{"title":"Stable poses of 3-dimensional objects","authors":"R. Mason, E. Rimon, J. Burdick","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.620069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.620069","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the gravitational stability of a frictionless 3-dimensional object in contact with immovable objects. Arbitrarily curved objects are considered. This paper also shows how to determine the region over which the object's center of mass can move while the object maintains a given set of contacts and remains in stable equilibrium. We present symbolic solutions for up to three contacts and discuss numerical solutions for larger numbers of contacts. This analysis has application in planning the motions of quasi-statically walking robots over uneven terrain and the manipulation of heavy objects.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"12 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127746382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neural network adaptive sliding mode control and its application to SCARA type robot manipulator","authors":"M. Ertugrul, O. Kaynak","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.606732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.606732","url":null,"abstract":"A synergistic combination of neural networks with sliding mode control is proposed. As a result, the chattering is eliminated and error performance of SMC is improved. In such an approach, the determination of the structure of NN, i.e. number of layers, number of neurons at each layer, etc. does not come up as a problem because these are directly related to the SMC. A Lyapunov function is selected for the design of the SMC and gradient descent is used for weight adaptation of the neural network. The criterion that is minimized for gain adaptation is selected as the sum of the squares of the control signal and the sliding function. This novel approach is applied to control of a SCARA type robot manipulator and simulation results are given.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128156162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time model-based obstacle detection for the NASA Ranger Telerobot","authors":"B. Bon, H. Seraji","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614366","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the approach and algorithms developed for real-time model-based obstacle detection and distance computation for the NASA Ranger Telerobotic Flight Experiment. Objects of interest, such as manipulator arms or the ranger vehicle and solar arrays, are modeled using a small set of component types: edges, polygonal faces and cylindrical links. Link positions are computed using standard forward kinematics, and distances between object components are computed directly using equations derived from geometry. Prioritized lists of potential obstacles for each manipulator link eliminate needless distance computations and assure that the most likely obstacles are checked, even if the computation is terminated early due to real-time constraints. A test program, utilizing a 3D graphical simulation and providing a graphical user interface for operator control, has been developed and used to test and demonstrate obstacle detection. An earlier paper (1996) described how the obstacle detection results are utilized for collision avoidance.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121839617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A motion planning based approach for inverse kinematics of redundant robots: the kinematic roadmap","authors":"J. Ahuactzin, K. Gupta","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.606894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.606894","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new approach to solving the point-to-point inverse kinematics problem for highly redundant manipulators. It is inspired by recent motion planning research and explicitly takes into account constraints due to joint limits and self-collisions. Central to our approach is the novel notion of kinematic roadmap for a manipulator. The kinematic roadmap captures the connectivity of the configuration space of a manipulator in a finite graph like structure. The standard formulation of inverse kinematics problem is then solved using this roadmap. Our current implementation, based on Ariadne's clew algorithm, is composed of two sub-algorithms: EXPLORE, a simple algorithm that builds the kinematic roadmap by placing landmarks in the configuration space; and SEARCH, a local planner that uses this roadmap to reach the desired end-effector configuration. Our implementation of SEARCH is an extremely efficient closed form solution, albeit local, to inverse kinematics that exploits the serial kinematic structure of serial manipulator arms. Initial experiments with a 7-DOF manipulator have been extremely successful.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127921750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a minimum surface-effect three degree-of-freedom micromanipulator","authors":"M. Goldfarb, J. Speich","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614345","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the fundamental physical motivations for small-scale minimum surface-effect design, and presents a three degree-of-freedom micromanipulator design that incorporates a minimum surface-effect approach. The primary focus of the design is the split-tube flexure, a unique small-scale revolute joint that exhibits a considerably larger range of motion and significantly better multi-axis revolute joint characteristics than a conventional flexure. The development of this joint enables the implementation of a small-scale spatially-loaded revolute joint-based manipulator with well-behaved kinematic characteristics and without the backlash and stick-slip behavior that would otherwise prevent precision control.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128182093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher K. DeBolt, Chris O'Donnell, Craig Freed, Tuan Nguyen
{"title":"The BUGS \"Basic UXO Gathering System\" project for UXO clearance & mine countermeasures","authors":"Christopher K. DeBolt, Chris O'Donnell, Craig Freed, Tuan Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.620059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.620059","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the Basic UXO Gathering System (BUGS) is to test, evaluate and demonstrate the use of distributed robotics in clearing unexploded submunitions and minefield neutralization. A team consisting of industry, universities, and the government is working together on the BUGS programme. We are concentrating on control methodologies required for multiple, autonomous robots working together to perform a practical and useful mission. The choice of architecture is important in selecting a system that is flexible enough to operate reliably and robustly in an unknown environment. This paper also addresses the current team efforts on the BUGS project.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121435257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autonomous robot navigation for precision horticulture","authors":"T. Hague, J. Marchant, N. Tillett","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.619062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.619062","url":null,"abstract":"Certain experimental horticultural operations require an autonomous vehicle capable of navigating through a field of crop plants. Since the vehicle must be able to operate in many fields to be economic, artificial navigation beacons and detailed prior maps are disadvantageous. A novel navigation scheme has been devised, which allows the crop rows themselves to be used as a navigation aid. The commanded path of the vehicle through the field is expressed by path curvature as a function of forward distance; parts of the path are marked as being aligned with crop rows. Data from image analysis is combined with that from a solid state compass and dead reckoning using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). Rather than position in an arbitrary Cartesian coordinate frame, the EKF estimates position and orientation error from the commanded path, which may be used directly for feedback control of vehicle motion. The method has been implemented on a small horticultural vehicle, allowing it to follow crop rows and turn at the end of the rows fully autonomously. The system has been tested in the field, and results showing the accuracy of guidance along crop rows are presented.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121461560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new inter-phalangeal actuator for dexterous micro-grippers","authors":"N. Troisfontaine, P. Bidaud, G. Morel","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614408","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator aimed to be integrated in the phalanx of a dexterous micro-gripper. Its original design mechanically decouples motion transmission from force transmission. After a brief discussion on the operating principles of the actuator, the kinematics of the mechanism and its general features are specified. A thermo-mechanical model of the SMA fibers dynamics is then derived from an experimental analysis. Based on this model, a rational design methodology is proposed for the actuator. The last part of the paper shows experimental results. A prototype has been developed using the proposed design methodology. The paper shows the open loop results of this device. Additionally, a position switching mode controller is designed to improve precision and robustness.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131431957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the improvement of tracking performance of flexible robot arm using FFT method","authors":"L. Cai, Xiaoqi Tang","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.619343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.619343","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of how to improve the transient performance of a single-link flexible robot arm rotating in a horizontal plane using FFT method is addressed in this paper. Lyapunov's direct method is used to prove the stability of the closed-loop system under the proposed control law. However, the performance of the system is limited by factors such as nonlinearity, lower resonate frequency and time-delay. In order to further improve the tracking performance, we proposed to use FFT to analyze the tracking error. Through the analysis we can obtain the information of the system in the frequency-domain. The information then is fed back to the system, so that the performance of the system can be enhanced. The experimental results of a single flexible arm are presented in this paper for illustration.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131933358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sungkil Lee, Huang-Cheng Kuo, N. H. Balkir, G. Özsoyoglu
{"title":"A database server architecture for agile manufacturing","authors":"Sungkil Lee, Huang-Cheng Kuo, N. H. Balkir, G. Özsoyoglu","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.606751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.606751","url":null,"abstract":"Agile manufacturing systems can benefit significantly from a database support. This paper describes AMDS, an agile manufacturing database system designed for capturing and manipulating the operational data of a manufacturing cell. AMDS is a continuous data-gathering real-time DBMS, and it can be logged either locally or remotely and used for off-line analysis as well. The temporal operational data obtained is used for performance and reliability analysis, high-level summary report generation, real-time monitoring and active interaction. This paper gives an overview of AMDS and its real-time features.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130095410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}