{"title":"Supervisory control of an automated disassembly workcell based on blocking topology","authors":"Kok-Meng Lee, M. Kuren","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614355","url":null,"abstract":"An important aspect in recycling and reuse for environmentally conscious manufacturing is disassembly. Although disassembly systems contain the same basic elements as assembly system, the disassembly problem differs significantly from the assembly problem due to the fact that the incoming disassembly product is not controlled. In addition, complete dismantling of products is not necessarily required for disassembly whereas assembly builds a product completely. This paper describes a model for automated disassembly that accounts for work cell interaction and used product constraints. The model provides an essential means to determine, in real-time, the next component for disassembly using the knowledge of the product design and sensor feedback to minimize the steps to removing goal components. Sets of components for removal were resolved by minimizing set-up time for disassembling the component. Simulation results based on real product, vision sensor measure, and process input are presented and discussed. It is expected that the concepts demonstrated through this product can provide useful insights to other mechanical assembly.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128638321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cerebellar learning for control of a two-link arm in muscle space","authors":"A. Fagg, N. Sitkoff, A. Barto, J. Houk","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.619359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.619359","url":null,"abstract":"Biological control systems have long been studied as possible inspiration for the construction of robotic controllers. The cerebellum is known to be involved in the production and learning of smooth, coordinated movements. In this paper, we present a model of cerebellar control of a muscle-actuated, two-link, planar arm. The model learns in a trial-and-error fashion to produce bursts of muscle activity that accurately bring the arm to a specified target. When the cerebellum fails to bring the arm to the target, an extra-cerebellar module performs four-quality corrective movements, from which the cerebellum may update its program. In learning to perform the task, the cerebellum constructs an implicit inverse model of the plant. This model uses a combination of delayed sensory signals and recently-generated motor commands to compute the new output motor signal.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"103 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124711309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance improvement of flexible material handling robot by error detection and replanning","authors":"F. Arai, Hidekazu Niu, Toshio Fukuda","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.606733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.606733","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a control system for the flexible material handling robot. In the past, there has been reported much research work on flexible material handling robot systems. In most of the previous work, control system parameters were treated as fixed. However, they often change due to variation of the flexible payloads. In some cases, control performance is degraded and the production process is terminated in some situations. To deal with these cases, we propose an error detection method and a replanning system. If system parameters change and control performance is degraded, this system detects error by itself and changes control parameters to recover from the error automatically. Some experimental examples are shown to confirm effectiveness of this proposed system.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130402954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A reconfigurable holonomic omnidirectional mobile bed with unified seating (RHOMBUS) for bedridden patients","authors":"S. Mascaro, J. Spano, Haruhiko H. Asada","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614313","url":null,"abstract":"A hybrid wheelchair/bed system for bedridden persons is developed and tested. A powered wheelchair can be docked to a bed portion and reconfigured to a flat stationary bed so that the bedridden person does not have to change seating when transferring between the chair and bed. Moreover the wheelchair can also be docked to a toilet directly and automatically. A holonomic omnidirectional vehicle with a ball wheel mechanism is used for the wheelchair. The high maneuverability and holonomic nature of the vehicle allow the chair to be docked easily and precisely against a fixture. The wheelchair is equipped with teleconferencing facility so that the bedridden patient may communicate face-to-face with a distal caregiver, friends and relatives. This paper describes the basic concept of the reconfigurable holonomic omnidirectional mobile bed with unified seating (RHOMBUS). Issues on the mechanical design of the vehicle, chair, and bed are addressed, followed by control issues. A force-guided docking control method using force sensors embedded in the bumper of the vehicle is developed. A prototype system is designed and tested.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130672646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Locomotion of a biped robot with compliant ankle joints","authors":"K. Yi","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.620038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.620038","url":null,"abstract":"Control of a biped robot which has compliant ankle joints is dealt in this paper. Simulated version of a human ankle joint is built using springs and mechanical constraints, which gives a flexibility of joint and compliance against the touching ground. The biped robot with compliant ankle joints proposed here gives a good contact between its sole and the ground and makes foot landing soft. As a result, installing force sensors for measuring the center of gravity of the biped becomes easier. A motor to drive an ankle joint is not needed which makes legs light. However, the control problem becomes more difficult because the torque of the ankle joint to put the biped in a desired walking gait cannot be provided from the compliant ankle joint. To solve this problem, we proposed a dynamic gait modification method by adjusting the position of a hip joint. Simulation results for the mathematical model of the SD-2 biped in the Ohio State University are given to show the validity of the proposed controller.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114621590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parallel force/position control with stiffness adaptation","authors":"S. Chiaverini, B. Siciliano, L. Villani","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614290","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of parallel force/position control for a robot manipulator in contact with a compliant environment, a new scheme is proposed which is aimed at controlling the end-effector force in the face of uncertainty on the surface stiffness. The controller is of inverse dynamics type with a force feedforward action. Adaptation to unknown stiffness is achieved by resorting to a suitable estimate update law driven by the force error. Tracking of both position along the unconstrained directions and force along the constrained direction is ensured. Experimental results on an industrial robot with open control architecture are presented.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121486182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of a walking robot with feet following a reference trajectory derived from ballistic motion","authors":"C. Chevallereau, A. Formal'sky, B. Perrin","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.614281","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to define a control law and reference trajectories for a legged robot with feet. We use a computed torque control law associated with a desired motion of the legged robot derived from a ballistic trajectory. This approach leads to the same distribution of the torques as it can be observed for humans, and respects the assumption that muscle activities alternate with some periods of relaxation. Simulations are made on a simple model of quadruped for a dynamically stable planar gait.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121597246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive position/force control of BDC-RLED robots without velocity measurements","authors":"M. Queiroz, D. Dawson, H. Canbolat","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.620090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.620090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the problem of controlling the position and force of a constrained rigid-link electrically-driven robot manipulator actuated by brushed DC motors (BDC-RLED robot). Based on inexact knowledge of almost all of the system parameters and the lack of link velocity measurements, the integrator backstepping approach is used to design a voltage-level, adaptive position/force controller which ensures semi-global asymptotic tracking for the end-effector position, velocity, and force.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121678452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling of Sawyer planar sensor and motor dependence on planar yaw angle rotation","authors":"J. Ish-Shalom","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.606877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.606877","url":null,"abstract":"Planar motion systems based on commercial Sawyer motors provide uniform performance over their entire workspace, offering fairly high speeds (1.5 m/sec), accelerations (30 m/sec/sup 2/), and precision (sub-micron resolution). Using multiple motors over a common plateau provides an excellent basis for an agile table top, very high resolution, manufacturing system. Sawyer motors have 3 planar degrees-of-freedom X-Y-Yaw (rotation in the plane). The motor is very sensitive to yaw rotation, its force decreases rapidly, and it can lose synchronisation. This paper develops an analytical model of the motor, provides guidelines for the design and a real-time compensation method for errors resulting from yaw rotation. The model applies to magnetic, capacitive and optical position sensing using the platen as a reference grid.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121679850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obstacle location estimation using planar projection stereopsis method","authors":"K. Onoguchi, N. Takeda, Mutsumi Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.1997.619345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1997.619345","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new method for estimating locations of moving obstacles from stereo images without tracking between image frames and without searching corresponding points between stereo images. First, a free-space map in front of a vehicle is created by the planar projection stereopsis method which can easily decide whether or not each point in a stereo image exists on a ground plane. Next, the moving obstacles detected in an image by using the residual error calculated in the process of focus of expansion estimation are projected to the free-space map. In the free space map, obstacle locations are estimated as the intersection between the projected obstacle areas and the contour of a free-space area. Experimental results for real road scenes with pedestrian, bicycle or automobile as moving obstacles show the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":225473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124105277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}