{"title":"On weak distance between distributions in application to tracking","authors":"A. Pak, Marco F. Huber, Andrey Belkin","doi":"10.1109/SDF.2013.6698260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF.2013.6698260","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the general problem of assessing accuracy losses associated with converting distributions from one representation to the other. Based on distribution theory, we argue that any such quality metric is intrinsically problem-specific, and that the choice of the so-called probe functions is unavoidable. We discuss the meaning of these definitions in the context of tracking, and how probe functions may encode valuable a priori assumptions about sensors and the tracking quality. Based on these ideas, we suggest two novel algorithms: one to prune Gaussian mixtures (GMs) and the other to perform a weighted sampling of GMs. Finally, we compare the tracking quality between identical trackers where GM pruning is done with the suggested and the conventional algorithms.","PeriodicalId":228075,"journal":{"name":"2013 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121872589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-sensor multi-target tracking with robust kinematic data based credal classification","authors":"S. Hachour, F. Delmotte, D. Mercier, E. Lefevre","doi":"10.1109/SDF.2013.6698250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF.2013.6698250","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-target tracking using multiple sensors is an important research field in application areas of mobile systems and military applications. This paper proposes a decentralized multi-sensor, multi-target tracking and belief (credal) based classification approach, applied to maritime targets. A given number of sensors, considered as unreliable, are designed to locally predict and update targets states using Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithms (one IMM for one target). Targets IMMs are updated by sequentially acquired measurements. The measurements are assigned to the targets by the means of a generalized Global Nearest Neighbor (GNN) algorithm. The generalized GNN algorithm is able to provide information on the newly detected or non-detected targets and these information is used by score functions which manage the targets appearances and disappearances. In addition to the tracking task of multiple targets, each sensor performs a local classification of each one of the targets. The unreliability of the sensors makes the local classifications weak. In this article, a global classification method is shown to improve the sensors classification performances.","PeriodicalId":228075,"journal":{"name":"2013 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123960809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"State dependent mode transition probabilities","authors":"Martin Michaelis, F. Govaers, W. Koch","doi":"10.1109/SDF.2013.6698262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF.2013.6698262","url":null,"abstract":"A multiple model filter similar to the IMM filter is developed for tracking of maneuvering targets. The mode transition probabilities are modeled as dependent on the state. This allows using information about the mode of a target that is contained in the state. Thus, better estimates of the mode can be obtained. Convergence of the mode estimates occurs more quickly. As an application, choosing acceleration dependent mode transitions in a scenario using constant velocity motion and coordinated turn motion is discussed.","PeriodicalId":228075,"journal":{"name":"2013 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)","volume":"36 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132869569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephan Reuter, B. Vo, Benjamin Wilking, D. Meissner, K. Dietmayer
{"title":"Divergence detectors for the δ-generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli filter","authors":"Stephan Reuter, B. Vo, Benjamin Wilking, D. Meissner, K. Dietmayer","doi":"10.1109/SDF.2013.6698263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF.2013.6698263","url":null,"abstract":"In single-target tracking, divergence detectors like the normalized innovation squared (NIS) are used to detect if the assumed motion or measurement models deviate too much from the actual behavior of the tracked target or the sensor. A generalization of the divergence detectors to random finite set based multi-object tracking algorithms is possible and results in the multi-target generalized NIS (MGNIS). In this contribution the MGNIS for the δ-generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli filter is derived. Further, an approximate multi-target NIS (AMNIS) is proposed which facilitates easier interpretation of the results. The MGNIS and the AMNIS are compared to the well-known optimal subpattern assignment (OSPA) metric using simulated data with different clutter rates.","PeriodicalId":228075,"journal":{"name":"2013 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132710783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semantic fusion of live Web content: System design and implementation experiences","authors":"Vincent Lenders","doi":"10.1109/SDF.2013.6698256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF.2013.6698256","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional Web search models are ineffective at providing quick and comprehensive answers to questions related to live content such as real-time data or temporal relationships between actors. Semantic data fusion techniques have the potential to provide a more suitable abstraction model for efficient search on this type of data. However, myriad architectural and technical implementation challenges arise when trying to implement a working system. This paper summarizes our efforts and experiences at implementing a functional semantic fusion system for live content from the Web. Besides semantic data fusion techniques, we make extensive use of natural language processing, semantic Web technologies and Bayesian statistics to render the system a self-contained framework acting directly between Web resources of interest and end-user search applications. We first present the semantic fusion architecture design that we have developed. We have implemented this architecture and tested its effectiveness using real-world live data from the Web over multiple weeks. We then report about our major experiences and lessons-learned of this experiment.","PeriodicalId":228075,"journal":{"name":"2013 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)","volume":"30 26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121541366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fusing odometry and sparse UWB radar measurements for indoor slam","authors":"T. Deißler, J. Thielecke","doi":"10.1109/SDF.2013.6698259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF.2013.6698259","url":null,"abstract":"For security applications and in situations where optical sensors are not working, ultra-wideband (UWB) radar is an alternative technology for localization, mapping and object recognition. This paper presents an approach for solving the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem for an autonomous robot with a small UWB radar array. Feature-based mapping in conjunction with an underlying state space model enables the reconstruction of the room with accuracy up to 10 cm. Two different ways of dealing with the data association problem - the task of sorting the measured time-of-flight values - are presented. Data fusion with odometry information is proposed to reduce the number of measurement steps. Experimental results with an autonomous robot show the feasibility of the concept.","PeriodicalId":228075,"journal":{"name":"2013 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134124790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Birth and death in multitarget tracking filters","authors":"R. Streit","doi":"10.1109/SDF.2013.6698249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF.2013.6698249","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous time birth and death processes are used to model the number of targets in multitarget tracking filters. The general problem is formulated for arbitrary boundary conditions that specify the initial distributions of the numbers of targets and clutter. Three examples are discussed, two of which are new. One uses a pure death process and Poisson numbers of prior and new targetsit gives the PHD intensity filter. The second is a pure death process with a specified number of targets in the prior and a Poisson distributed number of new targets. The third uses the same boundary conditions as the second example but with a combined target birth and death process. The behavior of these filters is compared in the special case when there are no measurements.","PeriodicalId":228075,"journal":{"name":"2013 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)","volume":"804 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123290270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Snezhana Jovanoska, R. Zetik, R. Thomä, F. Govaers, K. Wild, W. Koch
{"title":"Device-free indoor localization using a distributed network of autonomous UWB sensor nodes","authors":"Snezhana Jovanoska, R. Zetik, R. Thomä, F. Govaers, K. Wild, W. Koch","doi":"10.1109/SDF.2013.6698264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF.2013.6698264","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe a method for localization of multiple persons using a distributed network of autonomous ultra-wideband sensor nodes. The persons do not carry any devices or tags to aid their detection, but are instead detected by using the time variations they impose on the measured channel impulse response between a transmitter and a receiver. The described method uses background subtraction and constant false alarm rate algorithms for person detection. Range tracking is incorporated for removal of clutter and false observations. The range information of the persons with respect to each sensor is fused using a maximum likelihood function. Here, we analyze the influences of range tracking on location estimation. In addition, two location estimation approaches are compared. The first approach fuses the available range information of the persons with respect to all sensors of the network. In the second approach locations are estimated by each sensor node and are later fused with the location estimates from the other sensors. The system implementation and selected methods for device-free person range estimation and sensor data fusion are verified in a realistic measurement scenario with two moving persons and through-wall operation of all sensors. The method can be used for near real-time localization and tracking of multiple moving persons.","PeriodicalId":228075,"journal":{"name":"2013 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123641532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Target existence probability in the distributed Kalman filter","authors":"Daniel Svensson, F. Govaers, M. Ulmke, W. Koch","doi":"10.1109/SDF.2013.6698266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF.2013.6698266","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the target existence probability for a single target in clutter is derived. More specifically, the paper considers target existence in the distributed Kalman filter. First, a conceptual solution is derived explicitly for a two-sensor case, and second a moment-matching approximation is performed, which enables computational tractability. The results can be generalized to arbitrary numbers of sensors.","PeriodicalId":228075,"journal":{"name":"2013 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122074957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cascaded output selection for processing of capacitive electrocardiograms by means of independent component analysis","authors":"D. Wedekind, H. Malberg, S. Zaunseder","doi":"10.1109/SDF.2013.6698267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF.2013.6698267","url":null,"abstract":"Innovative measurement systems allow for the contactless recording of vital signs. Thus, applications with medical background for daily life become possible. Aquired signals, however, often cannot compete with their clinically established counterparts. In fact, typical characteristics as small signal amplitudes on the one hand, frequently occuring artefacts and noise on the other hand, introduce the apparent need for sophisticated processing techniques to allow for a reliable function when thinking of contactless measurements. This contribution investigates the possibility of using multichannel capacitive electrocardiogram (cECG) recordings to derive the heart rate for driver monitoring. We propose a processing scheme consisting of a spatio-temporal independent component analysis applied to the cECG together with a newly developed method to select the most appropriate of the output channels by analyzing their frequency characteristics. By an experimental study incorporating 27 healthy subjects we prove the applicability of our method and discuss its advantages compared to existing methods.","PeriodicalId":228075,"journal":{"name":"2013 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)","volume":"127 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113970041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}