aging. Women of Class 3 had higher mortality (HR = 1.40, 95%CI 1.08-1.81), and 36.3% of the effect was mediated through accelerated DunedinPoAm. Findings suggest that women with reproductive profiles characterized by premature menopause may have altered epigenetic aging trajectories. Pace of aging may be more sensitive to the impact of reproductive profile variations than the status of biological age as indicated by PhenoAge or GrimAge. Clinically monitoring the pace of biological aging among women with premature menopause and an appropriate application of hormone replacement therapy may minimize the negative consequence of accelerated biological aging and reduce premature mortality.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of mobility in community-dwelling older adults: a network analysis before, during and two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Katja Lindeman,Taina Rantanen,Essi-Mari Tuomola,Johanna Eronen,Laura Karavirta,Kaisa Koivunen","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf162","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDWe conceptualized out-of-home mobility as life space mobility and autonomy outdoors. Both are correlated with quality of life and influenced by multiple underlying factors. We used a complex systems approach and network models to explore changes in networks consisting of out-of-home mobility indicators and their determinants before, during and two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODSParticipants were older adults aged 75, 80 and 85 years at baseline (2017-2018), with follow-ups in 2020 and 2021-2022 (n = 607). Life-space mobility, autonomy outdoors, and socio-demographic, physical, psychosocial, financial, and environmental determinants were assessed using the same validated scales at all three time points. Mixed graphical model networks were estimated for each time point. Differences in network properties and the relative importance of determinants associated with life-space mobility and autonomy outdoors were compared across time points.RESULTSDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, both life-space mobility and autonomy outdoors declined (p < 0.05). Throughout the follow-up, walking difficulty and sex remained consistently associated with life-space mobility and psychosocial factors with autonomy outdoors. At the onset of the pandemic, being female (vs. male) was more strongly associated with reduced autonomy outdoors than at other times, while the associations with older age and poorer health were weaker.CONCLUSIONSThe pandemic reduced older adults' out-of-home mobility and altered the factors underlying it. During the pandemic, environmental support for out-of-home mobility diminished as destinations of interest for older people were closed. This especially affected women, potentially leading to less favorable participation trajectories in the future.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Relationships between Daily Activity and Hippocampal Atrophy in Japanese Dwellers","authors":"Atsumu Yuki, Yukiko Nishita, Akinori Nakamura, Takashi Kato, Chikako Tange, Shu Zhang, Fujiko Ando, Hiroshi Shimokata, Rei Otsuka","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf155","url":null,"abstract":"Background The relationship between physical activity and hippocampal volume is important; however, most studies have used questionnaires to measure physical activity. We aimed to determine whether maintaining high levels of daily physical activity measured by an accelerometer reduces hippocampal atrophy in community-dwelling adults. Methods This cohort study used data from community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years who participated in the National Institute for Longevity Sciences Longitudinal Study of Aging, which is a population-based prospective cohort study of approximately 2,300 Japanese adults. Tertiles of step count, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were measured using accelerometers. Changes in the hippocampal and total grey matter volumes over approximately 10 years were obtained from high-resolution 3D T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. Results The analysis included 287 men and 264 women, with no history of head surgery, dementia, or stroke at baseline, who completed the MRI scans and follow-up surveys. Significant interactions between MVPA and years since baseline with whole and right hippocampal volumes were observed only in men (p&amp;lt;.05). Annual whole hippocampal atrophy volumes in the lowest, intermediate, and highest MVPA groups were -72.11, -58.25, and -59.53 mm3, respectively. Right hippocampal atrophy volumes were -36.93, -28.47, and -28.53 mm3, respectively. The total and right hippocampal volumes in the lowest MVPA group declined more rapidly than those in the other groups. Conclusions Lower MVPA levels in men were associated with higher rates of both total and right hippocampal atrophy. The relationship between MVPA and atrophy may help develop dementia prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between sensory function changes, metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, and cognitive impairment: two prospective cohort studies.","authors":"Xinyi Han,Congcong Pan,Zhichong Cai,Ao Zhang,Ni Zhong,Liyuan Pu,Meifen Wu,Liyuan Han,Haiyan Pan","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf160","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDRecent findings indicate a correlation between sensory impairment and cognitive impairment, while earlier research primarily focused on baseline sensory function without addressing its progression. This research examines the association between dynamic changes in visual impairment (VI), hearing impairment (HI), and dual sensory impairment (DSI) with cognitive impairment, concurrently evaluating the mediating role of biomarkers.METHODSThis research employed cohort data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2018) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2010-2018). Changes in sensory function were evaluated using initial and second follow-up datasets, with participants categorized into no SI, new-onset, remitted, and persistent. The quantification of cognitive impairment risk utilized multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to infer genetic causality, while mediation analysis was performed to assess the influence of metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers.RESULTSThis study analyzed data from CHARLS (N = 5,224) and HRS (N = 8,314), revealing that new-onset HI and DSI were significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment (CHARLS, HR 1.25-1.93; HRS, HR 1.05-1.67). Conversely, remitted HI or DSI was associated with a reduced risk (CHARLS, HR 0.62-0.95), particularly among individuals aged below 65. MR analyses confirmed a causal relationship between hearing loss and cognition, with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cystatin C demonstrating partial mediation effects.CONCLUSIONSCognitive health strategies should incorporate regular screening and early intervention for sensory impairments (HI/DSI) among middle-aged and older populations.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}