Nature & Society eJournal最新文献

The Emerging Asia Pacific Capital Markets: Sri Lanka 新兴亚太资本市场:斯里兰卡

Nature & Society eJournal Pub Date : 2021-03-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3807421

Vidushan Premathiratne

{"title":"The Emerging Asia Pacific Capital Markets: Sri Lanka","authors":"Vidushan Premathiratne","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3807421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3807421","url":null,"abstract":"The capital market of Sri Lanka consists of government securities, stocks, and corporate bonds. All financial instruments have a combined value of about USD 66.3 billion as of July 2020. Government securities contribute the most, with about 63% of the economy. Government securities are issued in both Sri Lankan rupee (LKR) and foreign currency denominated securities. The current stock market formed in 1985 and was later renamed the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). The CSE currently has two indices, and the main securities traded include ordinary and preferred shares, close-ended funds (unit trusts), and corporate debentures. Currently 287 entities are listed on the CSE, with stocks contributing 16% of the economy. The corporate bond market became active in 2013, with the introduction of incentives from the government, including the exemption of interest income received from listed debt from income and withholding taxes. The market capitalization of the listed corporate debt market reached LKR 257.9 billion in July 2020. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the CSE have focused on expanding the contributions made by corporate debt in the capital market. The CSE faces many challenges, including the need to increase corporate listings, liquidity, and foreign investor participation as well as to broaden the depth of financial instruments. A master plan has been developed with the SEC to develop the Sri Lankan capital market to be on par with global exchanges, beginning with the South Asia region. Importance has been placed on attracting global investors and developing new financial instruments. Development of capital market–related infrastructure has included measures to set up and implement a risk management system, a delivery versus payment settlement method, and a central counterparty clearing house. The SEC has also facilitated the introduction of real estate investment trusts (REITs), as a forward-looking step in its market development strategy.","PeriodicalId":225744,"journal":{"name":"Nature & Society eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126594968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The World Is at a Dangerous Crossroads on 'China Virus' and US 'Political Virus' 世界正处于“中国病毒”和“美国政治病毒”的危险十字路口

Nature & Society eJournal Pub Date : 2020-10-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3713745

John Taskinsoy

{"title":"The World Is at a Dangerous Crossroads on 'China Virus' and US 'Political Virus'","authors":"John Taskinsoy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3713745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3713745","url":null,"abstract":"As of 17 October 2020, the novel coronavirus without vaccination has resulted in 1,109,654 deaths;the United States is leader in total cases of 8,288,278 and 223,644 deaths with the mortality rate of 2.7%. While the virus is in its 2nd wave of resurgence, this is a crucial time for unity to fight against the invisible coronavirus, and this is the only way to defeat it. Leaders of nations across the world (President Trump in particular) should be extra careful at a time like this and avoid using xenophobic language that may create stigma. Attaching a disease caused by a virus to a nation and calling it “China virus”, “Wuhan virus”, “Chinese virus”, or “Asian virus” is an ugly case of US ‘bullying’ and US ‘political virus’. Coronavirus (also known as COVID-19, and in virology defined as SARS-CoV-2) recognizes no borders, ethnicities, or skin colors;moreover, the virus spares no people and nations based on levels of wealth and economic status. Political leaders, government officials, and medical experts commit an unlawful act by describing the novel coronavirus as China virus, trying to influence others with words without accuracy and empathy will only result in a dangerous spike in abhorrence, racism, aggression, stigma, and xenophobic attacks. Although unilateral economic sanctions have become the centerpiece of U.S. foreign policy under the Trump administration, this low cost/low risk combatant has been ineffective in exerting the “maximum economic pressure” on rogue nations to deter their malign activities. Abundance of research on the topic shows that unwarranted sanctions without multilateral support do not work well as a security tool. Iran and North Korea are two examples that the increased US abuse of sanctions and its use of the dollar as a weapon of mass economic destruction have produced trivial results, not mentioning that all parties involved have been adversely affected.","PeriodicalId":225744,"journal":{"name":"Nature & Society eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123743223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Gaining Competitive Advantage Through Offshore Subsidiary Manufacturing -- The Mid-West of Ireland Region 通过离岸子公司制造获得竞争优势——爱尔兰中西部地区

Nature & Society eJournal Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3687813

P. Sheahan, Bill O’Gorman, Tom Egan

{"title":"Gaining Competitive Advantage Through Offshore Subsidiary Manufacturing -- The Mid-West of Ireland Region","authors":"P. Sheahan, Bill O’Gorman, Tom Egan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3687813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3687813","url":null,"abstract":"Recent literature (Nell and Andersson (2012); Szalucka (2015)) offer conflicting views on the impact of locational environment on the competitive advantage of an investing Multi-National Corporation (MNC), and this raises an interesting challenge to the seminal theories of MNC activities such as Dunning’s Eclectic paradigm with respect to the importance of location. A conceptual framework is developed to assess the competitive advantage gained from a particular location choice, and this proposes that the regional attributes at a particular location contribute to competence development at the subsidiary level which in turn drives a competitive advantage for the parent firm. This framework is tested in a particular region (Mid-West of Ireland) by gathering qualitative data from three US MNCs with subsidiaries in this region. Data is gathered via interviews with senior directors at subsidiary and parent level and these assess the competencies gained from locating in this region before exploring whether such competencies contribute to parent company advantage. The findings suggest that the subsidiary MNCs derive a range of competencies which are specific to the Mid-West of Ireland region and most of these do contribute to the competitive advantage of the parent firm. This finding has important implications for MNCs seeking to locate in alternative regions as location choice can drive competitive advantage at the parent level.","PeriodicalId":225744,"journal":{"name":"Nature & Society eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115481593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Birth Spacing and Fertility in the Presence of Son Preference and Sex-Selective Abortions: India's Experience Over Four Decades 重男轻女和性别选择性堕胎下的生育间隔和生育率:印度40年来的经验

Nature & Society eJournal Pub Date : 2020-08-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3540353

C. Pörtner

{"title":"Birth Spacing and Fertility in the Presence of Son Preference and Sex-Selective Abortions: India's Experience Over Four Decades","authors":"C. Pörtner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3540353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3540353","url":null,"abstract":"Since the advent of prenatal sex-determination technologies in the mid-1980s, India has experienced an increasingly male-biased sex ratio at birth, presumably from sex-selective abortions. Abortions lengthen birth intervals, but we know little about how birth spacing has changed or the effects of these changes. I show that, although the overall length of birth intervals increased from 1970 to the mid-2010s, well-educated women with no sons had the most substantial lengthening, as well as the most male-biased sex ratios. Furthermore, most of these changes took place immediately after the introduction of prenatal sex-determination technologies. Consequently, some women without sons now have longer birth intervals than those with sons, reversing India's traditional spacing pattern. Women with low education continue short birth spacing when they have no sons, with only limited evidence of male-biased sex ratios. Because of the rapid lengthening of birth intervals, period fertility rates substantially overestimated how fast cohort fertility fell. Moreover, predicted cohort fertility is still 10%-20% above the period fertility rate. If the lengthening of birth intervals arises from repeated abortions, the associated short pregnancy spacing may counteract any positive effects of longer birth spacing. There is, however, no evidence of this effect on infant mortality. Judging from sex ratios, sex-selective abortion use is not declining.","PeriodicalId":225744,"journal":{"name":"Nature & Society eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122873458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Proximity to COVID-19 Cases and Real Estate Equity Returns 接近COVID-19病例和房地产股票回报

Nature & Society eJournal Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3641268

Lingshan Xie, Stanimira Milcheva

引用次数: 12

Relationship between Socio-Demographics and COVID-19: A Case Study in Three Texas Regions 社会人口统计学与COVID-19的关系:以德克萨斯州三个地区为例

Nature & Society eJournal Pub Date : 2020-06-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3636484

Yefu Chen, J. Jiao

引用次数: 6

Personal Bankruptcy and Race: When the Public-Private Welfare State is Predatory 个人破产与种族:当公私福利国家是掠夺性的

Nature & Society eJournal Pub Date : 2020-06-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3630278

Tess Wise

{"title":"Personal Bankruptcy and Race: When the Public-Private Welfare State is Predatory","authors":"Tess Wise","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3630278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3630278","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that personal bankruptcy is part of a “dual state,” that simultaneously provides welfare to some while being predatory to others. Viewed from within the tradition of the revisionist welfare state literature, which argues that the American welfare state is larger than it initially appears because of hidden, submerged, delegated, and public-private components, personal bankruptcy matches the definition of a public-private welfare state institution. Scholars argue that personal bankruptcy provides social insurance by forcing private creditors to become “insurers of last resort,” for unfortunate debtors and the outcomes surrounding personal bankruptcy conform to the predictions of revisionist welfare state literature. These outcomes, however, raise questions about whether personal bankruptcy should legitimately be considered as part of the welfare state. Applying critical race theory helps us to see that the social contract underlying the public side of personal bankruptcy is a racial contract and that capitalism, underlying the private side, is racial capitalism. For race-class subjugated populations, personal bankruptcy is part of a predatory credit regulatory regime in which the state is clearly implicated.","PeriodicalId":225744,"journal":{"name":"Nature & Society eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126596091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Enabling Smarter Cities with Operations Management 通过运营管理实现智慧城市

Nature & Society eJournal Pub Date : 2020-04-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3307458

Ho‐Yin Mak

引用次数: 14

A Brief Highlight of the Regulatory Framework for Engaging in Business in the Energy Sector in Nigeria 简要介绍尼日利亚能源部门从事商业活动的监管框架

Nature & Society eJournal Pub Date : 2020-02-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3546545

Akinbobola Olukayode Olugbemi

引用次数: 0

Foreign Direct Investment, Home Country Institutions, and Local Human Development in Brazil 巴西的外国直接投资、母国机构和当地人类发展

Nature & Society eJournal Pub Date : 2020-01-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3522088

Eduardo Polloni‐Silva, H. F. Moralles, D. Rebelatto, D. Hartmann

引用次数: 0