The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Salmonella‎ species ‎Isolated from Diarrheal Children and Dogs in Baghdad Governorate, ‎Iraq‎","authors":"Fudhaa Abdhalla, Nagham M Al-Gburi","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v47i2.1541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v47i2.1541","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to use conventional PCR to identify Salmonella‎ spp. that ‎were isolated from diarrheal children and healthy and diarrheic dogs based on four ‎virulence genes, hilA, stn, spvR‎, and marT. Sixteen Salmonella‎ isolates including: 9 ‎isolated from children's diarrhea from three species (S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. ‎Typhi) and seven isolated from dogs including (S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. ‎Muenchen), were identified primarily by several methods. The PCR products of the 16S ‎rRNA gene were sequenced and examined using BLAST analysis to find differences and ‎similarities between these Iraqi isolates and already-known global strains in order to ‎construct the phylogenetic tree of S. Muenchen which was detected for the first time in ‎dogs in Iraq. The results of the study revealed that all isolates of Salmonella‎ obtained ‎from children possess the hilA and stn genes. The marT gene was detected in 88% of the ‎Salmonella‎ serovars, and the spvR‎ gene was carried in 55% of the isolates. Among dog ‎Salmonella‎ isolates, the hilA gene was detected at 100%, the stn gene was at 85.7%, the ‎marT gene was present at 71.4%, while the spvR‎ gene was found at 57.1%. The result of ‎DNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree indicated that the local Iraqi S. Muenchen was ‎extremely close to the national strain and share the same ‎16S rRNA gene sequence, the ‎isolate was registered at NCBI and became a global reference with the accession number OQ999043.1. In conclusion, the presence of these important virulence genes among ‎Salmonella‎ serovars isolated from children and dogs alerted on the potential risk of ‎contamination of the environment and may lead to a community health crisis‎.","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"361 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Bovine Small Intestine Submucosa (SIS) ‎Hydrogel","authors":"Saddam K Hummadi, Nadia HR Al-Falahi","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v47i2.1479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v47i2.1479","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize a small intestine submucosa (SIS) hydrogel as ‎a bio-scaffold. In this study, SIS from five calves, aged 8-12 months and weighing 250-300 kg, was ‎obtained from a slaughterhouse immediately after slaughtering. The SIS was then decellularized, ‎powdered, and subsequently transformed into a hydrogel. This transformation was achieved by ‎dissolving the decellularized SIS powder in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at a concentration of ‎‎50% w/v, and allowing it to form a hydrogel over a 12-hour period at 37 °C. Characterization of the ‎SIS hydrogel was conducted using various techniques. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ‎‎(FTIR) was employed to identify the chemical structure of the hydrogel, revealing three primary peaks ‎at 1639 cm-1, 1571 cm-1, and 1338 cm-1, corresponding to amide I, II, and III bands, respectively. ‎Additionally, a broad signal at 3440 cm-1 was observed, indicative of the hydroxyproline side chain. ‎The hydrogel's swelling capacity was evaluated, showing an expansion of 437% after a 12-hour ‎immersion in PBS at a pH of 7.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the lyophilized ‎hydrogel revealed a highly porous and interconnected architecture, resembling a honeycomb ‎structure. Moreover, the hydrogel's antibacterial efficacy was assessed against Staphylococcus ‎aureus using an agar diffusion test, which demonstrated a zone of inhibition measuring 16.11 mm. ‎The combined chemical, morphological, and antibacterial properties of the SIS hydrogel developed ‎in this study suggest its potential as a promising bio-scaffold for inducing tissue regeneration and ‎restoring tissue function‎.","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"20 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Cyclosporine and Azacitidine on Some Hematologic and ‎Biochemical Parameters of Benzene-Induced Aplastic Anemia in Rats","authors":"Ghanem Taher, Huda F Hasn","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v47i2.1455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v47i2.1455","url":null,"abstract":"Aplastic anemia, marked by deficiencies in hematopoietic stem cells, leads to peripheral blood pancytopenia and hypocellular bone ‎marrow. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporine and azacitidine, administered either alone or in combination, in rats with benzene-induced aplastic ‎anemia, focusing on restoring normal blood cell levels and preventing disease complications. Thirty adult female Wistar rats ‎(Rattus ‎norvegicus)‎ were randomly divided into five groups: negative control (C-, untreated), positive control (C+, induced aplastic anemia with ‎distilled water), cyclosporine-treated (CsA, 5.86 mg/kg), azacitidine-treated (Aza, 5.75 mg/kg), and combination-treated (CsA+Aza, 3.68 ‎mg/kg each). Benzene (1940 mg/kg) was administered orally for fifteen days to induce aplastic anemia. Post a 30-day treatment period, ‎evaluations included differential WBC and reticulocyte counts, serum IL-2 levels, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Results ‎showed significant improvements in WBC% and reticulocyte% in all treated groups compared to the C+ group, with the combination-‎treated group showing the highest enhancement. IL-2 levels in the combination group were significantly reduced compared to other ‎treatment groups, aligning closely with the negative control. The ALP activity was significantly higher in both the cyclosporine and ‎azacitidine-treated groups compared to the positive control, with the combination group showing a marked increase over the azacitidine ‎group but no significant difference from the cyclosporine group and negative control.‎ In conclusion, the study demonstrates the potential therapeutic benefits of cyclosporine and azacitidine in treating benzene-induced ‎aplastic anemia in rats. The combination therapy, in particular, showed improved efficacy in all tested parameters, suggesting a potential ‎strategy for dose reduction and toxicity mitigation.","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"31 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Potential Hepatoprotective Effect of Quercetin in Male Rats ‎Following Acute Exposure to Cyclophosphamide","authors":"Mustafa M. Khalaf, Rana A Salih","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v47i2.1555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v47i2.1555","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the hepatoprotective efficacy of quercetin against ‎hepatotoxicity ‎induced by cyclophosphamide in a rat model. A total of 28 male ‎Wister albino rats (Rattus ‎norvegicus), with body ‎weights ranging from 195.5 to ‎‎198.2 g and approximately three months ‎of age, were randomized into four different ‎groups: the untreated Control group ‎received no interventions; the CYP group was treated with an intraperitoneal ‎injection of ‎cyclophosphamide at a dose of 200 mg/BW; the Qt group received an ‎‎oral administration of quercetin at 100 mg/kg BW daily for ten days; and the combined (Qt+CYP) group received quercetin orally for ten days, followed by a ‎cyclophosphamide ‎injection on the tenth day. Various biochemical markers, ‎including alanine aminotransferase ‎‎(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and liver glutathione ‎‎(GSH), and malondialdehyde ‎‎(MDA), were analyzed, in addition to body weight and ‎prothrombin time. The ‎Untreated Control group exhibited baseline levels for all assessed ‎markers. In ‎contrast, the CYP group showed elevated levels of ALT, AST, ‎‎ALP, and MDA, coupled with a decrease in GSH. Notably, the Qt+CYP ‎group ‎demonstrated a statistically significant reduction (P‎‎<0.05) in ALT, AST, ALP, ‎and MDA levels, ‎as well as an increase in GSH and prothrombin time, when ‎compared to the CYP group. No significant differences in body ‎weight were observed across all groups ‎‎(P‎‎<0.05). The results of the study indicate that quercetin has the potential to be used as a ‎‎hepatoprotective agent, protecting liver tissues from the cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide.","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"318 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Modified Toggle Splint with Nylon Suture for ‎‎Stabilization of Coxofemoral ‎Luxation in Dogs","authors":"Mina Q AL-Samarrai, Hameed A AL-Timmemi","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v47i2.1457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v47i2.1457","url":null,"abstract":"Coxofemoral luxation is a common orthopedic lesion in dogs. This study aimed to evaluate ‎the effectiveness of a modified toggle splint with nylon suture as a prosthetic teres ligament ‎for reducing and fixing coxofemoral luxation in dogs. Five adult mongrel dogs weighing ‎‎15±2 kg were used in this experimental study. The toggle splint was fabricated from a ‎Steinmann pin (1cm length, 2mm diameter) by drilling 0.5 mm hole in the center. ‎Stabilization of coxofemoral joint was performed by a modified Toggle splint technique. A ‎tunnel, from the major trochanter through the fovea capitis to the acetabulum, was ‎performed in which the toggle splint was passed through, and nylon suture was used for ‎fixation. Dogs were scored for lameness severity at 0-, 14-and 42-day post-operation using a ‎numerical rating scale (NRS) with 5 levels, and reductions were assessed radiographically ‎at three-time points the day of operation, day 28th, and day 42nd. The results showed that the ‎treatment splint was effective in achieving good reduction and fixation in four out of five ‎‎(80%) dogs at all time points. Reluxation was observed only in one dog (20%) up to week 6 ‎post-operation. The mean lameness score on day 14 (2.0±0.87) and 42 (0.60±0.60) were ‎significantly lower (P<0.001) compared to day 0. These results indicate that the modified ‎toggle splint with nylon suture is a promising treatment option for canine coxofemoral ‎luxation.","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"340 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A, and Fumonisin B1 in Poultry Feeds in ‎Nineveh Province","authors":"Hiba Alnaemi, Tamara Dawood, Q. Algwari","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v47i2.1532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v47i2.1532","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and fumonisin B1 (FB1), the most commonly ‎encountered mycotoxins, constitute serious human ‎and animal health threats as a result of their ‎toxigenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic influences‎. The study aimed to investigate the occurrence ‎of these mycotoxins in poultry feeds and determine the ‎percentage of the samples that exceeded the legal limits approved by the European ‎Commission ‎‎(EC). Sixty poultry feed samples were collected from poultry feed plants and poultry farms in Nineveh ‎Province and analyzed for ‎detection mycotoxins‏ ‏using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent ‎Assay (ELISA). Results reported co-occurrence of AFB1 and FB1 in ‎all samples examined (100%), while AFB1, ‎OTA, and FB1 co-occurred in 53 samples (88.33%) at values ranging between 3.15–43.96, 0–‎‎168.24, ‎and 220.6–6935.12 ppb, respectively. Also, results showed that FB1 existed at a mean value (2164.01 ‎ppb) significantly higher ‎‎(P<0.05) than those reported for AFB1 and OTA (16.48 and 32.09 ppb, ‎respectively). Results revealed that 38.33% and 10% of feed samples ‎exceeded the maximum ‎permissible limits for AFB1 and OTA established by EC, whereas all feed samples were within the ‎EC limit for FB1. As ‎a result, strict procedures should be implemented to achieve legal limits concerning AFB1 and ‎OTA in poultry feeds to preserve public health.","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Theileria equi‎ in Baghdad Racing Horses Using ‎Hematological and ‎Molecular Assay","authors":"Ahmed N ALani, Afaf A. YOUSIF","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v47i1.1501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v47i1.1501","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Theileria equi‎ infection in racing ‎horses in ‎‎Baghdad governorate, utilizing clinical signs, microscopic examination, molecular ‎assays, and ‎hematological ‎tests to identify significant differences between infected and non-‎infected horses. Between ‎January and ‎December 2021, a total of 160 racing horses from three ‎locations in Baghdad governorate (Al-‎Amiriya ‎Equestrian Club, Arabian horses in Alzwraa ‎Zoo, and Iraqi Equestrian School) were randomly ‎selected for ‎examination. Microscopic ‎examination of blood smears revealed 11 positive samples for ‎Theileria equi‎ ‎‎(6.875%), while ‎the results of the polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the 18S ‎ribosomal RNA gene ‎‎confirmed 26 positives (16.25%). Sequenced amplicons and phylogenetic tree analysis ‎‎revealed a genetic ‎similarity of 93.03–‎100% and 94-100% site coverage compared to many ‎global ‎countries' isolates. ‎Interestingly, only 16 (61.5%) of the 26 infected horses showed ‎mild to subclinical ‎symptoms or were ‎carriers of the disease without tick infestation. ‎Hematological blood parameters ‎showed non-significant ‎differences between infected and ‎non-infected horses, except for a decrease in ‎packed cell volume (PCV) ‎and hemoglobin (Hb) ‎concentration, which caused anemia in 12 horses among ‎the 26 molecularly positive ‎cases ‎‎(46.15%). Of these cases, 6 horses (23.08%) had normocytic ‎normochromic anemia, while 3 ‎‎(11.54%) ‎cases each had normocytic hypochromic and microcytic ‎hypochromic anemia. ‎Notably, young horses (two ‎years old) were more susceptible to infection (odds ratio ‎‎15.4) ‎than those over six years old. Additionally, ‎sex and breed did not show any significant ‎correlation ‎with equine theileriosis. In conclusion, this study ‎detected Theileria equi‎ infection ‎in young racing horses in ‎Baghdad. Clinically, most infected cases showed ‎mild to ‎asymptomatic signs accompanied by anemia. ‎Molecular investigation revealed high genetic ‎‎similarity to isolates reported globally. These findings ‎highlight the importance of ‎implementing measures ‎to control and prevent the spread of Theileria equi‎ in ‎racing horses in ‎Baghdad and other regions. Further ‎studies are warranted to better understand the ‎‎epidemiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors associated ‎with equine theileriosis‎. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46345974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ameliorating Effects of Salvia hispanica‎ Seeds Ethanolic Extract on ‎Methylprednisolone-Induced Osteoporosis in Female Rabbits","authors":"Mariam A Kadhem, Falah M AL-Rekabi, Samah A Jassam","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v47i1.1495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v47i1.1495","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000This study aimed to determine the effect of an ethanolic extract of Salvia hispanica‎ (Sh) seeds on ‎osteoporosis induced by methylprednisolone (MP) in female rabbits by assessing the bone ‎mineral density (BMD), serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and parathyroid ‎hormone, as well as histopathological changes in the femur bone. Fifty female rabbits ‎‎(Lepus cuniculus) averaging 1800±125 g and 8±1.4 months old were used in this study. ‎They were randomly allocated to five groups of 10 rabbits each. The negative control group ‎received only subcutaneous normal saline (1 mL/kg BW). The positive control group received MP subcutaneously at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg BW per ‎day for 30 days, followed by oral normal saline (1 mL/kg BW) per day for two months. ‎Group 3 received MP followed by oral administration of Sh seed  ethanolic extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg BW per day for two months. Group 4 received MP followed by oral administration of alendronate (Ale) at a dose ‎of 3.6 mg/kg weekly for two months. Group 5 received MP ‎followed by Ale and then Sh seed ethanolic extract. The study continued until one ‎week after the cessation of the treatments. The results showed that the BMD and serum ‎concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D significantly decreased (P<0.05), ‎while serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone significantly increased (P<0.05) in the ‎positive control and alendronate groups compared with the negative control group after two ‎months of treatment and after one week of withdrawal. However, the administration of Sh methanolic extract to the animals in the three treatment groups ‎ameliorated these parameters and reverted them to normal values. Histopathological ‎analysis of the femur bone head revealed abnormal bone morphology in the positive control ‎group, while Sh extract treatment preserved the normal histology in the other ‎groups. These findings concluded to that Sh seeds ethanolic extract has the ‎potential to prevent bone loss induced by chronic glucocorticoid therapy and may have ‎significant implications for the treatment of osteoporosis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46471292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus in Broiler Flocks in Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraq","authors":"Harem Habil Hama Ali, Nahla Muhammad Saeed, Sadat Abdulla Aziz","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v47i1.1503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v47i1.1503","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute contagious upper respiratory tract infection of ‎chickens and other birds, caused by Gallid herpesvirus1 (GaHV-1), which has economic ‎importance in the poultry industry. There was no scientific data about the incidence of the ‎disease in broiler farms in Sulaymaniyah province/Iraq. Therefore, this study aimed to ‎investigate ILTV infection in broiler farms in that region. Clinically infected birds from 89 ‎broiler flocks that had respiratory distress, coughing, gasping, tracheal rales, nasal ocular ‎discharge, and congested trachea with purulent exudate, hemorrhagic tracheitis with/or without ‎necrotic changes were investigated. The DNA was extracted from the pooled samples, ‎including tracheal secretion, trachea, and lung tissue. Primers specific to the thymidine kinase ‎gene (tdk) of ILTV- were used in PCR to detect the virus. A phylogenic tree was generated to ‎track the virus’s origin.  The study revealed that the rate of infection with ILTV among broiler ‎farms was 2.2% (2/89) in the region. The sequencing analysis showed that the ILTV isolated in ‎the area was closely related to the reported strains in the United States and Brazil (MN643591.1 ‎and S83714.1); and had a sequence identity of 98.27% to the taxon ‎JQ217378.1.  In conclusion, the study reported that one of the causes of the respiratory viral ‎infection in broiler flocks even at younger ages was related to ILTV. Partially sequenced tdk ‎gene of the virus showed that the circulated serovar in the region had some nucleotides and ‎amino acids differences with the worldwide reported serovars. This should be taken into ‎consideration in the poultry industry by doing further investigation‎. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46743998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological Parameters as Indicators for Litter size and Pregnancy Stage in Awassi ‎Ewes","authors":"Neam M Khazaal, Hasan F Alghetaa, Mohammed Baqur S Al-Shuhaib","doi":"10.30539/ijvm.v47i1.1504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v47i1.1504","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Physiological status and litter size can indeed have a significant impact on ewes' ‎hematological parameters, which are essential indicators of their health. Therefore, this study ‎examined the hematological profiles of ewes during pregnancy with single and twins in the ‎Awassi ewes. The present study involved 232 ewes in good health and at sexual maturity. ‎Among them, 123 ewes had single pregnancies, while 109 ewes had twin pregnancies. The age ‎range of the ewes included in the study was between 3.5 and 4.5 years. Hematological tests ‎were conducted on the sheep's blood samples promptly following collection. The findings ‎demonstrated variations in hematological parameters among pregnant ewes, with differences ‎based on litter size. Ewes carrying twin pregnancies exhibited significantly higher levels of ‎red blood corpuscular, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin ‎concentration during pregnancy. In comparison to single-pregnant ewes, Awassi ewes with ‎twin pregnancies displayed elevated counts of white blood cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes, ‎and granulocyte percentage compared to ewes with single pregnancies. Awassi ewes with twin ‎pregnancies also exhibited a strong positive correlation with the leukocytes and erythrocytes ‎constituents. In conclusion, these findings indicate that litter size significantly influences ‎hematological parameters, highlighting the importance of considering the physiological status ‎and litter size as indicators of ewes' health. The findings have practical implications in sheep ‎breeding and reproduction, as they can be utilized to enhance the diagnosis, prognosis, and ‎treatment of related conditions‎. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":22528,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41725527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}