ERN: Budget; Budget Systems (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Avaliação da Execução Orçamentária por Funções de Governo em Municípios com a utilização de Índices de Desempenho (Assessment of the Budgetary Execution by Government Functions In Municipalities with the Use of Performance Indexes)","authors":"Maurício Corrêa da Silva, José Dionisio Silva, E. Borges","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2830955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2830955","url":null,"abstract":"Portuguese Abstract: Politicas publicas tomam forma de programas publicos, projetos, leis, gasto publico direto, entre outros. Avaliacoes dessas politicas podem funcionar como um instrumento importante para a aplicacao do gasto publico. O registro contabil das despesas que competem ao setor publico e evidenciado no maior nivel de agregacao com a denominacao de funcao (funcoes de governo). O somatorio dos valores registrados nas diversas funcoes em determinado ano representa toda a execucao orcamentaria. Este artigo teve o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho da execucao orcamentaria por funcoes de governo dos 50 municipios mais populosos do Brasil, no ano de 2012, com a utilizacao de indices de desempenho, elaborados com a tecnica da Analise de Componentes Principais (ACP). Foi utilizado o metodo indutivo com mensuracao quantitativa. Os dados sobre as funcoes de governo foram extraidos do sitio eletronico da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN). Foram elaborados 4 indices de desempenho (subgrupos de funcoes per capita): funcoes administrativas, funcoes sociais, funcoes de infraestrutura e um indice com todas as 21 funcoes de governo que foram classificadas nos subgrupos. Os resultados revelaram que o municipio de Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ) teve o melhor desempenho nas funcoes administrativas, de infraestrutura e nas 21 funcoes de governo e ainda ficou na 3a posicao de desempenho das funcoes sociais. Quanto ao pior desempenho (ultima posicao), se destacaram nas funcoes administrativas, sociais, de infraestrutura e nas 21 funcoes, respectivamente, os municipios de Ananindeua (PA), Sao Joao do Meriti (RJ), Nova Iguacu (RJ) e Sao Goncalo (RJ).English Abstract: Public policies are shaped from take the shape of public programs, projects, laws, direct public expenditure, among others. Public policy assessments may work as an important tool to the use of the public spending. The accounting records of the expenditure under the responsibility of the public sector are highlighted in the higher level of aggregation with the function nomenclature (government functions). The sum of the amounts recorded in the various functions in a given year represents the entire budgetary execution. This paper aims to assess the performance of the budgetary execution by government functions of the 50 most populated municipalities in Brazil, in the year 2012, with the use of performance indexes, developed with the Principal Component Analysis technique. The inductive method with quantitative measurement was used. The data about the government functions were extracted from the National Treasury Bureau (STN) website. Four performance indexes were developed (subgroups of per capita functions): administrative functions; social functions; infrastructure functions and one index with all the 21 government functions that were classified in the subgroups. The results revealed that the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ) had the best performance in the administrative and infrastruct","PeriodicalId":225425,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Budget; Budget Systems (Topic)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133175128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges, Growth and Opportunity: A Shadow Federal Budget for 2015","authors":"W. Robson, A. Laurin","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2595761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2595761","url":null,"abstract":"The 2015 edition of the C.D. Howe Institute’s annual Shadow Federal Budget lays out a prudent fiscal course in the face of a challenging world economic environment, bolstering the confidence of Canadians in the sustainability of their public finances. It supports economic growth with tax changes and investments that support business investment and job creation. And it enhances opportunities for Canadians by investing in their skills for the workplace and better preparing them for retirement. The first order of business for this Shadow Budget is to prevent a slide back into red ink. Recent world commodity market swings makes near-term economic growth and fiscal revenue forecasts more uncertain. Doubling the amounts set aside for prudence, selling the government’s remaining interest in airport leases, and containing the cost of federal government operations, will protect the budget surplus and strengthen the balance sheet. Measures to improve the transparency of federal finances through a restatement of Ottawa’s obligations for employee pensions, and supplementary information on the present value of future taxes on tax-deferred savings, will facilitate the adoption of more forward-looking fiscal policies. Strong and sustainable economic growth requires policies to promote adjustment to changing market conditions and deploy Canada’s physical and technological resources where they will do the most good. Measures to boost Canada’s economic dynamism include creating a more efficient payments system, reviewing capital consumption allowances, and ensuring that Crown financial corporations have a clearly articulated mandate complementary to private lending institutions. Fresh infrastructure spending – $1.7 billion – is devoted to national air and rail transportation networks, two areas where federal involvement is uniquely appropriate, and where important economic benefits can be reaped. On the tax side, the introduction of an allowance for corporate equity investments (on a revenue neutral basis) in the computation of corporate income taxes will improve the environment for business investment and reduce distortions toward debt-financed investments. As for innovation and technology adoption, the introduction, as several countries already have, of a “patent box” will encourage the commercialization and use of innovative ideas developed in Canada. Canadians’ economic prosperity depends in large part on the opportunities they have to develop their knowledge and skills, to deploy them during their work lives, and to save and draw down savings once their work lives are over. This Shadow Budget takes several steps to improve and protect these opportunities, including boosting funding for benchmarking the performance of education systems, expanding eligibility for tax preferences on pension income and retirement savings, and eliminating mandatory minimum drawdowns from Registered Retirement Income Funds (RRIFs) and similar accounts. The plan for confronting the ","PeriodicalId":225425,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Budget; Budget Systems (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134360118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Разработка Методических Рекомендаций Субъектам Российской Федерации По Формированию Бюджетной Стратегии (Development of Guidelines for the Subjects of the Russian Federation on the Formation of the Budget Strategy)","authors":"A. Deryugin, Igor Arlashkin, Ksenia Proka","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2610143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2610143","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: Настоящий обзор содержит в себе анализ подходов к стратегическому бюджетному планированию на федеральном и региональном уровне в Российской Федерации и развитых странах. Путем анализа законодательства, зарубежного опыта, а также других источников, выявлены основные проблемы стратегического бюджетного планирования в Российской Федерации. В результате были разработаны методические рекомендации субъектам Российской Федерации по формированию бюджетной стратегии, а также бюджетного прогноза на долгосрочный период. Были также разработаны методические рекомендации по формированию приоритетов бюджетной политики на региональном уровне.English Abstract: This review contains the analysis of approaches to strategic budget planning at the federal and regional level in the Russian Federation and the developed countries. By analyzing the legislation, international experience, as well as other sources, identified the main problems of strategic budget planning in the Russian Federation. As a result, guidelines were developed by the subjects of the Russian Federation for the formation of the budget strategy and the budget forecast for the long term. There were also developed guidelines on the formation of policy priorities at the regional level.","PeriodicalId":225425,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Budget; Budget Systems (Topic)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121661635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Долгосрочный Прогноз Основных Параметров Бюджетной Системы России (Long-Term Forecast of the Main Parameters of the Budgetary System of Russia)","authors":"M. Kazakova, K. Nesterova","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2583701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2583701","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: Согласно данным официальной бюджетной статистики, угрозы дестабилизации российского бюджета в обозримой перспективе не просматривается. Однако для полноценной оценки бюджетной устойчивости недостаточно анализировать только текущие показатели. В ближайшие несколько десятилетий в России ожидается рост расходов на пенсионное и медицинское обслуживание, обусловленный демографическими факторами. Наряду с этим ожидается, что доля поступлений от нефтегазового сектора в общем объеме бюджетных поступлений и в процентах ВВП будет постепенно сокращаться ввиду низких темпов роста добычи нефти. В данной работе приводится долгосрочный (до 2100 г.) прогноз основных бюджетных параметров (доходы и расходы) в России, а также оценка бюджетного разрыва. Показано, что угроза стабильности бюджета в долгосрочной перспективе исходит не столько от роста социальных расходов, сколько от снижения нефтегазовых доходов. В заключении авторами формулируются выводы по результатам исследования.English Abstract: According to the official budget statistics, the threat of destabilization of the Russian budget in the foreseeable future is not visible. However, to fully assess fiscal sustainability is not enough to analyze only the current rates. In the next few decades, Russia is expected to increase in spending on pensions and health care due to demographic factors. In addition, it is expected that the share of revenues from the oil and gas sector in total budget revenue and as a percentage of GDP will be gradually reduced due to the low growth of oil production. In this paper we present a long-term (up to 2100) forecast of the main budget parameters (income and expenses) in Russia, as well as evaluation of the budget gap. It is shown that the threat to the stability of the budget in the long run does not come as much of the growth in social spending, but on the reduction of oil and gas revenues. In conclusion, the authors formulated conclusions of the study.","PeriodicalId":225425,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Budget; Budget Systems (Topic)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125599706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The $300 Billion Question: How Should We Budget for Federal Lending Programs?","authors":"D. Marron","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2649157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2649157","url":null,"abstract":"Student loans, mortgage guarantees, and other lending programs create special challenges for federal budgeting. Under official budget rules, these programs are projected to bring in $200 billion over the next decade. Under an alternative, favored by many analysts, they appear to lose $100 billion. That $300 billion disparity confuses policy deliberations. This report proposes a new budgeting approach, known as expected returns, that would eliminate this confusion. The report critically reviews today's budgeting approaches, identifies their flaws, and demonstrates how expected returns would improve budgeting for federal lending.","PeriodicalId":225425,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Budget; Budget Systems (Topic)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123940827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russia's State Budget in H1 2014","authors":"T. Tischenko","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2497071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2497071","url":null,"abstract":"According to the data provided by the Federal Treasury of Russia, in H1 2014 federal budget revenues kept growing and accounted for 21.1% of GDP, gaining 1.1 p.p. of GDP over the level observed during the corresponding period of the previous year. At the same time, during the period between January and May of the current year consolidated budget revenues of the constituent territories of the Russian Federation as percentage of GDP stop shrinking, which has been observed since the beginning of the year, and remained at 12.6% of GDP observed within the first five months in 2013. At the end of the period of January to June of the current year the federal budget ran a surplus of 1.9% of GDP; in addition, a positive balance was reached as a result of the execution of the consolidated budget of the constituent territories of the Russian Federation in the period between January and May 2014, 1.1% of GDP. Therefore, the Russian Federation is currently showing positive dynamics of the key parameters of the Russian budget system, which implies that budget sustainability isn’t exposed to material risks in the short run (a few months to come). However, the status of the Russian budget system doesn’t seem to be optimistic in the mid run. The Main Trends in the Budget Policy in 2015 and the Planning Period of 2016 and 2017 (hereinafter – \"the MTBP-2015\") were published on the official website of the Ministry of Finance of Russia in July 2014, in which the budget system is anticipated to run a deficit from 1.0% of GDP in 2014 to 1.5% of GDP in 2017.","PeriodicalId":225425,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Budget; Budget Systems (Topic)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130155686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Muni Bond Spread: Credit, Liquidity, and Tax","authors":"Andrew Ang, V. Bhansali, Yuhang Xing","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2489190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2489190","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal (muni) bonds are risky and trade in illiquid markets, and both effects serve to raise muni yields relative to Treasuries. On the other hand, the tax exemption of muni bonds tends to lower their yields. We decompose the muni yield spread into credit, liquidity, and tax components. Before 2008, muni yields are reliably lower than Treasuries. After the 2008 financial crisis, the muni-Treasury spread flips sign to, on average, 0.87%, comprising credit, liquidity, and tax components of 0.57%, 2.14%, and -1.84%, respectively. Muni credit and liquidity components exhibit strong covariation with credit and liquidity factors prevailing in other asset classes.","PeriodicalId":225425,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Budget; Budget Systems (Topic)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131153764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Совершенствование Взаимосвязи Государственных Программ, Долгосрочных Целевых Программ и Ведомственных Целевых Программ При Переходе На Программные Принципы Формирования Бюджета (Improving the Relationship of Government Programs, Long-Term Programs and Departmental Target Programs During the Transiti","authors":"V. Klimanov, Elena Vladimirovna Kosendyak, Anna Mikhailova","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2444159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2444159","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: В 2013 году в Российской Федерации на федеральном уровне началась активная фаза перехода на формирование федерального бюджета на программной основе. В ближайшее время планируется аналогичный переход и на других уровнях бюджетной системы. Несмотря на накопленный опыт программного бюджетирования в Российской Федерации на текущий момент отсутствуют научные основы осуществления этого процесса, включая механизмы использования в бюджетном процессе государственных программ в новом формате.Основной целью перехода к программному бюджету является повышение социальной и экономической эффективности расходов. Ключевым преимуществом программного подхода по сравнению с традиционным бюджетом, основанном на затратах-ресурсах, является повышение бюджетной устойчивости и эффективности деятельности органов государственной власти, что характеризует наличие более тесных связей бюджета со стратегическими целями развития.В настоящее время практически треть субъектов Российской Федерации перешла на формирование своих бюджетов в соответствии с программно-целевыми методами бюджетного планирования. В большинстве субъектов Российской Федерации в настоящее время принята нормативно-правовая база по разработке государственных программ.English Abstract: In 2013, in the Russian Federation at the federal level an active phase of the transition to the formation of the federal budget on a program basis has started. In the near future we expect a similar transition at other levels of the budget system. Despite the accumulated experience of program budgeting in the Russian Federation at the moment there has no scientific basis for the implementation of this process, including the use of mechanisms in the budget process of state programs in the new format.The main purpose of the transition to the program budget is to improve the social and economic cost-effectiveness. A key advantage of the program approach compared to the traditional budget based on cost-resources is to increase fiscal sustainability and efficiency of public authorities that characterizes the presence of closer ties with the strategic objectives of the budget development.At present, almost a third of the subjects of the Russian Federation has transferred to the formation of their budgets in accordance with the program-target method of budget planning. In the majority of subjects of the Russian Federation legal framework for the development of state programs is now accepted.","PeriodicalId":225425,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Budget; Budget Systems (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129492548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the GAAP Service Performance Reporting by New Zealand's Public Service","authors":"Rodney Dormer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2408885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2408885","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the requirements for service performance reporting, contained in the Public Finance Act 1989 and Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (GAAP), with the actual performance information reported by a sample of New Zealand government departments. It suggests that differences between what is actually reported and what the legislation and GAAP require is the result of a number of related institutional and political factors.","PeriodicalId":225425,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Budget; Budget Systems (Topic)","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132017615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peering Over Illinois Fiscal Cliff","authors":"R. Dye, Nancy W. Hudspeth, David Merriman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3887004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3887004","url":null,"abstract":"Are we looking at a crisis or a chronic condition? Illinois’ fiscal situation has been precarious for at least a decade – and much longer if pension liabilities are considered. From FY 2003 to 2008, which were good years for economic activity and revenue collection, the General Assembly and governor approved budgets with spending well in excess of revenue. From that shaky starting point, the Great Recession of 2008 triggered several years of fiscal crisis for the state. It is reasonable to ask whether the situation can still be defined as a crisis, “an unstable condition…involving an impending abrupt or decisive change,” but that would miss a more important point. Illinois is still mired in a chronic condition that predates the recession and constrains government’s ability to implement and administer policies. Illinois’ fiscal condition contributes to economic and policy uncertainty for citizens, businesses, nonprofit organizations, and local government. After the recession tipped the state from chronic shortfall to crisis, Illinois muddled through several years by taking on more debt, using one-time sources of revenue, paying bills late, and with substantial fiscal help from the federal government. By late 2010 it had become clear that major adjustments would be necessary to operate in a fiscally responsible manner. Faced with intense pressure to take some corrective action, the Illinois legislature and governor agreed on a package of fiscal policies in January 2011. The policies included temporary increases in the personal and corporate income tax rates and limits to General Funds spending. In terms of revenue, the most important changes were the increase in the personal and corporate income tax rates. Illinois has a chronic, structural fiscal problem and must either take action to reduce spending, increase revenue, or some combination, to avoid facing fiscal imbalances for many years to come.","PeriodicalId":225425,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Budget; Budget Systems (Topic)","volume":"351 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122844242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}