The Open Toxicology Journal最新文献

High Glucose Enhances Skin Sensitizer-induced NRF2 Activation In Vitro 高葡萄糖增强皮肤增敏剂诱导的NRF2激活

The Open Toxicology Journal Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.2174/1874340402107010008

Takeo Takeda, Masahiro Ogawa, J. Kitamoto, Takahiro Kyoya, M. Terada

引用次数: 1

Blood Hemostasis Dysfunction and Inflammation in COVID-19 Patients: Viral and Host Active Molecules as Therapeutic Targets COVID-19患者的止血功能障碍和炎症:病毒和宿主活性分子作为治疗靶点

The Open Toxicology Journal Pub Date : 2021-03-02 DOI: 10.2174/1874340402107010001

M. Errasfa

引用次数: 1

Emerging Biomarkers of Alcohol Consumption: Clinical and Forensic Applications 新兴的酒精消费生物标志物:临床和法医应用

The Open Toxicology Journal Pub Date : 2013-05-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874340401306010027

V. Bianchi, A. Raspagni, C. Arfini

引用次数: 5

A Practical Guide to the Calculation of Uncertainty of Measurement 测量不确定度计算实用指南

The Open Toxicology Journal Pub Date : 2013-05-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874340401306010020

M. Zilli

{"title":"A Practical Guide to the Calculation of Uncertainty of Measurement","authors":"M. Zilli","doi":"10.2174/1874340401306010020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874340401306010020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper would provide the analyst with an easy to use step-by-step guide to calculate the uncertainty of measurement in implementing a new analytical method. There are two main ways to attain such an achievement. The first is to consider all the possible sources of variability and then to sum up all of them in the final calculation. The second is taking part in a collaborative trial and processing the resulting statistics. Both methods imply different advantages and drawbacks. It is up the analyst to choose the one fits best his requirements. Anyway it is nearly inescapable providing, along with the test result, its own uncertainty. This entire subject is stated by a standard well known to those who practise the profession of a chemical analyst, which is the UNI CEI EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005. This standard has been imposed by the European Community for matters concerning food and environmental surveillance, but it has also become part of the guidelines of several National Associations of Clinical Toxicology. This standard pledges the analyst to use validated analytical methods, issued by one of the national or international Standards Organizations or, at least, by an internationally acknowledged Scientific Society.","PeriodicalId":22859,"journal":{"name":"The Open Toxicology Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77823342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Residential Treatment as a Rehabilitation Opportunity for Alcoholism Care 住宅治疗作为酒精中毒护理的康复机会

The Open Toxicology Journal Pub Date : 2013-05-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874340401306010034

Giorgio Cerizza, M. Ranalletti

引用次数: 2

The Relevance of Synergy Between Forensic Pathologist and Toxicologist in Medico-Legal Autopsies 法医病理学家和毒理学家在法医尸检中协同作用的相关性

The Open Toxicology Journal Pub Date : 2013-05-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874340401306010013

L. Desinan, A. Colatutto, P. Sala

{"title":"The Relevance of Synergy Between Forensic Pathologist and Toxicologist in Medico-Legal Autopsies","authors":"L. Desinan, A. Colatutto, P. Sala","doi":"10.2174/1874340401306010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874340401306010013","url":null,"abstract":"In forensic toxicology the main relevant scope of toxicologist is to answer these following questions: which kind of drug is involved? Is the analytical result related to death? Which is the supposed lethal dose? Despite the technological improvement in laboratory medicine, the main questions are apparently unresolved, because the availability of new laboratory instrumentation has sometimes increased the complexity of the medical examiner task. In post mortem toxicology the medical examiner's and the toxicologist's role is constantly challenged by analytical, methodological, circumstantial problems, and only the single professional experience can help to find which drug is involved. In our experience the only way to avoid, or limit, mistakes is to follow strictly a Search Strategy, which combines single professional experience, circumstantial data and a correct and a punctual manner of sampling from corpses. The most complete and proper tissue sampling from autopsy is mandatory for the whole diagnostic process. This approach in synergy with the pathologist and toxicologist dialogue can help the medical examiner to avoid mistakes and positively infer the whole diagnostic process.","PeriodicalId":22859,"journal":{"name":"The Open Toxicology Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84493899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Key Role of the Rational Laboratory Strategy in Diagnostic, Analytical and Forensic Toxicology 理性实验室策略在诊断、分析和法医毒理学中的关键作用

The Open Toxicology Journal Pub Date : 2013-05-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874340401306010011

A. Colatutto

{"title":"Key Role of the Rational Laboratory Strategy in Diagnostic, Analytical and Forensic Toxicology","authors":"A. Colatutto","doi":"10.2174/1874340401306010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874340401306010011","url":null,"abstract":"It is nevertheless not easy to define the borders between Pharmacology and Toxicology too, because the side effects of commonly used therapies could be extremely toxic, the effects of the Drug of Abuse are also toxic, and toxic substances could be found in soil, water and air. It is well known that Medicine is “rapidly changing in rapidly changing world”, but the paramount progress in laboratory technology has positively influenced the whole Medicine diagnostic process and practice. For these reasons a rational diagnostic strategy is mandatory to optimize the resources. The aim of the toxicological analysis is firstly to detect the toxicant, and to fulfill this scope so that the toxicologist can take advantage of improved technology. Even if new screening methods are easy to perform, highly automated and fit not only for highly specialized laboratory staff, confirmation analysis needs more sophisticated and extremely expensive technology. It is well known indeed that confirmation tests should be performed only by chromatographic technology, both gas chromatographic and liquid chromatographic coupled with mass spectrometry, and these kinds of tests need highly specialized personnel.","PeriodicalId":22859,"journal":{"name":"The Open Toxicology Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"11-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73332813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanistic evaluation of trichloroethene-mediated autoimmune hepatitis-like disease in female MRL+/+ Mice 三氯乙烯介导的自身免疫性肝炎样疾病在雌性MRL+/+小鼠中的机制评价

The Open Toxicology Journal Pub Date : 2013-04-19 DOI: 10.2174/1874340401205010001

Shakuntala Kondraganti, R. König, P. Boor, Shahnawaz Khan, B. Kaphalia, M. Khan, G. Ansari

{"title":"Mechanistic evaluation of trichloroethene-mediated autoimmune hepatitis-like disease in female MRL+/+ Mice","authors":"Shakuntala Kondraganti, R. König, P. Boor, Shahnawaz Khan, B. Kaphalia, M. Khan, G. Ansari","doi":"10.2174/1874340401205010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874340401205010001","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxicosis mostly leads to serious clinical signs of malnutrition, growth retardation, and impairment of utilization of nutrients, immunosupression, liver diseases and cancer. Detoxification or prevention of such toxicity is interesting to researchers in change field. In pursuit for an approach, the synthetic copper(I)- nicotinate complex has been evaluated against the traditional Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) for possible protective effects as a food additive in induced aflatoxicosed animals. Induction of toxicity in adult rats by AFB1 60 µg/kg body weight divided on three times a week for consecutive five weeks resulted in marked hepatic necrosis, collagen fibers around portal tract and iron deposits as well as features of general cellular collapse and cirrhosis. The protective effects were tested on two animal groups by associate doses of BHT (0.05 mg / kg B.W.) in one group and copper (I) nicotinate complex (0.4 mg/kg B.W.) in the other. Results showed, in both groups, almost normal histological as well as biochemical markers especially those treated with the copper complex, which suggests that anti-inflammatory copper complex can be used as a protective agent against aflatoxicosis when used in doses resemble those used in pharmaceutical vitamin supplements.","PeriodicalId":22859,"journal":{"name":"The Open Toxicology Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73663773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

PARP-1 Inhibitor Attenuates Cocaine-Induced Hepatotoxicity PARP-1抑制剂减轻可卡因引起的肝毒性

The Open Toxicology Journal Pub Date : 2012-12-28 DOI: 10.2174/1874340401205010021

J. McCluskey, Stephen C Harbison, D. Sava, G. Johnson, R. Harbison

{"title":"PARP-1 Inhibitor Attenuates Cocaine-Induced Hepatotoxicity","authors":"J. McCluskey, Stephen C Harbison, D. Sava, G. Johnson, R. Harbison","doi":"10.2174/1874340401205010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874340401205010021","url":null,"abstract":"Cocaine abuse is associated with multiple health problems including occasional hepatic failure and death. The mechanism of cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity (CIH) is not clear, although studies in mice have demonstrated that cocaine-induced liver injury may be mediated by nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Recently, we have found that cocaine increases poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity in the liver. Therefore, inhibition of PARP may block CIH. A preliminary assessment of the PARP inhibitor 3,4-Dihydro-5-(4-(1-piperidinyl)butoxyl)-1(2H)-isoquinolinone (DPQ) in ICR mice failed to attenuate CIH. However, the PARP inhibitor 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline (DIQ) successfully attenuated CIH. Mean ALT activity of 569 IU caused by cocaine treatment alone, was limited to 79 IU in ICR mice concomitantly treated with DIQ (10 mg/kg, ip). The protective effect of DIQ was also associated with prevention of development of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue, reduced depletion of glutathione (GSH), and a reduced production of nitrites. Cocaine-induced TBARS was significantly decreased by DIQ from a mean of 5.7 nmol/mg protein to a mean of 2.5 nmol/mg protein, similar to untreated mice. Hepatic GSH was reduced more than 2 fold following cocaine administration but treatment with DIQ conserved GSH at the level of untreated mice. The protective effect of DIQ in attenuating CIH can potentially be explained by the dual inhibitory effect of DIQ that reduces induction of PARP and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS). The DIQ attenuation of CIH provides evidence for a PARP and iNOS modulated mechanism of action for this hepatocellular pathology.","PeriodicalId":22859,"journal":{"name":"The Open Toxicology Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84164019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Comparative toxicity of pentachlorophenol with its metabolites tetrachloro-1,2-hydroquinone and tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone in HepG2 cells 五氯苯酚及其代谢物四氯-1,2-对苯二酚和四氯-1,4-苯醌对HepG2细胞的毒性比较

The Open Toxicology Journal Pub Date : 2012-10-19 DOI: 10.2174/1874340401205010011

Ilka Elizma Schroeder, J. J. V. Tonder, V. Steenkamp

{"title":"Comparative toxicity of pentachlorophenol with its metabolites tetrachloro-1,2-hydroquinone and tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone in HepG2 cells","authors":"Ilka Elizma Schroeder, J. J. V. Tonder, V. Steenkamp","doi":"10.2174/1874340401205010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874340401205010011","url":null,"abstract":"The organochlorine compound, pentachlorophenol (PCP), is classified as a hazardous substance. Its metabolite, tetrachloro-1,2-hydroquinone (TCHQ), has been detected in occupationally-exposed subjects and can readily be converted to tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (TCBQ) under physiological conditions. Hazard characterization has previously identified the liver as the target organ of PCP toxicity in rats and dogs and as the liver is the major site of metabolism of the parent compound, this raises concern for the effects that the metabolites of PCP may have on the liver. Although the hepatotoxic effects of PCP have been described, less is known about the effects of its metabolites on hepatocyte function. Studying the effects of these metabolites on hepatocytes may provide valuable information regarding the effects that these compounds could exert on the liver itself and allude to the clinical manifestations of toxicity that can be expected. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the effect of PCP, TCHQ and TCBQ on the following cellular parameters: cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ROS formation, as indicators of hepatocyte homeostasis. Both PCP and its metabolites, TCHQ and TCBQ decreased cell viability with IC 50 of 68.05, 129.40 and 144.00 ∝M, respectively. All three compounds caused mitochondrial depolarization, with the effect being more profound following exposure to TCHQ and TCBQ. PCP did not induce any ROS generation, whereas TCHQ and TCBQ produced extensive ROS. Findings from this study suggest that in hepatocytes the mechanism of toxicity of PCP differs from that of its metabolites, TCHQ and TCBQ.","PeriodicalId":22859,"journal":{"name":"The Open Toxicology Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86095990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5