{"title":"Status of Protogen: The first integration of genesis technologies","authors":"S. Glover, F. White, G. Pena, P. Foster","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518826","url":null,"abstract":"Development of solid dielectric insulation concepts has enabled an ultra-low impedance high current driver concept called Genesis. A prototype demonstration called Protogen includes interfaces for up to twelve modules and can be operated in a repetitive mode to generate reliability data. Initial operation of Protogen is focusing on the integration of key solid dielectric concepts, dielectric lifetime, and integrated system performance. Multiple configurations of Protogen have already been tested demonstrating the flexibility of Genesis technology. This paper expands on previously published results paying particular attention to versatility, reliability, and modeling of the Protogen system.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130640390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Stephens, A. Neuber, J. Dickens, M. Kristiansen
{"title":"Experimentation and simulation of high current density surface coated electro-explosive fuses","authors":"J. Stephens, A. Neuber, J. Dickens, M. Kristiansen","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518739","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of the research discussed in this paper is to develop a compact electro-explosive fuse (EEF) for a flux compression generator (FCG) power conditioning system, capable of rapidly obtaining and maintaining high impedance. It was observed that significant gains in EEF performance are introduced with the application of an insulating coating to the surface of the EEF wire. A 2 kA small scale test bed has been designed to provide a single wire EEF with similar current density (~107 A/cm2), voltage gradient (~7 kV/cm), and timescale (~8 μs) as to what is seen by and EEF utilized in a HPM generating FCG system. With the small scale test bed EEF performance data was rapidly obtained at a significantly lower cost than equivalent full scale FCG experiments. A one-dimensional finite difference model coupled with the Los Alamos National Laboratory SESAME Equation-of-State database was utilized to simulate the resistive behavior of the single wire EEFs. Further, a large scale test bed, designed to provide a similar current action as to what is provided by a FCG is used to test 18 wire EEF arrays at the 40 kA level.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131197538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Kemp, A. Benwell, C. Burkhart, D. Macnair, M. Nguyen
{"title":"The SLAC P2 Marx","authors":"M. A. Kemp, A. Benwell, C. Burkhart, D. Macnair, M. Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518673","url":null,"abstract":"A proposed high energy physics accelerator, the International Linear Collider, will require greater than five hundred rf stations. Each station is composed of a klystron driven by a modulator. Recently, the SLAC P2 Marx was designated the baseline modulator for the ILC. This paper describes some key features of this modulator and presents recent experimental results.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134454256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Shao, Cheng Zhang, Yang Yu, P. Yan, E. Schamiloglu
{"title":"Experimental study of nanosecond-pulse dielectric barrier discharge in open air","authors":"T. Shao, Cheng Zhang, Yang Yu, P. Yan, E. Schamiloglu","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518773","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is an important method to produce non-thermal plasma in atmospheric air, which is widely used in a variety of industrial fields. In this paper, the discharge is generated in atmospheric air using a magnetic compression solid-state pulsed power generator. The output pulse can be up to 30 kV with a rise time of about 40 ns and a full width at half maximum of 70 ns. The characteristics are studied by the measurement of voltage and current waveforms, discharge images, and optical emission spectroscopy. The experimental results show that when the air gap is less than 3 mm, no filaments are observed and the DBD is diffuse in the whole discharge regime. The rotational and vibrational temperatures of the DBD are calculated according to the emission band of the nitrogen second positive system near 380.5 nm. The relationship between the emission intensity and the rotational temperature with the applied voltage and pulse repetition frequency are investigated and discussed. The experimental results show that the emission intensity is sensitive to the applied voltage and pulse repetition frequency; however the rotational and vibrational temperatures indicates insensitivity to the applied voltage and pulse repetition frequency.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132913269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Leckbee, T. Pointon, S. Cordova, B. Oliver, T. Webb, M. Toury, M. Caron, D. Droemer
{"title":"Commissioning and power flow studies of the 2.5-MeV Ursa Minor LTD","authors":"J. Leckbee, T. Pointon, S. Cordova, B. Oliver, T. Webb, M. Toury, M. Caron, D. Droemer","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518706","url":null,"abstract":"Ursa Minor is a 21-cavity Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) that has been built to evaluate LTD technology as a driver for electron beam diode research. Initial testing has been conducted at ±90 kV charge. In this configuration the generator has produced 2.0 MV on a 30-ohm MITL when driving an electron beam diode. 2-D PIC simulations of the MITL predict about 15% higher peak voltage and current than seen in experiments. Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations indicate the measured x-ray dose is consistent with the measured diode current and voltage. Triggering experiments indicate that single LTD cavities are insensitive to trigger polarity, whereas the 21-cavity Ursa Minor shows clear sensitivity to trigger polarity.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133082822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hitchcock, C. Rivers, P. Holen, M. Stangenes, H. Anamkath, R. Ross, L. Runge, A. Gardner, J. Terry
{"title":"Ground based radar modulator solid-state upgrade","authors":"S. Hitchcock, C. Rivers, P. Holen, M. Stangenes, H. Anamkath, R. Ross, L. Runge, A. Gardner, J. Terry","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518749","url":null,"abstract":"A ground based radar modulator driving a twystron microwave amplifier has been designed, built and tested. It is a solid-state upgrade replacing a thyratron-based line-type modulator, including a shunt regulated resonant charge power supply and a pressurized SF6 insulated pulse transformer tank. The upgraded modulator is a high-current thyristor based line-type modulator with a command charge switching power supply and an oil-filled pulse transformer and socket assembly tank. The modulator produces a 117 kV, 80 A, 7.1 μs flat top pulse with 25 kW average beam power and is driven by a 400 Hz 208 V generator. The modulator is compact and the design is modular and interlocked for ease of maintenance and improved safety. This paper will provide details of modulator performance including operating data, output waveforms and environmental test results.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134049340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D FDTD simulation of nonlinear ferroelectric materials in rectangular waveguide","authors":"B. Caudle, M. Baginski, H. Kirkici","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518723","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) have numerous applications in the communications and defense industries due to their ability to form and propagate short duration, ultra wide band pulses. This paper simulates a short duration Gaussian transient exciting low order TEm, 0 modes in a nonlinear ferroelectric filled conducting waveguide. A three dimensional FDTD simulation is employed in the analysis and the ferroelectric filled waveguide model based on a nonlinear polarization relationship extrapolated from measurements. A small portion of the frequency band operates in the saturation polarization region. These terms will propagate at higher velocity than lower amplitude components and this effect counteracts dispersion and results in compression of the pulses into solitons as they propagate.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134302025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenfeng Li, T. Shao, Cheng Zhang, Weimin Huang, Yinghui Gao, Dongdong Zhang, Yaohong Sun, P. Yan, E. Schamiloglu
{"title":"A repetitive microsecond-pulse generator for plasma application","authors":"Wenfeng Li, T. Shao, Cheng Zhang, Weimin Huang, Yinghui Gao, Dongdong Zhang, Yaohong Sun, P. Yan, E. Schamiloglu","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518781","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed discharge is a promising approach for producing non-thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure. Pulsed power generators vary widely in performance and should be chosen according to the application requirements. In this paper, a repetitive microsecond-pulse generator was constructed using a cascading of power modules, where all solid-state switches were considered as the key units. The generator was able to produce repetitive pulses with a peak voltage of 2 kV, a pulse duration of a few microseconds, and a pulse repetition frequency of 5 kHz at a 1000Ω resistive load. Output pulse voltage could be adjusted by varying ac input voltage. Both the pulse width and frequency could be controlled by changing the driving signal of the IGBT. In addition, this generator was successfully used in the plasma application.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132587323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pollution flashover performance of 220 kV glass insulator strings covered with incomplete spraying PRTV coatings","authors":"Chuyan Zhang, S. Wan, Liming Wang, Z. Guan","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518775","url":null,"abstract":"The PRTV coating materials had perfect performance in antipollution flashover for porcelain and glass insulators because of the surface hydrophobicity. Usually, the whole strings of insulators were coated with PRTV coatings in engineering application. In order to reduce the consumption of materials, a way of incomplete spraying PRTV coatings was mentioned in this paper. And the pollution flashover performance of 220kV glass insulator strings covered with incomplete spraying PRTV coatings were investigated by artificial contamination test under AC voltages. Conclusions were obtained that the flashover voltage can be enhanced greatly by covering PRTV coatings and the leakage current can be reduced. Compared with the whole string of insulators covered with PRTV coatings, the outdoor insulation performance showed little difference for 220kV glass insulator strings covered with incomplete spraying coatings. This work can provide theoretical support for external insulation's maintenance and design of 220kV AC transmission lines.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115120860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Bochkov, D. Bochkov, I. Gnedin, P. Bak, C. Pihl, S. Andreason, J. Slough
{"title":"Research and development of pseudospark switch drivers","authors":"V. Bochkov, D. Bochkov, I. Gnedin, P. Bak, C. Pihl, S. Andreason, J. Slough","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518803","url":null,"abstract":"The pseudospark (thyratrons TPI- and TDI-type) switch drivers design and applications in various pulsed power systems are presented. Drivers are constructed using modern IGBT transistors and triggered compact spark gaps, and feature both manual and remote digital control (CAN, Ethernet). TDI-thyratrons can serve as a replacement for ignitron, spark gap and triggered vacuum switches. The TDI drivers are made with multiple outputs for triggering up to 4 thyratrons in parallel or with HV isolated output for applications where the igniter and hydrogen reservoir of the thyratron are under high (transient) voltages. TPI-thyratrons were designed recently however, we have extensive experience in application and the methods of triggering/controlling of these switches. The trigger unit is a simple relaxation oscillator with DC and Pulsed Preionization, including single, double and triple pulse triggering techniques. In particular it is shown that when the requirement for a driver is to provide minimum time jitter (less 0.5ns), high anode current pulse stability and extended lifetime, the best option is triple-pulse triggering. Circuit design for trigger drivers BZ-TP/10 for TPI-thyratrons, optimized for the operation of the particle accelerator LIU-2 are described.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116710668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}