The Lancet Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Cancer care and outreach in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries: from epidemiology and the National Cancer Control Programme to screening, diagnosis, and treatment","authors":"M Saiful Huq, Sandhya C Acharya, Susmita Sharma, Saugat Poudyal, Simit Sapkota, Sunil Shrestha, Manish Gautam, Sudhir R Silwal, Mohammad M Haque, A F M Kamal Uddin, Sanjeeva Gunasekara, K Govind Babu, Ugyen Tshomo, Ahmad J Safi, Ahmed I Masood, Mostafa A Sumon, Mohammad A Hai, Altaf Hossain, Shaila Purvin, Heath Devin Skinner, Krishni Wijesooriya","doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00521-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00521-7","url":null,"abstract":"South Asian Association for Regional Collaboration (SAARC) countries, home to 24% of the world's population, are facing the double burden of disease (ie, where a population experiences both an increasing incidence of cancers typically associated with affluence and a sustained or rising burden of cancers linked to infections and poverty) with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) attributing to 47% of the global burden of disease and to about 60% of all deaths. In 2022, cancer in this region accounted for approximately 9·3% of incidence worldwide and 12% of global mortality. Cancer is one of the major NCDs affecting South Asia, accounting for a large proportion of disability-adjusted life-years lost in this region. The most common cancers are lung, head and neck, and gastrointestinal cancers in both sexes, and cervix and breast cancers in females. The cancer burden is high in SAARC countries, although there are differences among countries and within urban and rural regions of each country, depending on the level of available resources, development, and epidemiological shift. Here we discuss various cancer care issues and challenges throughout the cancer care continuum in the SAARC region. We make an urgent call for regional collaboration to develop, modify, and implement a holistic cancer control plan and formulate a systematic approach directed to address the growing burden of cancer in this region. It is crucial to establish strong political will and commitment to take forward the recommended actions outlined in this Series to overcome and address the cancer crisis in the SAARC region, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 2030 targets.","PeriodicalId":22865,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Oncology","volume":"261 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpelisib plus fulvestrant in PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer after a CDK4/6 inhibitor (BYLieve): one cohort of a phase 2, multicentre, open-label, non-comparative study","authors":"Hope S Rugo, Florence Lerebours, Eva Ciruelos, Pamela Drullinsky, Manuel Ruiz-Borrego, Patrick Neven, Yeon Hee Park, Aleix Prat, Thomas Bachelot, Dejan Juric, Nicholas Turner, Nickolas Sophos, Juan Pablo Zarate, Christina Arce, Yu-Ming Shen, Stuart Turner, Hemanth Kanakamedala, Wei-Chun Hsu, Stephen Chia","doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00673-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00673-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Alpelisib, a PI3Kα-selective inhibitor and degrader, plus fulvestrant showed efficacy in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, <em>PIK3CA</em>-mutated advanced breast cancer in SOLAR-1; limited data are available in the post-cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor setting. BYLieve aimed to assess alpelisib plus endocrine therapy in this setting in three cohorts defined by immediate previous treatment; here, we report results from cohort A.<h3>Methods</h3>This ongoing, phase 2, multicentre, open-label, non-comparative study enrolled patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, advanced breast cancer with tumour <em>PIK3CA</em> mutation, following progression on or after previous therapy, including CDK4/6 inhibitors, from 114 study locations (cancer centres, medical centres, university hospitals, and hospitals) in 18 countries worldwide. Participants aged 18 years or older with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less, with no more than two previous anticancer treatments and no more than one previous chemotherapy regimen, were enrolled in three cohorts. In cohort A, patients must have had progression on or after a CDK4/6 inhibitor plus an aromatase inhibitor as the immediate previous treatment. Patients received oral alpelisib 300 mg/day (continuously) plus fulvestrant 500 mg intramuscularly on day 1 of each 28-day cycle and on day 15 of cycle 1. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients alive without disease progression at 6 months per local assessment using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1, in patients with a centrally confirmed <em>PIK3CA</em> mutation. This trial is registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>, <span><span>NCT03056755</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>.<h3>Findings</h3>Between Aug 14, 2017, and Jul 29, 2022 (data cutoff), 127 patients with at least 18 months’ follow-up were enrolled into cohort A. 119 patients had a centrally confirmed <em>PIK3CA</em> mutation. At data cutoff, median follow-up was 21·8 months (IQR 10·8–37·6). 64 (53·8%; 95% CI 44·4–63·0) of 119 patients were alive without disease progression at 6 months. The most frequent grade 3 or worse adverse events were hyperglycaemia (37 [29%] of 127 patients), rash (13 [10%]), and rash maculopapular (11 [9%]). Serious adverse events occurred in 37 (29%) of 127 patients. No treatment-related deaths were reported.<h3>Interpretation</h3>BYLieve showed activity of alpelisib plus fulvestrant with manageable toxicity in patients with <em>PIK3CA</em>-mutated, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative ","PeriodicalId":22865,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Oncology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palliative radiotherapy for hepatic cancer pain","authors":"Ze Xiang, Jiarui Li, Jian Wu","doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00563-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00563-1","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":22865,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Oncology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palliative radiotherapy for hepatic cancer pain","authors":"Saiyan Bian, Wenjie Zheng","doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00574-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00574-6","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":22865,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Oncology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer prevention, care, and outreach among the Rohingya refugee population in Bangladesh","authors":"Mohiuddin A K Chowdhury, Tuhin Biswas, Tofrida Rahman, Omar Salma, , Heath Devin Skinner, Stephen Avery, Wilfred Ngwa, M Saiful Huq","doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00631-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00631-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Demographic profile</h2>As of October, 2023, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) <span><span>reported</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> that 967 842 Rohingya refugees were living in Bangladesh. Approximately 936 961 (96%) of these refugees reside in 33 overcrowded camps (with approximately 40 000 people living per km2) in the Ukhiya and Teknaf subdistricts of Cox's Bazar, while around 30 000 have been relocated to the island of Bhasan Char as part of a resettlement initiative by the Bangladesh Government<sup>41</sup> (Figure 1, Figure 2). The Rohingya population</section></section><section><section><h2>Cancer prevention, awareness, and education</h2>Low awareness and education about cancer prevention exacerbates the health crisis, directly contributing to high-risk lifestyle behaviours in the Rohingya refugee camps. A <span><span>study</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> revealed that 70 (82·4%) of 85 participants were unaware of the link between smoking and lung cancer, with more than three-quarters regularly using tobacco products. The widespread use of betel nuts with burnt tobacco (jorda) further elevates the risk of oral cancer, yet in another cross-sectional <span><span>study</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>, 95% of the</section></section><section><section><h2>Cancer care gaps in Rohingya camps</h2>Health-care providers in the Rohingya refugee camps are becoming increasingly concerned about the rising cancer burden, particularly of hepatocellular carcinoma, oral cancer, and cervical cancer. A health-care professional at Cox's Bazar Medical College Hospital mentioned, “We see a large number of hepatocellular carcinoma patients compared to other cancers. This could be because the Rohingya population lacks vaccination and awareness about cancer risk factors.”Inadequate infrastructure,</section></section><section><section><h2>Barriers to cancer care in Rohingya camps</h2>Cancer care in Rohingya camps in Bangladesh is heavily affected by political challenges, which directly influence the availability and quality of cancer treatment. The political recognition of Rohingya refugees by both the host country and the international community determines their access to medical care, including cancer treatment. Political decisions and legislation in Bangladesh can restrict the operations of humanitarian organisations and health-care providers, limiting the availability</secti","PeriodicalId":22865,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Oncology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the oncology drug discovery and development process with programmes supported by the National Institutes of Health","authors":"Oluwatobi T Arisa, Erica L Beatson, Annieka Reno, Cindy H Chau, Rosemarie Aurigemma, Patricia S Steeg, William D Figg","doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00348-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00348-6","url":null,"abstract":"The translation of basic drug discoveries from laboratories to clinical use presents substantial challenges. Factors such as insufficient funding, misdirected project focus, and inability to understand a drug's limitations or strengths contribute to the difficulty of this process. To address these issues, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has established various resources dedicated to streamlining drug development. The NIH offers access to regularly curated databases encompassing categories like drug discovery, target discovery, genomics, proteomics, and clinical datasets. The NIH also provides access to key resources through various programmes, such as the Developmental Therapeutics Program, focusing on preclinical drug discovery and the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, which oversees clinical trial efforts for investigational agents. These resources might include funding opportunities, access to a network of scientific experts, and services to address gaps in scientific work. This Review explores the diverse platforms and resources available at the NIH and outlines how researchers can leverage them to expedite the drug development process.","PeriodicalId":22865,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Oncology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palliative radiotherapy for hepatic cancer pain","authors":"Xianwen Liang, Jincai Wu, Hui Liu","doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00583-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00583-7","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":22865,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Oncology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing clinical benefit and social value: challenges in HTA assessments","authors":"Haydee Verduzco-Aguirre, Brooke E Wilson","doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00557-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00557-6","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":22865,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Oncology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palliative radiotherapy for hepatic cancer pain – Authors' reply","authors":"Laura A Dawson, Dongsheng Tu, Christopher J O'Callaghan","doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00657-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00657-0","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":22865,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-aided data mining of medical records for cancer detection and screening","authors":"Amalie Dahl Haue, Jessica Xin Hjaltelin, Peter Christoffer Holm, Davide Placido, S⊘ren Brunak","doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00277-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00277-8","url":null,"abstract":"The application of artificial intelligence methods to electronic patient records paves the way for large-scale analysis of multimodal data. Such population-wide data describing deep phenotypes composed of thousands of features are now being leveraged to create data-driven algorithms, which in turn has led to improved methods for early cancer detection and screening. Remaining challenges include establishment of infrastructures for prospective testing of such methods, ways to assess biases given the data, and gathering of sufficiently large and diverse datasets that reflect disease heterogeneities across populations. This Review provides an overview of artificial intelligence methods designed to detect cancer early, including key aspects of concern (eg, the problem of data drift—when the underlying health-care data change over time), ethical aspects, and discrepancies between access to cancer screening in high-income countries versus low-income and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":22865,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Oncology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}