Oxford Open Climate Change最新文献

{"title":"The Potential Role of Descriptive and Dynamic Norms in Promoting Climate Change Advocacy","authors":"Eryn Campbell, J. Kotcher, Teresa A. Myers, Sammi Munson, Amanda C. Borth, S. Rosenthal, A. Leiserowitz, E. Maibach","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgad001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Political advocacy is arguably the most powerful form of action that citizens concerned about climate change can take. One motivator for political advocacy is the perception that there is a social norm (i.e., inherently understood social rules and standards that serve to guide social behaviors) for doing so. Using nationally representative survey data (N = 1,303), we examined the association of three types of social norms—descriptive norms (i.e., perceptions about how many other people perform a behavior) and retrospective and prospective dynamic norms (i.e., perceptions that a behavior has become more or less common in the past or will in the future)—with intentions to engage in political advocacy in the upcoming year and past advocacy. We found that descriptive norms and prospective dynamic norms were positively related to advocacy intentions, while only prospective dynamic norms were positively related to past advocacy (retrospective dynamic norms were negatively related to both outcomes, contrary to our theorized direction). Further, we examined whether the relationship between norms and intentions/behaviors differed based on political party identification and four potential mediators of this relationship: identification with climate activists; collective efficacy (i.e., the belief that people can engage in climate advocacy and that it will make a difference); collective response efficacy (i.e., beliefs about the results of advocacy); and injunctive norms (i.e., perceptions of others’ approval of advocacy). In the moderated-mediation models, we found that party identification moderated the relationships between descriptive norms and prospective dynamic norms and advocacy intention, while retrospective dynamic norms were not related as theorized. These relationships were mediated by identification with climate activists and collective efficacy, as well as by injunctive norms in the case of descriptive norms. Party identification also moderated the relationship between descriptive norms and past advocacy; this relationship was mediated by identification with climate activists and injunctive norms. Taken together, these findings underscore the potential importance of perceived descriptive norms and prospective dynamic norms on political advocacy to address climate change, extending both well-established and emerging research and providing insights useful for academics and practitioners alike.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Political advocacy (e.g., contacting elected officials via phone or email, attending a march or public demonstration, etc.) is a powerful form of climate action available to citizens in democratic societies. A relationship may exist between various forms of perceived social norms (i.e., inherently understood social rules and standards that serve to guide social behaviors) about political advocacy and a citizen’s likelihood of engaging in such advocacy. To investigate, we examined the association of descriptive norms (i.e., perceptions about how","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"576 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116301570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social media messaging by climate action NGOs: a case study of the 2019-2020 Australian Black Summer bushfires","authors":"Joshua Ettinger, Mary Sanford, Peter Walton, David Holmes, James Painter","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgad011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgad011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Researchers are increasingly examining discourses associated with climate change and extreme weather events across different communication channels. However, further research is needed to examine how environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) frame extreme weather events and their relationship to climate change on social media platforms. This is an important topic as these groups play a significant role communicating science and driving environmental action. Here, we examine how Australian climate action NGOs framed the relationship of the 2019–2020 Black Summer bushfires to climate change on Twitter/X. Analyzing 2,077 bushfire-related tweets from a sample of 102 climate group accounts through manual content analysis, we found that these groups frequently linked bushfires with climate change, representing 59% of their bushfire-related tweets during the period of the fires. Forty-two percent of tweets mentioned climate change without describing how it relates to bushfires; 16% described specifically how climate change influences the frequency and intensity of bushfires; and only 1% suggested inaccurately that climate change causes bushfires to occur. Fifteen percent of tweets discussed risk factors beyond climate change that influence bushfire impacts, such as firefighting, emergency responses, hazard reduction, and community vulnerabilities. Only seven accounts mentioned an extreme event attribution study of the Black Summer fires. Based on these findings, we discuss opportunities and challenges of climate science communication in the extreme weather context, and describe promising directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Unusual Suspects: Are Well-Meaning Environmental Stakeholders and Institutions Undercutting the Contributions that Companies Can Make to Fighting Climate Change?","authors":"Roger S Ballentine","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgad009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgad009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is broad consensus that a significant majority of the capital needed to fund a low carbon transition consistent with science-based decarbonization timelines will have to come from the private sector. While still inadequate, the past decade-plus has seen a nonlinear increase in corporate capital spend in pursuit of voluntary climate goals. In the absence of significant regulatory mandates or meaningful carbon pricing, how this ‘corporate climate spend’ is directed is influenced—if not largely directed—by an array of emissions accounting rules, third-party defined leadership metrics and methodologies. This ‘rules and reward ecosystem’ is largely the design of environmental advocates, academics, and other aligned stakeholders and philanthropists. Sitting at the heart of this ecosystem is the Greenhouse Gas Protocol—a purported accounting framework that underpins how companies can undertake climate-based interventions and record progress. Launched by environmental stakeholders in 1998, the Protocol has since become the de facto rulebook used by highly influential third-party corporate leadership and target setting organizations, sustainability rating and evaluation entities serving the investment community, and is being incorporated into emerging mandatory corporate disclosure programs. Ironically, given its architects, today the rules and reward ecosystem results in significant mis-allocations and constraints on corporate climate spend and is reducing the potential climate change-mitigating impact of crucial private capital. This paper explores the flaws in incumbent greenhouse gas accounting and leadership program rules and proposes pathways for change that would better optimize the flow of private capital available and needed to address the climate crisis.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135910647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: The unusual suspects: are well-meaning environmental stakeholders and institutions undercutting the contributions that companies can make to fighting climate change?","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgad014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgad014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135604148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial on Hansen et al. ‘<i>Global warming in the pipeline</i>’ (this issue)","authors":"Eelco J Rohling, Anna S von der Heydt","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgad010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgad010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135506526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global warming in the pipeline","authors":"James E Hansen, Makiko Sato, Leon Simons, Larissa S Nazarenko, Isabelle Sangha, Pushker Kharecha, James C Zachos, Karina von Schuckmann, Norman G Loeb, Matthew B Osman, Qinjian Jin, George Tselioudis, Eunbi Jeong, Andrew Lacis, Reto Ruedy, Gary Russell, Junji Cao, Jing Li","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgad008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Improved knowledge of glacial-to-interglacial global temperature change yields Charney (fast-feedback) equilibrium climate sensitivity 1.2 ± 0.3°C (2σ) per W/m2, which is 4.8°C ± 1.2°C for doubled CO2. Consistent analysis of temperature over the full Cenozoic era—including ‘slow’ feedbacks by ice sheets and trace gases—supports this sensitivity and implies that CO2 was 300–350 ppm in the Pliocene and about 450 ppm at transition to a nearly ice-free planet, exposing unrealistic lethargy of ice sheet models. Equilibrium global warming for today’s GHG amount is 10°C, which is reduced to 8°C by today’s human-made aerosols. Equilibrium warming is not ‘committed’ warming; rapid phaseout of GHG emissions would prevent most equilibrium warming from occurring. However, decline of aerosol emissions since 2010 should increase the 1970–2010 global warming rate of 0.18°C per decade to a post-2010 rate of at least 0.27°C per decade. Thus, under the present geopolitical approach to GHG emissions, global warming will exceed 1.5°C in the 2020s and 2°C before 2050. Impacts on people and nature will accelerate as global warming increases hydrologic (weather) extremes. The enormity of consequences demands a return to Holocene-level global temperature. Required actions include: (1) a global increasing price on GHG emissions accompanied by development of abundant, affordable, dispatchable clean energy, (2) East-West cooperation in a way that accommodates developing world needs, and (3) intervention with Earth’s radiation imbalance to phase down today’s massive human-made ‘geo-transformation’ of Earth’s climate. Current political crises present an opportunity for reset, especially if young people can grasp their situation.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135506575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency","authors":"Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Thomas Benfield, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Peush Sahni, Wadeia Mohammad Sharief, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgad013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135560804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the determinants of smallholder cocoa farmers’ adoption of agronomic practices for climate change adaptation in Ghana","authors":"Gordon Yenglier Yiridomoh, S. Z. Bonye, Emmanuel K Derible","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgac005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgac005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Over the years, cocoa has been the bedrock of the Ghanaian economy and a source of livelihood for most cocoa farming households. Empirical studies have established that cocoa farmers have begun to adopt various agronomic measures for climate change adaptation. However, factors that influence farmers’ decisions to adopt these agronomic practices to enable successful adaptation to climate change are least investigated. The study aims to investigate smallholder cocoa farmers’ decisions to adopt agronomic practices for climate change adaptation in Ghana. The study adopts a mixed method approach to research, and involved 259 cocoa farmers. Using the thematic and multivariate probit regression model to data analysis, the results revealed that farmers’ decisions to adopt soil conservation, pruning/shade management and planting of new crop varieties is determined by a number of mixed factors including; access to agricultural land, access to credit, farmer farm experience and access to extension services. The study recommends the need for the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources together with the traditional authorities and other relevant land sector agencies to develop and implement context-specific and appropriate land-use policy strategies that support access to sustainable land for adoption of climate smart agricultural practices. Again, the study recommends the need for the Ministry of Food and Agriculture to deploy more extension agents into rural cocoa farming communities to take farmers through more pragmatic agronomic practices for climate change adaptation and improved returns in investment in cocoa farming.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128107359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalyzing industrial decarbonization: the promissory legitimacy of Fossil Free Sweden","authors":"Veronica Brodén Gyberg, Eva Lövbrand","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgac004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgac004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 2017, the Swedish parliament adopted a new climate policy framework that lays the foundations for an ambitious decarbonization of all sectors in Swedish society. To live up to the Paris Agreement’s temperature targets, the parliament decided that Sweden should arrive at net zero emissions of greenhouse gases by year 2045 and thereafter aim for net negative emissions. This progressive climate policy agenda is embedded in a strong collaborative discourse. To begin the transition to a fossil-free society, the Swedish government has invited a wide array of actors to join forces in the formulation and implementation of low carbon initiatives. In this paper we examine the fossil-free society as a powerful socio-technical imaginary that underpins this collaborative effort. We trace the promise attached to this future dreamscape and how it is mobilized by the government initiative Fossil-Free Sweden (FFS) to gain support for industrial decarbonization in the present. Our study draws upon roadmaps produced by FFS together with the Swedish steel, cement, and petroleum industry, as well as semi-structured interviews with selected industry actors. We find that the FFS roadmaps work as powerful “techniques of futuring” that invite industry actors to anticipate the risks and opportunities attached to the fossil-free society and at the same time contribute to shaping that society. While effectively involving incumbent actors in the political project of decarbonization, our study suggests that the roadmaps consolidate around an imagined future that is a techno-optimistic extension of the fossil-intensive present.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"21 1-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132030979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of a net-zero target for India’s sectoral energy transitions and climate policy","authors":"Vaibhav Chaturvedi, Ankur Malyan","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgac001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgac001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The IPCC 1.5 °C report highlights the criticality of achieving a net-zero greenhouse gas future. Many countries have announced their commitments to achieve a net-zero future for their economies. India, while doing much more than its ‘fair share’ of mitigation, has yet to announce a net-zero year target, presumably owing to the absence of an India-focused analysis on this issue. This study attempts to address this gap by modelling alternative peaking and net-zero-year scenarios for India, and highlighting its implications for transition in energy-intensive sectors. We model four combinations of peaking and net-zero-year scenarios for India (2030–2050, 2030–2060, 2040–2070, and 2050–2080) and a combination of technology availability scenarios related to carbon capture and storage (CCS) and hydrogen within each of the policy scenarios. We present the implications of these sixteen alternative scenarios for the required sectoral transitions across the electricity, transport, building, and industrial sectors in India and provide insights for India’s climate policy.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129180684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}