The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society最新文献

{"title":"Masticatory functional analysis after replacing multiple missing teeth with implant-supported single crowns - A prospective cohort study.","authors":"Roshan P Thumati, Rakshitha Roshan, Prafulla Thumati, John Radke","doi":"10.4103/jips.jips_397_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jips.jips_397_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To study the outcome of the function after replacing multiple missing teeth with single screw retained crowns.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A Prospective cohort study was planned to determine the importance of masticatory functional improvements.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in masticatory timing, movements, and muscle function resulting from replacing multiple missing teeth with implant-supported crowns.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty prospective patients having multiple teeth missing went through Bite force, EMG functional activity, and masticatory incisor-point movements recording during chewing of gum and of hard food before and after replacing the missing teeth with implant-supported crowns. Disclusion Time Reduction (DTR) occlusal therapy was applied to each case after placement. The results obtained were statistically evaluated for significance using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Student's t-test alpha = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used to analyze the kinematics and Student's t test the muscle activities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For left-sided and right-sided gum-chewing, the group mean values of 4 and 5 quantified parameters calculated from the average chewing pattern were found to have significantly improved toward more normal values (P < 0.05). Same with Hard-bolus chewing group, mean values of 8 and 6 quantified parameters calculated from the Average Chewing Pattern (ACP) were found to have significantly improved towards more normal values (P < 0.05). Same with Hard-bolus chewing group, mean values of 8 and 6 quantified parameters calculated from the Average Chewing Pattern (ACP) were found to have significantly improved towards more normal values (p < 0.05). Multiple EMG average chewing cycle muscle activity patterns also improved significantly (P < 0.05). The mean disclusion time of the group was significantly reduced (P < 0.00000) as was the mean EMG muscle activity during lateral excursions (P < 0.000002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Measurable significant improvements in mean masticatory functional movements and associated muscle activity during gum-chewing were recorded after the placement of the implant-supported crowns followed with DTR therapy to optimize the occlusions. Additional significant changes were seen when the subjects masticated a challenging hard bolus. Mean muscle effort during left and right lateral excursions was also significantly reduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":22669,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society","volume":"26 2","pages":"129-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digitally milled multifunctional guide for immediate anterior implant placement and provisionalization.","authors":"Gerardo Mendoza-Azpur, Milton Villanueva Valenzuela, Jorge Renato Alva Agurto, Andrea Castaneda, César-Augusto Padilla-Avalos","doi":"10.4103/jips.jips_598_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jips.jips_598_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes a digital workflow for immediate implant placement and provisionalization in the maxillary aesthetic zone using a digitally milled multifunctional surgical-prosthodontic guide with an integrated precontoured veneer-type restoration. Intraoral scanning, cone-beam computed tomography, and computer-aided design were combined to fabricate a guide incorporating a polymethyl methacrylate restoration for immediate provisionalization. Simultaneous hard- and soft-tissue management was performed to preserve the facial contour and enhance gingival thickness. The digital plan was reproduced clinically with high fidelity, achieving primary stability and favorable peri-implant soft-tissue architecture. Harmonious aesthetic integration was observed. This digitally milled multifunctional guide provides a precise, efficient, and biologically aligned workflow for anterior implant rehabilitation by unifying guided surgery and immediate provisionalization in a single preplanned procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":22669,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society","volume":"26 2","pages":"208-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical comparison of ball and socket and locator attachments in implant-assisted cast partial denture: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Sonal Aggarwal, Anshul Trivedi, Apoorva Mowar, Nand Kishore Sahoo, Elizabeth Madathil, Roma Goswami","doi":"10.4103/jips.jips_287_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jips.jips_287_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the functional, mechanical, biological, and patient-reported outcomes of ball & socket versus locator attachment systems used in implant-assisted cast partial dentures (IACPDs).</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This randomized clinical study included patients with Kennedy Class I and Class II mandibular arches. A total sample size of 20 patients was determined, and allocation to attachment groups was performed. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used with a radiographic stent for treatment planning, which was subsequently utilized as a surgical guide for implant placement. Prosthetic rehabilitation was carried out using IACPDs designed with Exocad® software (Darmstadt, Germany).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Following implant placement, patients were rehabilitated with IACPDs incorporating either ball and socket or locator attachments. Outcomes were assessed at a 6-month follow-up. Functional parameters: masticatory efficiency. Mechanical parameters: wear of acrylic teeth, nylon ring wear, framework fracture, and dislodgement of the metal retentive housing. Biological parameters: marginal bone level changes assessed using CBCT and soft-tissue health evaluated using periodontal indices. Patient-reported outcomes: assessed using a structured questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>All collected data were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS Version 26 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Independent t-test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used as appropriate. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen participants completed the study (10 in the ball and socket group and 9 in the locator group), as one participant was lost to follow-up. Functional outcomes: Masticatory efficiency showed a statistically significant improvement in the locator attachment group when analyzed using an independent t-test (P < 0.001). Mechanical outcomes: Mechanical complications assessed using Fisher's exact test revealed no significant intergroup difference (P = 0.370). Biological outcomes: Marginal bone levels decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up within both groups; however, intergroup comparison using the Mann-Whitney U test showed no statistically significant difference (P = 0.584). Periodontal indices demonstrated a statistically significant difference favoring the locator attachment group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this study, implant-assisted cast partial dentures demonstrated favorable functional, mechanical, biological, and patient-reported outcomes, with locator attachments showing superior performance compared to ball and socket attachments.</p>","PeriodicalId":22669,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society","volume":"26 2","pages":"120-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viability of dental implants in patients treated for oral squamous carcinoma: A retrospective study.","authors":"Arya Sukumaran, Prateek Vijay Jain, Pattatheyil Arun, Asif Ahmed","doi":"10.4103/jips.jips_386_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jips.jips_386_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Dental rehabilitation significantly improves the quality of life of oral cancer survivors, although its success may vary with multiple factors. This study aims to assess the viability of dental implants in treated cases of oral squamous carcinoma, focusing on radiotherapy, dose, site, thread design, and time interval following radiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary cancer care institute on patients with oral squamous carcinoma who received dental implants during the period January 2019 to February 2024.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study group comprised 120 patients with 443 implants. The primary variables assessed included radiation therapy (RT) status (pre RT and post RT), dose, implant site (native bone versus fibula free flap), implant thread design (active or passive), and time interval following radiotherapy.Statistical Analysis Used: Chi square and independent t tests. Statistical significance was determined as P<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the evaluated variables, radiation status demonstrated statistically significant effects on implant success. Implants placed before radiotherapy (pre RT) showed a higher success rate compared to those placed after radiotherapy (post RT) (95.1% vs. 80.1%; P = 0.03). Other variables, including dose, implant site, and thread design, did not have any significant association with the survival of implants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among assessed factors, timing relative to radiotherapy appears most influential, favoring pre RT implant placement. To mitigate implant failure, a longer interval time period between radiation and implant treatment is recommended with consideration to dose of radiation to implanted area. Fibula bone is a dependable recipient site.</p>","PeriodicalId":22669,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society","volume":"26 2","pages":"143-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the shear bond strength between 3D printed acrylic denture base resin and teeth with surface modifications - An in-vitro study.","authors":"Meher Sood, Veena Hegde, Nayana Prabhu, S Pradeep, Vaishnavi M Nayak, M Vidya Saraswathi","doi":"10.4103/jips.jips_423_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jips.jips_423_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the shear bond strength between three-dimensional (3D)-printed acrylic denture base resin and 3D-printed teeth with and without ridge lap surface modifications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The investigation included three groups: A control group with unmodified surfaces, a group with macromechanical modification using a vertical slot, and a group with micromechanical modification using Erbium, Chromium: Ytrrrium Scandium Gallium Garnet laser irradiation. Standardized test samples were fabricated using computer-aided designing software and printed using 3D printing resins. The bonding was carried out using a light-curing adhesive, and the assembled specimens were subjected to controlled UV curing.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The control group had significantly higher shear bond strength compared to both experimental groups. No statistically significant difference was observed between the macro-and micromechanically modified groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that surface modifications to the ridge lap of 3D-printed acrylic teeth and resin may not improve and could potentially reduce bond strength when compared to unmodified surfaces. The study highlights the importance of exploring alternative methods, particularly chemical surface treatments, to enhance the adhesion between 3D-printed denture bases and teeth.</p>","PeriodicalId":22669,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society","volume":"26 2","pages":"194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material-dependent trueness of intraoral scanners: A comparative analysis of three scanning technologies for different crowns - An in vitro study.","authors":"Meghna Budati, Subhabrata Maiti, Jessy Paulraj","doi":"10.4103/jips.jips_190_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jips.jips_190_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this was to assess and compare the accuracy of three intraoral scanners (IOS) under clinical conditions-active triangulation (Medit i700), parallel confocal (3Shape TRIOS), and optical triangulation (Primescan) by comparing their root mean square (RMS) deviation and maximum deviations to a high-accuracy reference scan using the 3Shape E4 extraoral scanner across six different crown material substrates.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>The study was conducted in an in vitro setting, comparing different IOS technologies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An in vitro study was performed using a three-dimensional (3D)-printed maxillary model with crowns fabricated from lithium disilicate ceramic (Emax), layered zirconia, monolithic zirconia, cobalt-chromium alloy, Polyetheretherketone (Bio-HPP), and Polyetherketoneketone (Pekkton). Each IOS performed 24 scans of the crowns following device-specific protocols. Accuracy was assessed by superimposing scans with the reference using Geomagic Control X software (Version 2020.0.1, 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA) to determine RMS and maximum deviations.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Scanning accuracy among devices and materials was evaluated using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc tests. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optical triangulation demonstrated the highest trueness for most materials, with the lowest RMS deviations for Emax (0.031 ± 0.003 mm), Bio-HPP (0.034 ± 0.002 mm), and Pekkton (0.035 ± 0.002 mm). Active triangulation performed best for the reflective cobalt-chromium alloy (0.183 ± 0.256 mm). There were significant differences seen in the accuracy of scanners and materials (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IOS trueness is influenced by substrate material and scanner technology. Optical triangulation excelled with translucent and low-reflective materials, whereas active triangulation showed superior performance with the reflective substrates. Material-specific scanning protocols are critical for achieving optimal clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":22669,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society","volume":"26 2","pages":"184-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative evaluation of peri-implant soft and hard tissues between internal hexagonal and internal conical type of implant-abutment connection: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Aditi Mishra, Ramashanker Siddharth, Balendra Pratap Singh, Kamleshwar Singh, Mayank Singh, Pooran Chand","doi":"10.4103/jips.jips_248_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jips.jips_248_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the effect of internal hexagonal and internal conical implant-abutment connection (IAC) on peri-implant hard and soft tissues.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Parallel arm, randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 44 participants requiring rehabilitation with single implant-supported crown in the posterior region were enrolled and randomly allocated to two groups (n = 22). Participants in Group 1 were rehabilitated with implants with internal hexagonal IAC while in Group 2 with implants having internal conical IAC. Following delayed loading protocol, implants were restored with single implant-supported crown and baseline data along with subsequent follow up data at 3rd, 6th, and 12th months after occlusal loading were recorded.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Data were analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29.0. Categorical variables were represented as counts/percentages, whereas continuous variables were denoted as mean ± standard deviation. Unpaired t-tests and Chi-square tests were used for group comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 12 months, crestal bone loss was lower in the internal conical group (0.78 ± 0.03 mm) than the internal hexagonal group (0.81 ± 0.02 mm; P < 0.001). Probing depth was consistently shallower in the internal conical group (3.17 ± 0.09 mm vs. 3.47 ± 0.17 mm; P < 0.001). Interleukin-1β levels were significantly lower in the internal conical group across all time points, with large effect sizes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Internal conical IAC showed lower inflammation, improved bone preservation, and shallower probing depths compared to internal hexagonal IAC. Despite small structural effect sizes, the inflammatory response indicated a meaningful biological advantage. Both IAC remain viable, with selection guided by patient-specific needs and long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":22669,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society","volume":"26 2","pages":"160-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of thickness, cement type, and substrate color on the optical properties of three-dimensional-printed composite resin.","authors":"Elif Önal, Zeynep Şahin, Lale Karaağaçlioğlu","doi":"10.4103/jips.jips_422_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jips.jips_422_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>With the rapid advancements in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, understanding the effects of material thickness, cement type, and substructure shade on the optical properties of composite resin materials is crucial for achieving optimal esthetic outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the effects of material thickness, cement type, and substructure shade on the optical properties of 3D-printed composite resin materials.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This is an in vitro study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 120 composite resin specimens were fabricated using additive manufacturing (90° and 50 μm). The specimens were divided into eight groups based on two thicknesses (0.8 mm and 1.5 mm), two substructure shades (B1 and C3), and two cement types (translucent and opaque). The color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer based on the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) Lab* system, both before and after cementation. The color difference (ΔE₀₀) and translucency parameter (TP₀₀) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>The data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, independent and paired t-tests, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and a one-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed in both the TP₀₀ and ΔE₀₀ values among the eight material combinations. At 0.8 mm thickness, the specimens with translucent cement showed higher TP₀₀ and ΔE₀₀ values, particularly over the C3 substructure. The thicker specimens (1.5 mm) generally exhibited lower color differences and translucency. The influence of the cement type and substructure shade was more pronounced in the thinner specimens and over darker backgrounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The material thickness, substructure shade, and cement type significantly influenced the optical performance of the 3D-printed composite resin materials. These parameters should be carefully considered to achieve optimal esthetic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":22669,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society","volume":"26 2","pages":"150-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do we truly understand the long-term performance of contemporary prosthodontic materials?","authors":"Manish Katyayan","doi":"10.4103/jips.jips_82_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jips.jips_82_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22669,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society","volume":"26 2","pages":"111-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of surface roughness in cobalt-chromium alloy castings fabricated by different manufacturing techniques and influence of positive pressure investment technique on its surface roughness - An in vitro study.","authors":"Abhishek Sharma, K Mahendranadh Reddy, Drishti Nagi, Shagun Gupta, J Harsha Vardhan, Madhu Sharma","doi":"10.4103/jips.jips_516_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jips.jips_516_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the surface roughness (Ra) of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) metal alloy castings by employing different manufacturing techniques and the influence of positive pressure investment process on conventional casting.</p><p><strong>Setting and design: </strong>The study design was an in vitro scientific research conducted in the Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 48 samples of Co-Cr metal alloy in square shape with dimensions 10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm were fabricated using different manufacturing techniques. There were four groups taken, which represent the techniques followed, in which each group contains 12 samples. Group A represented samples which were fabricated using the conventional lost-wax technique, Group B represented samples which were fabricated using the lost-wax technique in which the investment was done under positive pressure (three bars), and Group C represented samples manufactured using the subtractive technique, while the Group D represented samples manufactured using the additive technique.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>The measurement of Ra was done using a contact-based profilometer. One-way analysis of variance test and post hoc Tukey's test were conducted to do the statistical analysis between all the groups and within the two groups, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference observed between all the groups (P < 0.05), and it was found that samples invested under positive pressure had significantly less Ra when compared with those under normal pressure values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Co-Cr samples produced using computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milling (subtractive manufacturing) had the smoothest surfaces, followed by those made through the lost-wax technique with increased positive pressure. Whereas, samples fabricated using three dimensional printing (additive manufacturing) exhibited the highest Ra among all methods. The study also highlighted that samples produced under increased pressure had less Ra compared to those fabricated under normal atmospheric pressure using the conventional lost-wax technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":22669,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society","volume":"26 2","pages":"113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}